人教版八年级下英语unit10单元优质课件 210页

unit 10 人教版八年级英语下册单元全套课件 I’ve had this bike for three years. Section A 1a-2d 目 录 Section A 3a-3c Section A Grammar Focus-4c Section B 1a-1d Section B 2a-2d Section B 3a-Self Check 使用说明：点击对应课时，就会跳转到相应章节内容，方便使用。 Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years. 人教版八年级英语下册 Section A 1a-2d To learn to talk about possessions and things around you. To listen for specific information. Objectives Do you know? What can you see in the picture? . How long have you had that bike over there? I’ve had it for three years! I learned how to ride a bike on it. The picture shows two children standing outside, talking . The boy is having a yard sale . He is standing behind a table on the grass in the yard in front of his house. The table is covered with things his family is selling: old clothes, toys, cups and glasses, plates and bowls, books, a vase and a lamp . The girl is carrying a backpack on her back and asking about the red bicycle . Yard sales are events in the US and Canada where people sell old things that they no longer want, on the grass in front of their house — their yard . People often hold yard sales in spring when they clean out their houses and get rid of things they don’t use or want anymore . People who plan to hold a yard sale will usually put up notices around their community and put up signs to point the way to their house. A yard sale is also known as garage sale , lawn sale , tag sale , etc. Look at the things at the yard sale. Do you have any of these things at home? How long have you had them? 1a __ Jeff’s family is having a yard sale. __ Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old things. __ Jeff has had his bike for more than 10 years. __ Amy wants to keep her old things because  they bring back sweet memories. __ You can also give old things away to people  in need. Listen and check (✓) the facts you hear. ✓ ✓ ✓ 1b Listen again and answer the questions. 1. Isn’t it hard to sell some useless things? Yes, it’s hard to say goodbye to certain things. 2. How long has Jeff had that bike? He has had it for three years. 3. How much is the book? 75 cents. Practice the conversation. Then make conversations about other things in the picture above. A: This is a really old book. B: Yes, I’ve had it for seven years. I’ve read it three times. A: Why are you selling it? B: Because I don’t read it anymore. A: How much is it? B: You can have it for 75 cents. 1 c toy dog toy panda toy bear Do you have them at home? How long have you had the …? I have had … for …years./since …years ago. for+ 时间段； since+ 过去的时间点，是现在完成时的标志词。 sweater dress scarf How long have you had the …? I have had …for …years./since …years ago. lamp old books cup How long have you had the …? I have had …for …years./since …years ago. magazine cap vase How long have you had the …? I have had …for …years./since …years ago . Listen and check (✓) the things Amy’s family are giving away and circle the things they are keeping. book magazine toy bear toy lion toy tiger bread maker sweater dress hat scarf ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 2a Listen again and fill in the blanks. Amy has had her favorite _______ for three years. 2. Amy has had the toy ________ since she was a _______. 3. Amy’s mom has had the old bread maker for more than _______ years. 4. Amy can give away the __________ and ________ because they do not fit her anymore. book bear baby ten sweater dress 2b Listen again and choose the correct answers. 1. Amy wants to give away the _____. A. book B. magazine C. bear D. hat 2. Why does the bear has special meaning to Amy? A. Because her father bought it for her. B. Because her Grandpa bought it for her. C. Because her Grandma bought it for her. B C A: Amy, can we give away these soft toys? B: Mom, I want to keep the bear. A: Why? It’s so old. B: Because I’ve had it since I was a baby. Student A is Amy’s mom. Student B is Amy. Make conversations. 2c Example: A: Amy, can we give away this book? B: Mom, I want to keep this book. A: Why? You’ve already read it twice. B: Because it’s my favorite book. Role-play the conversation. 2d Linda: Welcome to the Sunshine Home for Children. I’m Linda. Amy: Hi, I’m Amy. I have some things for the kids. I’ve had this magazine for a couple of months. The stories inside may be a bit old, but they’re still interesting. Linda: Great! Many children here love reading. Amy: And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. I’ve had them since I was a child. There’s also a sweater and a dress. Linda: Perfect! We always need toys and clothes. Amy: One last thing is a bread maker. My mom’s had it for a long time but it still works. Linda: Thanks so much! A: This is a really beautiful vase. B: Yes, I’ve had it for … years. A: Why are you selling it? B: Because ... A: How much is it? B: You can have it for ... Example: 1. I’ve had this magazine for a couple of months. 这本杂志我买了几个月了。 a couple of 表示具体的数量“ 两个 ”，指两个相 同的人或物体；表示数量不定的“ 少数几个 ”， 作这种虚指的用法时，具体意思往往视上下文和 具体的语境而决定。 Language points e.g. You have to wait for a couple of hours for the clothes to dry completely. 你得等上一两个小时让这些衣服完全晾干。 I feel so delightful to receive your mail. It has been a couple of months we met in Bali. 收到你的邮件，我感到非常开心。自从上次在 巴厘岛一别已经有好几个月了。 2. The stories inside may be a bit old, but they’re still interesting. 里面的故事有点古老，但它们依然很有趣。 a bit 意为“ 一点儿 , 稍微 ”，修饰形容词或副 词，相当于 a little ； a bit of + 不可数名词 ， a little 直接加 不可数名词 。 e.g. There is a bit of/a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有点儿水。 not a bit =not at all 意为“一点也不” not a little =very 意为“非常” e.g. She is not a bit happy. 她一点儿也不快乐。 He is not a little tired. =He is very tired. 他非常累。 3. And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. check 用作及物动词，意为“检查，审查” check out 意为“察看，观察”。 e.g. If you finish it, check it by yourself first. 如果你完成了，就自己先检查一下。 Check out all the books for children. 察看一下所有的儿童书籍。 check 还可用作名词，意为“支票，账单”。 