人教初三英语上unit语法讲解及练习 6页

‎ Unit 1: How do you study for a test?‎ ‎ 【重点短语】‎ 查阅 ‎ 组成;编造 ‎ 取笑（某人） ‎ 谈论，讨论 ‎ 与某人说话 ‎ 将…视为.. ‎ 突然中止;中断 ‎ 以…结束 ‎ 犯错误 ‎ 不敢去做 ‎ 一点也不 ‎ 英语口语 ‎ 做笔记 ‎ 处理 ‎ ‎（时间) 过去 ‎ 在某人的帮助下 ‎ ‎= ‎ 决定做某事 ‎ 练习做某事 ‎ 担心某人/ 某事 ‎ ‎= ‎ 尽某人最大努力 ‎ 对某人感到生气 ‎ 愉快地做某事 ‎ 做某事有困难 ‎ ‎ 【重点语法】‎ 1. ‎ 动名词 在动词后加ing为动名词doing，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。‎ ‎(1)作主语（谓语为第三人称单数）‎ Memorizing the words of pop songs also helps a little.记流行歌曲的词也起作用。‎ Swimming is good for our health.‎ ‎(2)作宾语 在动词(keeppracticefinish enjoyhatebe busymind) 后只用—ing 作宾语 Eg. We should keep speaking English in class.‎ ‎ He often practices singing in the morning.‎ ‎ I have finished reading the book. ‎ Would you mind opening the door?‎ (3) 作表语 Babysister’s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children.‎ ‎(4)作定语 I think that doing a lot of listening practice is one of the secrets……‎ ‎2. 动词不定式及动名词在句中成分 ‎ (1)做定语—后置 The best way to learn English is reading aloud.‎ The fastest way to travel is by plane ‎ ‎(2)与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系 I need a pen to write with. ‎ I don’t have a partner to practice English with.‎ I need some paper to write on. ‎ I don’t have a room to live in.‎ 3. 现在完成时复习 A. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。‎ ‎【常用时间状语】recently, lately, since+时间点, for+数字+时间名词, in the past few months/years等 ‎【构成】 肯定形式：have/has + done 　　 　否定形式：have/has + not +done ‎　 　　一般疑问句：have或has放于句首 ‎ ‎　B.　现在完成时的用法 ‎1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。‎ ‎ eg. The car has arrived.　车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）‎ ‎　　　 Someone has broken the window.　有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）‎ 区别：have been to, have gone to, have been in have been to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了 have gone to表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中 have been in指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在 例如：你去过北京两次。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 他去香港了。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎ 我在新都五年多了。 ‎ ‎　　2）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far，now，today，this week (month，year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。‎ ‎　　eg. 他已经学习英语有五年了。 ‎ ‎　　　 他自从2001年至今学习英语。 ‎ ‎　　　 现在我已经写完作业了。 ‎ ‎　注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。‎ 如：我已在此住了30多年。 ‎ 由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：‎ arrive → ‎ begin(start)→ ‎ die → ‎ come back →be back leave → ‎ fall ill(sick, asleep) ‎ ‎→be ill(sick, asleep)‎ get up →be up go out →be out finish → ‎ put on →wear 或be on open →be open join → ‎ 或be a member of…‎ close →be closed go to school →be a student borrow → ‎ buy → ‎ catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)‎ get to know →know begin to study →study come to work →work 例题 ‎ ‎( )1. This is a ____ story . When we heard this, we are all _____. A. surprising; surprising B. surprised; surprising C. surprising; surprised D. surprised; surprised ( )2. Please read _______ the text in class. A. loud B. big C. loudly D. aloud ( )3. The girl has a sweet _________. A. voice B. sound C. noise D. read ( )4.We should ______ this poem in class because it’s short and beautiful. A. remember B. memorize C. leave D. forget ( )5. There seems to be no solution _______ the problem. A. for B. to C. of D. all of these ( )6. Would you mind my ______ the window? A. open B. opens C. opening D. opened ( )7. We are all impressed _______ his new car. A. with B. on C. of D.‎ ‎ about ( )8. ____ his way to school, he picked up a wallet and found the owner ____ a rainy day. A. On; in B. In; on C. On; on D. On; at ( )9. We _______ two hours in doing our homework every night. A. take B. pay C. cost D. spend ( )10. He thinks that ______ is a great way to learn a language. A. study grammar B. to study grammar C. studying grammar D. B and C ‎【时态】‎ ‎（ ）1. I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. ‎ ‎ A. borrow B. keep C. take ‎（ ）2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. ‎ ‎ A. joined B. have joined C. have been in ‎（ ）3.The factory ____ since the February of 1988. ‎ ‎ A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened ‎（ ）4.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.‎ ‎ A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become ‎（ ）5.You mustn't_____ until he comes back. ‎ ‎ A. be away B. leave C. be left ‎（ ）6.The meeting _____ for a week now.‎ ‎ A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over ‎（ ）7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. ‎ ‎ A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught ‎（ ）8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years. ‎ ‎ A. has been B. has become C. was D. became ‎（ ）9. I ______ home for a week. ‎ ‎ A. have returned B. have been back C. returned ‎（ ）10. How long _______ he ________ ? ‎ A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 课后练习 Ⅰ.选出可以代替划线部分的选项 ( )1. What about watching English-language TV? A. Why not B. How about C. Why don’t you ( )2. The box is too heavy for me to move.‎ A. The box isn’t heavy enough for me to move. B. The box is so heavy that I can’t move it.‎ C. The box is so light that I can move it. ( )3. He has forgotten a lot of words. A. many B. much C. a lot ( )4. Please call me as soon as you get to Beijing. A. arrive B. reach in C. arrive in ( )5. John was good at keeping dogs. A. does well in B. do well in C. did well in Ⅱ.根据汉语的提示完成句子. 1. Can you get the ______________________(发音) right? 2. Some of my friends have given me______________________(更明确的) suggestions. 3. The other people ______________________(嘲笑了) the old woman at her mistakes. 4. My friends want to go on a field trip. ____________________ (首先) we have to buy some food and drink. 