2020-2021学年初三英语上册知识点总结 7页

九年级上学期英语知识点 ‎【篇一】 1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。 Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。 2.By: ①通过…..方式(途径)。例：I learn English by listening to tapes. ②在…..旁边。例：by the window/the door ③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car ④在……之前，到……为止。例：by October在10月前 ⑤被 例：English is spoken by many people. 3.how与what的区别： how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样 如何，通常用来做状语、表语。 what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为 什么，通常做宾语，主语。 ①How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.(how表示程度 做表语) ②How did you travel around the world? I travel by air. ③What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects. ① What…think of…? How…like…? ② What…do with…? How…deal with…? ③ What…like about…? How…like…? ④ What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today? ⑤ What to do? How to do it? e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book? I don’t know what I should do with the matter.=I don’t know how I should deal with it. What do you like about China?=How do you like China? I don’t know what to do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next step? ㊣ What good / bad weather it is today!(weather为不可数名词，其前不能加 a ) ㊣ What a fine / bad day it is today! (day为可数名词，其前要加 a ) 4. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 : 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。 如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 5. voice 指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。 ‎ sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。 noise 指噪音、吵闹声 6. find + 宾语 + 宾补(名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等) 例：I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden. We found him in bed. He found the window closed. We found her honest. 7. 常见的系动词有： ①是：am 、is、 are ②保持：keep、 stay ③ 转变：become、 get、 turn ④ ……起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound 8. get + 宾语+宾补(形容词 过去分词 动词不定式) 使某种情况发生 例：Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净 Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来 I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车 You can’t get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着 9. 动词不定式做定语 ①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系 The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come. ②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系 I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with. I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in. 10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词 11. add 补充说 又说 12. join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员 attend 出席参加会议或讲座 join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。 13.all、 both、 always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为：all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody. 14. be afraid of doing sth. / sth.害怕 be afraid of being alone be afraid to do sth.害怕 be afraid that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气 15.either：①放在否定句末表示“也” ②两者中的“任一” ③either…or…或者…或者.…引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则 16.complete完成，是个较正式的词，后不能接动名词 finish指日常事物的完成 17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。 ‎ 例：Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl. 18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing….. 干…..遇到麻烦，困难 19.unless 除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 例：My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry. =My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry. Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident. 如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。 20.instead: adv. 代替，更换。 例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead? 我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗? It will take days by car, so let’s fly instead. 开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。 Tom was ill, so I went instead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。 instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换 例：Let’s play cards instead of watching TV. We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes. Give me the red one instead of the green one. 21.spoken 口头的，口语的。spoken English 口头英语 speaking 讲话的，说某种语言的。Speaking skills讲英语的能力 22. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 23. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 24. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 25. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如： I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 26.be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如： I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 ‎ ‎27. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如： The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ② end up with sth. 以…结束 如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 28. first of all 首先 to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随 29. also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间 either 也(用于否定句)常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末=as well 30. make mistakes 犯错 mistake sb. for …把……错认为…… make mistakes (in) doing sth. 在干某事方面出错 by mistake 错误地;由于搞错 mistake---mistook----mistaken 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。 I mistook him for his brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。 make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。 31. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人) 如：Don’t laugh at me!不要取笑我! 32. take notes 做笔记，做记录 33. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。 34. native speaker 说本族语的人 35. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词 形式 …其中之一 如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是欢迎的教师之一。 36. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事… 如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English 37. practice doing 练习做某事 如： She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。 38. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如： LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。 39. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem. 40. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 ‎ 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。 41. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如： I was angry with her. 我对她生气。 42. perhaps === maybe 也许 43. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。 44. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生 see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如： 如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。 45. each other 彼此 46. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如： The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。 47. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk much too 太 修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful 48. change… into… 将…变为… 如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。 49. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help 在李雷的帮助下 50. compare … to … 把…与…相比 如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。 【篇二】 动词不定式 一. 定义： 由to+动词原形构成。不定式是一种非限定性动词。而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，可分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。“动词不定式”由动词+不定式构成。动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。 二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形 (1)作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。 如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。 如： It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? It+be+形容词+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. ‎ It+be+形容词+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says. It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，impossible，necessary 等; 在句型中，常用careless，clever，good，foolish，honest，kind，lazy，nice，right，silly，stupid，wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。 在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ，如：It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English. (3)举例 (1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy,　difficult,　hard,　important,　possible,　impossible,　comfortable,　necessary,　better; the first,　the next,　the last,　the best,　too much,　too little,　not enough 1、It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。 2、It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 (2) It's very kind of him to help us.　他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind,　nice,　stupid,　rude,　clever,　foolish,　thoughtful,　thoughtless,　brave,　considerate(考虑周到的),　silly,　selfish(自私的) 例句: 1、It was silly of us to believe him.　我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 2、It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.　他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意： (1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型 (2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 (3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 (对)To see is to believe.　眼见为实。 (错)It is to believe to see. 三. 动词不定式作宾语 后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。 1、We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。 2、The man decided to do it herself. 那个男人决定自己做那件事。 动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点) 1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： remember to do 记住要做某事 ‎ remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事 2. 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。 如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现很难入睡。‎