4. anymore 也可写作 any more ，常用于 否定句 末尾， 表示“ 再也 ( 不 ) ； ( 不 ) 再 ”。相当于 not …any longer 。 e.g. You can have it, for I don’t need it anymore . 你可以用它，我不再需要了。 The doctor told me not to play computer games any longer . 医生告诉我不要再玩电脑 游戏 了。 5. — How long have you had that bike there? — I have had it for three years. how long, how soon, how often, how far How long “ 多久 , 多长 ( 时间 ) ” 。对时间段 提问 , 如 : for + 时间段 ； since + 过去的时间点 e.g. — How long have you worked in Beijing? — For five years. How soon 多久以后 ，对“ in+ 时间段提问，常用于一般将来时 ”，其答语常用“ in+ 时间段 ”。 e.g. — How soon will Mr. Li be back? — In a week. How often 多久一次 ，对频率提问，其答语为 : once (twice/…)+ 时间段 ， always ， usually 等。 e.g. — How often do you exercise? — Once a day . How far 多远 ，对距离提问，其答语是表距离的内容。 e.g. — How far is it from here to your school? — Three kilometers. 6. for&since for 其后只能接表示“ 一段时间 ”的名词性短 语，可用于多种时态，表示动作或状态持续 时间段长短。 e.g. I have lived in this city for five years. 我在这座城市居住了 5 年了。 He usually sleeps for twelve hours every day. 他通常每天睡 12 个小时。 since 其后接表示“ 时间点 ”的短语或从句（过去时），也可以接“ 一段时间 +ago ”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型：“ It is + 时间段 +since+ 一般过去时的句子 ”，表示过去某个时间发生并持续到说话时的动作或状态。 e.g. It is two years since I came to China. 自从我到中国以来已经两年了。 She has worked here for five years . = She has worked here since five years ago . 她在这儿工作 5 年了。 7. Jeff’s family is having a yard sale. sale 用作名词，意为“ 出售，销售 ”。 on sale 意为“ 出售，上市 ”； for sale 意为“ 待售，供 出售 ”，尤指从主人手里出售。 e.g. Chickens are on sale in the market. 小鸡在市场上出售。 I’m sorry, it’s not for sale. 抱歉，它不出售。 8. Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old things. 艾米认为卖掉她的旧东西很难。 It’s +adj. (+for sb.) to do sth. 意为 “（对某人来说）做某事是 …… 的 ”， it 是形式主语， 真正主语是后面的动词不定式。 e.g. It’s important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对于我们来说是很重要的。 9. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories . 艾米想保留她的旧东西，因为它们勾起她的甜蜜回忆。 memory 作名词意为“ 记忆；回忆 ”，复数形式为 memories ，动词为 memorize ，意为“ 记忆，背诵 ”。 e.g. She has a good memory. 她记忆力好。 1. The math problem is so hard. I really don’t know ______. A. how to do it B. how to do C. what to do it 2. — How do you like the scarf? — Very much. It feels ______. A. hard B. sweet C. cool D. soft I. 单项选择。 Exercises II. 翻译下列句子。 1. 他不知道如何去那儿。 He doesn’t know ____________________. 2. 这些照片唤起了我的甜蜜回忆。 These photos __________________________________. 3. 我妈妈经常让我帮助那些需要帮助的人。 My mother often told me ____________________________. how to get there bring back my sweet memories to help people in need 4. 我已经长大了，所以我不再需要它了。 I’ve grown up, so ________________________________. 5. 我早 / 晚到了两三分钟。 I arrived ____________________ early/late. 6. 看一看我们新商店的价格吧！ ___________ the prices at our new store! 7. 好长时间没见到你了。 I haven’t seen you _________________. I don’t need it anymore a couple of minutes Check out for a long time III. 选用 for 和 since 填空。 1.We haven’t seen each other _____ a long time. 2.His father has been in the factory _______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _____ 20 minutes. 4.Mr. Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead ___ several years. for since for since for 1. — ______ has he been there? — For twenty years. A. How far B. How often C. How long D. How soon 2. If you sit in a chair _______ a long time, your back may begin to hurt. A. at B. in C. on D. for 3. — I often have hamburgers for lunch. — You’d better not. It’s bad for you ____ too much junk food. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. ate C D IV. 单项选择。 B V. 根据提示完成句子。 1. The house has a small _______ ( 院子 ). 2. The pineapple was ________ ( 甜的 ). 3. All these facts were stored ( 储存 ) in his __________ ( 记忆 ). 4. Put your ________ ( 玩具 ) away now — it’s time for bed. 5. I like chocolates with _____ (not hard) centers. yard sweet memory toys soft （ 2019• 南通） — Is everyone here , Jonathan ? — No Sir . Millie is absent . She ___ for two days . A. has fallen ill B. has been ill C. fell ill D. was ill 中考链接 B 【解析】句意： “ 大家都在这吗， 乔纳森 ？”“ 不，米莉不在，她生病两天了。 ” 根据 for two days 可知动作发生在过去，持续了一段时间，故用现在完成时。故选 B 。 （ 2019· 四川广元） — How long have you ____ your cap? It looks cool. — About two weeks. A. borrowed B. bought C. had C 【 解析 】 考查现在完成时用法。句意： “ 你的帽子买了多久了？它看上去很酷。 ”“ 大约两星期。 ” borrowed 借入，是短暂性动词； bought 买，是短暂性动词； have had 是延续性动词，能用于现在完成时中一段时间的句子。根据 “ how long ” （多久）提问的是一段时间，可知选 C 。 Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your old things? Collect all your old things and think about: 1) Which one will you give away? Why? 2) Which one will you keep? Why? Homework Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years. 人教版八年级英语下册 Section A 3a-3c To understand the detailed information of the article. To retell the article. To learn new words: junior, clear, bedroom, own, railway, part, certain, honest, while, truthful … Objectives When do people usually have yard sales? What kinds of things do people sell in a yard sale? Why do people like to have a yard sale? What do you think of the yard sale? Read the article written by a father for a newspaper. What is his family going to sell at the yard sale? My children are growing up fast. My daughter is 16 and my boy is already in junior high school. As they get bigger, our house seems to get smaller. So we want to sell some of our things in a yard sale and give the money to a children’s home. 3a We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use. My son was quite sad at first. Although he has not played with his old toys for a long time, he still wanted to keep them. For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven. And he did not want to lose his toy monkey, either. He slept next to the monkey every night when he was a child. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now. I am getting older, too! Answer the question. What is the father’s family going to sell at the yard sale? They are going to sell old toys and football shirts at the yard sale. Fast reading 1. My daughter is 15 and my boy has already started junior high school. 2. Our house really get smaller. 3. My son was quite sad at first. 4. My daughter felt happy to part with certain toys. 5. I want to give up my football shirts. F F T F F Read the passage and choose true (T) or false (F). Read the article again and answer the questions. 1. Why did they decide to have a yard sale? They decided to have a yard sale because they have too many things in the house and don’t seem to have enough space. 2. What do they want to do with the money from the sale? They want to give the money to a children’s home. 3b 3. Why does the son want to keep his train and railway set? He wants to keep his train and railway set because he has had it since his fourth birthday and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven. 4. How can the old toys be useful again? Old toys can bring joy to children who don’t have the money to buy toys. 5. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? What would you do with the money you raise? Students’ answers. Find the words or phrases in the article which can be replaced with the ones below and write them next to the words. lose — ________ kids — ________ truthful — _______ many — ________ some time— _______ even though —_______ quickly— ______ older — __________ part with children honest a lot of a while although fast growing up 3c Discuss the question with your partner. Pair work Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? What would you do with the money you raise? animal shelter children’s home 1. We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms. 我们已经从卧室里清理出很多东西了。 clear v. 清理；清除 clear out 清理；丢掉 e.g. I’ll clear out that closet for you. 我要替你把那个小衣橱清理出来。 Language points 2. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use. 我们决定每人出售五件不再使用的物品。 (1) 此句中we no longer use是由that引导的定语 从句，修饰前面的名词 five things 。 (2) 句中 no longer 的意思是“ 不再；不复 ”， 有时可用 not ... any longer 或 not ... A nymore 替换。 e.g. He no longer lives here. (= He doesn’t live here anymore / any longer.) 他不再住这儿了。 3) each 在句中对we进行限定，表示 “ （ 两个或两 个以上的人或物中 ） 各自；每个 ”。 e.g. My sister and I each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 我和姐姐各有一本英汉词典。 3. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys. 1) certain adj. 意为“ 某种；某事；某人 ” e.g. He decided to sell his certain books. 他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。 [ 拓展 ] certain adj. 意为“ 确实的，无疑的 ” 常用结构： be certain to do sth. 肯定要做某事 be certain of/about sth. 对某事确定、有把握 be certain of doing sth. 有把握做某事 be certain + 从句 一定 …… e.g. He felt quite certain of success. 他对成功很有把握。 2) part with “ 放弃、交出 ” part v. “ 离开，分开 ” e.g. Don’t part with your dream. 不要放弃你的梦想。 4. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now. 1) as for 至于、关于 e.g. And as for us, we are fortunate. 对我们来说，我们是幸运的。 2) to be honest 意为“说 实在的，说实话 ”，经常单独使用，作插入语，用逗号与句子隔开。类似的表达还有 to tell the truth “ 老实说，说实话 ”。 e.g. To be honest , she is not an honest girl. 说实话，她不是一个诚实的女孩。 honest 为形容词， 意为 “诚实的；老实的 ” 反义词为 dishonest 不诚实的 。 e.g. An honest man does not tell lies. 诚实的人不说谎。 3) while n. “ 一段时间，一会儿 ” while 还可用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“ 当 …… 的时候 ”， while 引导的时间状语从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 e.g. They chatted away happily for a while. 他们高兴地闲聊了一会儿。 He kept in touch with us while he was on vacation. 他在度假期间仍与我们保持联系。 I. 单项选择。 1. My best friend Tom is ____ honest boy. You can believe him. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. —Is Mr. Smith still in Shanghai? —Yes, he ____ there for two months. A. has been B. has gone C. has been to D. has gone to Exercises 3. — Jim is a(n) ______ young man. — That’s true. He always tells the truth. A. friendly B. shy C. honest D. lively 4. — Look! Some people are running the red lights. — We should wait ______ others are breaking the rule. A. if B. unless C. although D. because II. 根据提示完成句子。 1. Dad was _________ (tidy) up in the kitchen. 2. Our home has three ___________ (rooms used for sleeping in). 3. The cinema is ____________ ( 不再 ) used. 4. I’ve never _________ (have) a bike in my life. 5. We live close to the __________ ( 铁路 ) line. clearing bedrooms no longer owned railway 6. To be ________ (separate) from him even for two days made her sad. 7. For _________ ( 某种 ) reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting. 8. I’d like you to give me an ________ ( 诚实的 ) answer. 9. I only stayed for a short _______ ( 一会儿 ) . 10. Are you being quite __________ (honest) with me? parted certain honest while truthful III. 翻译下列句子。 1. 她已经从厨房里清理出了许多东西。 She has already _____________________ ___________________________. 2. 他的希望破灭了。 He _________ felt any hope. 3. 为了筹款，简不得不把她的车卖掉。 In order to raise money, Jane _________________________. cleared out a lot of things from the kitchen no longer had to part with her car 4. 我好长时间没见到他了。 I haven’t seen him _____________. 5. 至于你，你应该感到惭愧。 ___________ , you ought to be ashamed of yourself. 6. 她不会轻易放弃的 , 她十分顽强。 ________________________. She’s a real fighter. 7. 说实话，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。 _______________, I don’t think we have a chance of winning. As for you She won’t give up easily To be honest for a while （ 2019• 营口） I like this watch very much. I ___ it for five years. A . have had B . had C . have bought D . bought 中考链接 A 【 解析 】 句意： 我非常喜欢这块手表。我买了五年了 。 根据 for five years 可知用现在完成时，动词用延续性动词， buy 是短暂性动词，不能和 for+ 一段时间连用，应用延续性动词 have ，其过去分词是 had 。 故选 A 。 Retell the article. You can use the sentences according to the keys of 3b. 2.Write a passage about what you would do with the money raised from a yard sale. Homework Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years. 人教 版 八 年 级英语下册 Section A Grammar Focus-4c To learn the usage of for and since. To use the Grammar Focus sentences to cre ate simple conversation. To review the present perfect tense. To learn new word: hometown… Objectives Review Group Work You’re having a yard sale. What would you do with the money you raise? Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时 表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“ for+ 时间段 ”、“ since+ 过去时间点 ”、“ since+ 过去时的从句 ”、“ since+ 一段时间 +ago ” 。且 for 与 since 引导的时间状语可以相互转换。 e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years. = My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago. I’ve lived here  since  1990 ． 自从 1990 年以来我就住在这里。    I haven’t seen him  for  three years. 我三年没有看见他了。    She’s been at this school  since  five years ago.   自从五年前她就在这个学校 。 含 有 for ， since 的现在完成时的用法歌诀 : 过去的动作或状态 ， 一 直持续到现在 ， for 、 since 把时间带。    for 与 since 都能与现在完成时连用，但区别较大： （ 1 ） for 后须接“时间段” e.g. He has studied English for five years. 他学英语 5 年了。 （ 2 ） since 后须接“时间点” e.g. He has studied English since 1999. 他从1999年开始学英语。 for 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用 （ 3 ）二 者可以转换 for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago e.g. He has been here for five weeks. = He has been here since five weeks ago. 他到这儿已经有五个星期了。 （ 4 ） since 能引导时间状语从 句（主句 用现在 完 成 时，从句用一般过去时 ）， 而 for 则不能 。 e.g . He has taught here since he came to China . 自 从他来到中国就在这儿教书。 （ 5 ） 现在完成时常用句型： ①It is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或从 句 e.g . It is four days since last Friday. 从 上周五到现在已经四天了。 It has been two years since Jim came to Beijing . 吉 姆来北京已经两年了。 ②This is the first (second…) time that + 从句 句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。 e.g. This is the first time that Jenny and Danny have been to China. 这是珍妮和丹妮第一次 来 中 国 。 This is the third time that I have seen Karen . 这是我第三次见 到 凯伦 。 （ 6 ） 均须与延续性动词连用，也可以与非延 续性动词的否定式连用 。 e.g. I have had this computer since four years ago . I haven’t bought anything for two months. I haven’t heard from him for 3 weeks. （ 7 ） 二者引出的时间状语往往用 how long 提问 。 e.g . — How long have you had this book? — For a week./Since a week ago. — 这 本书你买多久了 ? — 买 一周了。 1. 转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。 borrow — keep buy — have put on — wear catch a cold — have a cold get to know — know get to sleep — sleep 非延续性动词和延续性动词之间的转换 2. 转化为“ be + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词 / 名词” begin / start — be on go out — be out close — be closed open — be open get to/arrive/reach — be (in) die — be dead leave — be away finish — be over fall asleep — be asleep join — be in/be a member of become — be make friends — be friends come/go/ — be + 相应的介词短语 The old man died 4 years ago. — The old man has been dead for 4 years. It is 4 years since the old man died . — Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. — He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. — I have had the book for 5 days. e.g. I. 选 择for或 since 填 空 。 1. I have been here ________ five months ago. 2. He has been a soldier _____ about two months. 3. Great changes have taken place ________ you left. 4. His grandpa has been dead _____ ten years. 5. I have studied English ____ ___ I was 12 years old . 6. It is two years ________ I became a postgraduate student. since for since for since since Exercises 1. She _______ this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept 2. Ten years has passed ____ the CCTV event People Who Moved China took place in 2002. A. when B. while C. before D. since II. 单 项选择。 ✔ ✔ How long have you had that bike over there? I’ve had it for three years. How long has his son owned the train and railway set ? He’s owned it since his fourth birthday. Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now. Grammar Focus Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. __________________________________ 2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. ____________________________________ Rewrite the sentences using for or since . Jim has been in Japan for three days. They haven’t eaten for ten hours. 4 a 3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. _______________________________ 4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. ___________________________________ 5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. ____________________________________ I have had a camera since 2009. I have known Anna for three years. Linda has been ill since Monday. 1. I ___________ __ _____ (never be) to the water park before. Iwant to ____ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold. 2. They _____________________ ( never own) any pets , but they ______________________ ( always want) to have a dog . 3. We__________ (have) a piano since last Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. have never been go have never owned have always wanted have had 4b November . We _________ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year. 4. Cathy and Amy _____________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They ______ ( miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year . 5. This museum __________ (be) here for over 20 years . It _____ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town . bought haven’t been miss has been is Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart. 1. Do you have a (n)_________? How long have you had it? 2. Do you own a (n)__________? How long have you owned it? Things How long Tony favorite book for two years basketball since he was 10 years old student 1 student 2 4c I. 单项选择。 1. Miss Liu has taught English ___ she came here. A. since B. as C. when D. for 2. — Look at these stamps. I  ___ them for five years.    — Wow, they are wonderful. A. kept   B . have kept    C. have bought Exercises 3. My sister has learnt English ______.     A. for twelve years ago      B. since she was four    C. twelve years ago          D. at the age of four4. She _____ the book ______ two days ago. A . has borrowed; since   B . has kept; since  C . kept; for 5. — Did you borrow the comic book from the library? — Yes, I ______ it for three days. I’ll return it this afternoon . A. borrowed B . kept C . have borrowed D . have kept 1. We have lived here _______ 1990. 2. — How long have you studied here? — ______ 5 years. 3. The boy has had a bad cold ______ last night. 4. I have waited ______ two hours. 5. Mr. Huang has kept the book ______ last month . 6. I have taught in the school ______ I came here . since since For II. 用 for 和 since 完成句子。 for since since 7 . We have been friends ______ a long time. 8. I have been in Nanjing ______ eight years . 9. Sally has been away from London ______ last Saturday . 10. Our school has changed a lot ______ the new building was built. 11. Tommy has had this motorcycle ____ three years. 12. My parents have been married ____ 20 years . since for for since for for III. 按要求改写句子。 1. The class was over ten minutes ago. ( 同义句转化 ) The class _________________ for ten minutes. 2. His grandpa died in 2004. ( 同义句转化 ) His grandpa _________________ for 10 years. 3. The exhibition has been on for three days . ( 同义句转化 ) The exhibition ______________ three days ago . has been over has been dead started/began 4. My parents got married 25 years ago. ( 同义句转化 ) My parents __________________ for 25 years. 5. I bought the MP3 last week. ( 同义句转化 ) I __________ the MP3 for a week. 6. Kitty joined the Reading Club last year. ( 同义句转化 ) Kitty __________________ __ _____ the Reading Club since last year. have had has been a member of have been married 7. My uncle began to teach Chinese when he was 23. ( 同义句转化 ) My uncle has _______ Chinese _____ he was 23. 8. We haven’t seen each other for 2 years. ( 同义句转化 ) It’s two years ______ we last ______. 9. The meeting has been over for an hour . ( 对划线部分提问 ) _____ __ ____ has the meeting been over? 　　 　　 taught since since met How long IV. 根 据汉语提示，完成下面的句子。 1. 你上个星期五就借了我的 书，还 没有看完吗？ You ______ _ ___ my book ______ last Friday . Haven’t you finished reading it? 2. 我从七点起就开始等了。 I have waited _______ _ _____________. 3. 她已经到达公司半个小 时了。 She has been in the company ______ _ ________. have kept since since seven o’clock for half an hour have kept since since seven o’clock for half an hour 4. 他离开家已经 10 年了。 He has been away from home ______________. 5. 足球赛已经开始 15 分钟了。 The football match _________________ 15 minutes. 6. 他从去年起加入了篮球俱乐部。 He has been a member of the Basketball Club __________________. for ten years has been on for since last year 7. 这本字典我已买了三年了 。 I have had this dictionary for three years . 8. 他离开中国三年了 。 He has been away from China for three years. 9. 我认识他们已经五年了 。 I have known them for five years. 10. 他们已去美国五年了。     They have been in the USA for five years. 11. 自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。 He has been here since he moved to Jining .   12. 自从 1999 年以来他们就认识。   They have known each other since 1999. （ 2019 · 四川眉 山） — Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it? — In October. I it for two months. A . had B . b ought C . have had D . have bought C 中考链接 【 解析 】 句 意 “ 你 的新手表很漂亮，你什么时候买的 ？ ”,“ 10 月份，我已经买两个月了 ” 。 A. 一般过去时； B. 一般过去时； C. 现在完成时； D. 现在完成时。根据 for two months 可知，用现在完成时，排除 A 和 B ；且 buy 为瞬间动词，不与一段时间连用，可以转换为延续性动词 have ，故选 C 。 U9 S - （2019•淮安 ） — Where are the teachers now ? — In the meeting room . They _____ the meeting for 10 minutes . A . have begun B . have been on C . have had D . have been held C 【 解析 】 句意 ：“ 老师们现在在哪里 ？ ”，“ 在会议室 里 ， 他 们已经开会 10 分钟了 。 ” 。 根 据 for 10 minutes 可知应用现在完成时，动词用延续性动词。 begin 是短暂性动词； be on 进行，主语应是 the meeting ； have been held 是被动语态，主语应是 the meeting 。 故 选 C 。 Review the Grammar Focus and tell the differences between for and since . Homework Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years. 人教版八年级英语下册 Section B 1a-1d Objectives To learn to understand the vocabulary. To learn to listen for specific information. To learn to talk about your town/city. This is my hometown. It is lovely. Let me show you the places in my city. Warming up a primary school/ I was little a hill/ hundreds of years a park/ last year a library/ last August a supermarket/ 3 years a hotel/ at least 10 years A: Is there a/an … in your hometown? A: How long has it been around? ____ a museum ____ a primary school ____ a bridge ____ a zoo ____ a park ____ a hill ____ a library ____ a river Check (✓) the places or things you can find in your town or city. 1a Does Martin like Jenny’s hometown? 2. Does Jenny still live in her hometown? Listen and answer the questions. No, she doesn’t. She’s been away for the past few years. Yes, he thinks Jenny’s hometown is really beautiful. 1b 3. What is behind the science museum? What do people do there on weekends? There’s a really big park behind the museum. Many families go there on weekends to let their kids run around and climb the hills. Listen again and fill in the chart about the places in Jenny’s hometown. Place New or old? How long has it been there? town library science museum restaurant down the street old around hundreds of years new since last August old for as long as Jenny can remember 1c Listen again and fill in the blank. Jenny’s hometown is really __________. She ______ ________________ for the past few years. It’s _______ interesting places to see & things to do. One of the oldest buildings in the town is the library. It’s been around for ____________of years. Next to the library is the new science museum. It’s only been there since ___________. There’s a big park __________ the museum. Many families go there on weekends to let the kids ___________ and climb the hills. There’s a restaurant down the street. It’s been around for _________________________. It serves the best food in town. beautiful been away full of hundreds last August run around behind as long as she can remember has A: My city is lovely. B: What are some of the special places there? A: Well, there’s a concert hall there. It’s been around for at least 20 years. Talk about your town/city with a partner. 1d Example: A: My city is wonderful. B: What are some of the special places there? A: Well, there’s a beautiful park there. It was first built in 1998. The golden dragon on the Fenhe River is a landmark ( 界标 ) of the Fenhe Park, attracting tourists and local residents ( 居民 ) everyday. Even though it’s old, it ’s full of interesting places to see and things to do. 1) even though 和 even if 两者均可用于引导让步状语从句，其细微区别是： even if 引导的从句往往是假设性的，相当于汉语的“即使”“纵然”“就算”“哪怕”。 even though 引导的从句内容往往是真实的，主要用于引出不利于主句情况的信息，相当于汉语的“尽管”“虽然”。 不过，在实际语言运用中， even if 与 even though 有时也可不加区别地混用。 Language points 即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。 Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 他尽管经验最少，但教得最好。 He’s the best teacher even though he has the least experience. 尽管她嘲笑他，他还是很喜欢她。 Even if / Even though she laughs at him, he likes her. 虽然我们已尽了最大的力量，但还是输了。 Although/Though/Even though we all tried our best, we lost the game. 我们输了，然而我们已尽了最大的力量。 We lost the game although/though/even though we tried our best. 2) although 和 (even) though 均可用于句首或从句之首。 though 多用于非正式文体中，较为通俗。 3) be full of = be filled with 充满，装满 瓶子里装满了水。 The bottle is filled with water. 满屋浓烟 。 The room  is filled with  heavy smoke. 香槟酒有很多气泡。 Champagne ( 香槟酒 ) is full of bubbles ( 气泡 ). 2. Yes, that’s one of the oldest buildings in this town. one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数 + 表示范围的短语或从句 , 表示“最 …… 之一”。 中国是世界上最大的国家之一。 China is one of the largest countries in the world.  当教师最重要的一个品性就是要有耐心。 Patience is one of the most important attributes in a teacher. 3. It’s been around for as long as I can remember. as … as … 意为“和 …… 一样”，表示同级的比较。 其基本用法为：“ as + adj. / adv. + as …” 。 其否定式为： “ not as + adj. / adv . + as … ” 。 他英语说的和你一样流利。 He speaks English as fluently as you. 这部字典不如你想象的那样有用。 This dictionary is not as useful as you think it is. 4. It’s been around for at least 20 years. at least “ 至少” 我至少在十岁以前一直怕狗。 I was afraid of dogs until I was at least ten. 停电时我们至少可以使用蜡烛。 At least we can use candles if the electricity fails. 根 据提示完成句子。 1. 尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。 He went out _____________________________. 2. 花园里万紫千红。 The garden ______________ colorful flowers. 3. 这是多年来最冷的秋天。 It’s been ___________________________ for years. 4. 安全的问题怎么办 ? _____________ the question of security?   even though it was raining is full of one of the coldest autumns What about Exercises 5. 我妈妈不会让我去超市的。 My mother wouldn’t ______________ the  supermarket.  6. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。 This film is __________________ that one (is). 7. 修理你的汽车至少要 100 英镑。 Repairing your car will cost __________ ￡ 100. let me go to as interesting as at least （2019•北京） Our school life______a lot since 2017. We have more activities now. A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed U10 SA 1a-1c 中考链接 D 【答案】 D 【解析】句意：自 2007 年以来，我们的学校 生活发生了很大变化，我们现在有更多的 活 动。根据句意。结合时间状语 since 2017 可知，要用现在完成时，故选 D 。 Write about your town/city or any other beautiful city in the world. Homework Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years. 人教版八年级英语下册 Section B 2a-2d Objectives To learn about Hometown Feelings and understand the main idea of the passage. To learn new words: nowadays, search, among, shame, regard, count, opposite,especially, consider, hold … Many Chinese leave their hometown to the cities. Warming up Why do they leave their hometown? Why do parents leave hometown every year? To search for work . look for What new buildings does the government usually build in towns and villages? delicious food good/terrible weather beautiful scenery sweet memories high/a lot of hills heavy traffic busy/clean street tall/old/new buildings friendly people … Hometown feelings 1. Why do millions of Chinese leave the countryside every year? Answer the questions before you read. Then read the passage to find out if your answers are the same as in the passage. Millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities. 2a 2. How often do you think these people visit their hometowns? 3. What new buildings does the government usually build in towns and villages? They may only visit their hometowns once or twice a year. Some people even have no time to return home. Large hospitals, new roads, new schools, parks and so on. Using Previous Knowledge We can often guess what a text is about by using what we already know. Answering questions before we read can also help us do this. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities. Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year- old husband and father. Hometown Feelings He has lived in Wenzhou for the last 13 years. With a hard job in a crayon factory, he doesn’t find much time to visit his hometown. “I used to return home at least once a year, but I haven’t been back for almost three years now. It’s a shame, but I just don’t have the time,” he says. Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed. Perhaps large hospitals and new roads have appeared. In many places, the government has also built new schools and sent teachers from the cities to help. “I noticed that’s true of my hometown,” adds Zhong Wei. “Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century. But now the buildings are really old. I hear they’re going to build a new school there.” Zhong Wei thinks such developments are good, and he also knows that his hometown cannot always stay the same. According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change. “ In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school. It is still there and has become quite a symbol of the place. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holidays. It was such a happy childhood. Our hometown has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts.” Find expressions in the passage that have the same meanings as these words and phrases. 1. look for _________ 2. consider _________ 3. across from __________ 4. in one’s opinion _______________ 5. go back _______ 6. changes _____________ 7. area _____________ search regard opposite according to sb. return developments place 2b Complete the summary with words from the passage. You may need to change the forms of the words. Many Chinese people these days leave their __________ to work in the ________. They usually ____________ to their hometowns one or two times a ______. Zhong Wei hasn’t been back in close to three years. He has been working in a _________ factory in Wenzhou for the past 13 years. hometowns cities return year crayon 2c People like him are ___________ in how their hometowns are changing. New buildings are often built by the ___________. Zhong Wei thinks these changes are _______because things need to change in order to become better. But he also thinks some things __________ change, and his hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood ___________. interested government good will never memories Think of changes that are happening in your town or city today. Which changes are generally good? Which changes could be seen as bad? 2d search 作不及物动词时，意为“搜索；搜查” 。 search for 意为“ 搜寻，找寻 ”。 e.g. He is searching for his sunglasses. 他正在找他的太阳镜。 【拓展】 作及物动词，意为“在 ······ 搜查”或“搜查”。 e.g. They searched the forest for the lost child. 他们在森林里寻找那个走失的小孩。 1. Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities. Language points among prep . 在三者或三者以上之间 e.g. Tom sits among the students. 汤姆坐在学生之间。 between prep . 在两者之间 e.g. Tom sits between Mary and Frank. 汤姆坐在玛丽和弗兰克之间。 among 与 between 2. Among these is Zhang Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. a 46-year-old husband and father 意为“一位 46 岁的丈夫和父亲”， 46-year-old 是一个复合形容词，特点“ 一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词用单数形式 ”。 e.g. Tom is a 10-year-old boy. = Tom is a boy of 10 years old . 汤姆是一个 10 岁的男孩。 Lily is an 8-year-old girl. 莉莉是一个 8 岁的女孩。 【拓展】 另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构是： 数词 + 连字符 + 名词，或数词 + 名词的所有格。 e.g. a two-month holiday = a two months’ holiday 一个为期两个月的假期。 ten-minute walk/drive/ride = ten minutes’ walk/drive/ride 步行 / 开车 / 骑车 10 分钟的路程 shame 不可数名词，意为“羞耻；羞愧；惭愧” 。 e.g. It’s a shame (that) you can’t stay for dinner. 你不能留下来吃晚饭，真遗憾。 【拓展】相关短语： to one’s shame “令人感到羞愧的是” feel shame at … “因 ······ 而感到羞愧” in shame “羞愧的” have no shame “无羞耻心” 3. …It’s a shame , but I just don’t have the time,… regard 及物动词，意为“ 将 ······ 认为；把 ······ 视为 ”。 常用短语 regard…as… 意为“ 将 ······ 视为 ······ ；把 ······ 当做 ······ ” ， as 为介词， 其后接名词或代词。 e.g. I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当做我最好的朋友。 We regard him as our brother. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。 4. Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed. century ，可数名词，意为“世纪；百年”， 其复数形式为 centuries 。 e.g. the mid-20th century 20 世纪中期 an eighteenth-century writer 一名 18 世纪的作家 A hundred years is a century . 一百年是一个世纪。 5. Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century . according to 意为“ 依照，按照 ”， to 为介词， 后接名词、代词或从句。 e.g. He divided them into three groups according to age. 他把他们按年龄分成三组。 6. According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change. 7. consider 动词 ，意为“ 考虑 ”， =think about ，后跟名词、代词、动名词、宾语从句或“疑问词 + 不定式”。 e.g. Please consider my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。 I am considering changing my job. 我正在考虑换份工作。 He has never considered how to solve that problem. 他从未考虑过如何解决那个问题。 【拓展】 在与动词连用时， 只能用动名词形式的动词或短语有 ： consider 考虑 enjoy 喜爱 practice 练习 keep (on) 继续（一直） mind 介意 finish 完成 have fun 高兴 feel like 想要 look forward to 盼望 can’t help 禁不住 give up 放弃 歌诀： 喜欢错过别介意， 完成愉快勤练习， 禁不住考虑想放弃 单项选 择。 1. I don’t believe that this ___ boy can paint such a nice picture. A. five year olds B. five-years-old C. five-year-old 2. According ____ Mr. Wang, we’ll go on a trip this weekend. A. in B. to C. at D. for Exercises 3. Look! She’s standing ___ the ten children. A. among B. between C. of D. from 4. — Jackie Chan has donated ______ dollars to the charity. — He is an example to us all. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of 5. --Can you give me some information about vacation trips? -- Why not ___ going to Hainan Island? A. consider B. mind C. keep D. think 6. --Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival ( 桃花节 )? --Yes. The flowers were beautiful. Bees were flying ___them. A. in B. among C. between D. through 7. Nowadays millions of Chinese leave the countryside to _____ for the work in cities. A. looked B. search C. find D. see 8. Mr. Jack _____ China for several years. A. has been to B. has come to C. has been in D. came to （2019•安徽） —It's ten years since we came here. —How time flies! We ____ in China for so long. A. work B. worked C. will work D. have worked U10 SA 1a-1c 中考链接 D 【答案】 D 【解析】句意： — 我们来这里已经十年了。 — 时光飞逝 ！ 我们在中国工作这么久了。 根据句意及时间状语 for so long 可知此处应 用现在完成时，故选 D 。 Discuss with your partners to share what changes your hometown has had these years. And tell why these changes have taken place. Homework Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years. 人教 版 八 年 级英语下册 Section B 3a-Self Check Objectives To learn to talk about things from childhood and write a short passage. To review the Present perfect tense . 1. How long have you had it? 2. How did you get it? Did someone give it to you? Who? 3. Why do you like it so much? Why is it special? 4. Can you say anything more about it? Think about your favorite thing from childhood which you still have. For example, it can be a toy or a book. Then take notes using the questions. 3a In the first paragraph, introduce your favorite thing. My favorite thing from childhood is _______. I’ve had it for / since ______. ______ gave it to me. In the second paragraph, talk about why it is special. I like ______ so much because ______. It’s special to me because _______. I think ______. In the third paragraph, write about a story or memories. ______ has given me many memories. I remember when ______. Write three paragraphs about your favorite thing. Use your notes in 3a to help you. 3b My favorite thing from childhood is a toy car. I have had it for 6 years. My father gave it to me when I was five years old. I like it so much because I played with it every day until I went to school . It’s special to me because it was my fifth birthday gift that my father bought. Sample 1 The toy car has given me many memories. I remember when I was seven I still played with it. I would never go to bed without it. One day I couldn’t find it after I returned home from school. I asked my parents to help me find it. We looked for it everywhere until my mother found it under my bed. My favorite thing from childhood is my teddy bear. I’ve had it since I was five years old. My grandmother gave it to me on my birthday. I like the teddy bear so much because it’s dressed in my favorite color. It’s special to me because my grandmother made it for me. I think I will keep it forever to remind me of my grandmother. The teddy bear has given me many good memories. I remember when I was young and I was scared at night because I didn’t like the dark, I held my teddy bear to feel safe. Sample 2 I haven’t been to a museum ___________________ . 2. I haven’t written a letter _____________. 3. I haven’t ridden a bike _______________________. 1 Complete the sentences using for or since . since four years ago for five years for more than half a year Self Check 4. I haven’t seen a movie __________________. 5. I haven’t played computer games ____________. for several months since last year A: Hey Eric, _______ you enjoyed your time in Beijing so far? B: Yes, it ______ been great! Everyone is so friendly. A: How long _______ you been in China now? B: Oh, I __________ here _____ about two years now. 2 Complete the conversation. have has have have been for A: Wow, that means you haven’t_________ back to the US for two years? B: No, I _______ been back twice _______ moving to China. _______ you been to the US before, Li Juan? A: Yes, I went there once when I ____ 10 years old , but I ______ not been back ______ then. been have since Have was have since 　 1. Both  his  parents  look  sad. Maybe they   ________what’s  happened  to  him . A. knew   B. have known   C. must know   D. will know 2. He  has  _____ been  to  Shanghai , has  he ? 　 A. already     B. never     C. ever     D. still Ⅰ. 单 项选择。 Exercises 3. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years. A. is   writing    B. was   writing    C. wrote   D. has   written 4. -- Our country  ______ a lot so far . 　 -- Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . A. has   changed ; well   B. changed ; good C. has   changed ; better D. changed ; better 　 5. Zhao Lan ______already  ______in this school for two years . A. was ; studying               B. will ; study 　 C. has ; studied                 D. are ; studying 6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know    B. had   known   C. have   known   D. knew 7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice . 　　 A. will   see      B. have seen     C. saw    D. see 8. – These farmers have been to the United States. 　 – Really?When _____  there ? 　　 A. will they  go       B. did they go 　　 C. do   they go      D. have they gone 9. -- ______ you ___ your  homework yet ? 　 -- Yes. I _____  it a  moment   ago . A.   Did; do; finished     B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished   D. Will; do; finish 10.-- How long have you  ____ here? 　 -- About two months. 　　 A. been     B. gone      C. come   D. arrived 11. Hurry  up! The  play _____ for ten minutes . 　　 A. has begun B. had   begun C. has   been   on D. began 12. It  _____ ten years since he left the army . 　 A. is    B. has     C. will     D. was 13. Miss Green  isn’t   in the  office. She _____ to the  library . 　 A. has   gone   B. went    C. will   go   D. has  been 14. The students have cleaned the classroom, _____ ? 　 A. so they   B. don’t they   C. have they   D . haven’t they 15. ______ has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he  _______  to China? How soon; comes     B. How often; got   C. How long; came      D . How far; arrived 16. His uncle  _____ for more than 9 years. A . has come here      B . has started to work C . has lived there      D . has left the university The old man _______ last year. He _____________ for a year. (die ) （ 动 词填空） 2. This factory opened twenty years ago. （ 同 义句转换 ） This factory _____________ for twenty years. Ⅱ. 句型转换 。 died has been dead has been open 3. Her mother has been a Party member for three years. （ 同义句 ） Her mother ________ the Party three years _____ . 4. The Green Family moved to France two years ago . （ 同义句转换 ） ______ two years _______ the Green family moved to France. joined ago It is since 5. Miss Gao left an hour ago . （ 同 义句转换 ） Miss Gao _____ _____ _____ ______ an hour ago . 6. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago . （ 把两个句子合并成 一 个句子 ） ___________________________________ has been away since The bus has been here for ten minutes. 1. 据约翰 说，你 上星期在爱丁堡。 ____________ John, you were in Edinburgh last week. 2. 由于所有人都外出度假去了，房子里很安静。 ____________________________, the house was very quiet. Ⅲ. 翻译下面的句子。 According to With everyone away on holiday 3. 真遗憾你明天就得回美国了。 _______________ you have to go back to America tomorrow. 4. 她站得离壁炉太近了，衣服烧着了。 She was standing ____________ the fireplace and her dress caught fire. 5. 友情给我的心底留下了很深的记忆。 Friendship _______________________ _________. It’s a shame that too close to has left a deep memory in my heart U10 SA 1a-1c （2019•广东） My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. A. was working B . is working C. has worked D . will work 中考链接 C 【答案】 C 【解析】句意：我父亲已经在熊猫保护 中 心 工作了 10 年，所以他对熊猫了解很多 。 由 句意和时间状语 for 10 years 可知句此 处 应 用现在完成时，故选 C 。 （ 2019 四川广元 ） — How long have you __________ your cap? It looks cool. —About two weeks. A . borrowed B . bought C . had C 【答案】 C 【解析】 考查现在完成时用法。 句意 ： — 你 的帽子买了多久了？它看上去很酷 。 — 大 约两星期。 borrowed 借入，是短暂性动词； bought 买，是短暂性动词； have had 是延续性动词，能用于现在完成时中一段时间的句子。根据 “how long” （多久）提问的是一段时间，可知选 C 。 1. Write a short passage about your favorite thing, use the useful sentences in 3b. 2. Remember the words, phrases and sentences in this unit. Homework