5. My brother doesn’t like playing baseball______________________(根本). 6. Our teacher asked us some questions about________________________(学英语)‎ ‎ yesterday. 7. Li Ming is not good at English. He often makes mistakes _________________________(在语法上) 8. Most people in the world speak English ________________________________ (作为第二语言) ‎ Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Li Mu is good at math. He studies it well by _____________(work) out math problems after class. 2. How about________________(study) with groups to improve your English grade? 3. I was__________________(embarrass, 动词，使困窘) because I had no money at that moment. 4. My little brother is afraid ______________(walk) out at night. 5. Do you enjoy _____________(learn) English in class? 6. Your hair is so long. You must get your hair ____________(cut). 7. Why not _____________(join) an English language club to practice speaking English? 8. He doesn’t know how _____________(improve) his English. 9. How long__________ you_________(study) at your school? For about two years. 10. Oh, what a pity! I don’t have a partner _____________(practice) the conversation with. Ⅳ.完形填空 Most adults once studied at school, had classes and did their homework every day. The same 1 is going on at school now. 2 it seems that doing weekend homework is 3 problem for the modern students. All the students should agree that weekend homework should be abolished. It’s 4 for them studying at school five days a week. They have a lot of interests. With homework to do on Saturday and Sunday, when can they find 5 to help around the house, go and see a football or basketball game or a good film, join in family recreation or just have 6 at home? Because of these other activities, the homework can’t be finished until 7 .So their weekend homework is usually done in such a hurry that on Monday teachers are 8 and often threaten to fail whole class of students because they know nothing about the 9 .If there were no weekend homework for the students to do. They would be happy to go to school on Monday 10 having a good rest and to learn what the teachers teach. ( )1 A. thing B. school C. class D. homework ( )2 A. Also B. But C. Still D. Though ( )3 A. no B. another C. on D. other ( )4 A. not enough B. enough C. no good D. no use ( )5 A. friends B. time C. places D. money ( )6 A. a rest B. an exam C. a lesson D. picnic ( )7 A. Monday afternoon B. Saturday C. Friday night D. Sunday night ( )8 A. pleased B. sorry C. unhappy D. not worried ( )9 A. lesson B. games C. interests D. activities ( )10 A. until B. when C. before D. after ‎ Ⅴ.阅读理解 ‎（A）My English learning ‎    People living in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred languages in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four or five hundred thousand words. But we do not need all these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. Before you leave school , you will learn only one thousand or more . ‎ ‎    The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary bigger . Read as many books as you can. There are a lot of books written in easy English for you to read. You will enjoy them. When you meet a new word, find it in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your most useful book. ‎ ‎  ( ) 1. The number of different languages spoken is about ______. ‎ ‎    A. 150      B. 15,000    C. 500             D. 1,500‎ ‎ ( )2. Before you leave your school, you’ll learn _____. ‎ ‎     A. only two thousand words     B. five hundred thousand words ‎    C. more than one thousand words     D. three or four thousand words ‎ ( )3. To make your vocabulary bigger, you must ______. ‎ ‎    A. get as many dictionaries as you can     B. read as many books as you can ‎ ‎    C. buy a lot of books     D. have a very large English dictionary ‎ ‎ ( )4. You will enjoy ______. ‎ ‎    A. the books written in easy English     B. your dictionary C. your new words     D. finding new words in a dictionary ‎    ‎ ‎（B） Small children often laugh at the short ones or at someone who isn’t dressed as well as they are . But as they grow up , they learn not to hurt people’s feelings by laughing at their problems . They learn to laugh at other things. Most important they learn to laugh at themselves. ‎ Suppose （假设）you’re playing a game . You make a mistake and lose. Do you become angry?  Or can you laugh at yourself and hope to do better next time? Suppose you are at a special dinner. You at times spill （溅）some food . Why keep worrying about how clumsy （笨拙）you looked ? Why not laugh it off and enjoy yourself any way? If you can, it’s a good sign you’ve really grown up. ‎ ‎（    ）1. This article is mostly about ______. ‎ ‎     A. why laughter is good for your body    B. what you should laugh at ‎ ‎    C. where you may laugh     D. who you may laugh ‎（    ）2. The writer says small children laugh at people who ______. ‎ ‎    A. have problems             B. not to be worried     C. dress well       D. play games ‎（    ）3. Next the writer shows how laughter could help you ______. ‎ ‎    A. not to spill food         B. not to be worried     C. not to enjoy yourself  D. to grow up ‎（    ）4. The most important thing is to learn how to laugh at ______. ‎ ‎     A. jokes         B. pictures     C. children    D. yourself ‎（    ）5. The writer shows how laughter could help you not to ______. ‎ ‎     A. make a mistake  B. lose game    C. become angry   D. try again Ⅱ. 1—5 B B A C C Ⅲ.1. pronunciation 2.more specific 3. laughed at 4. First of all 5. at all 6.learning English 7. in grammar 8.fashionable 9.a status symbol 10. as a second language Ⅳ.1.working 2. studying 3. embarrassed 4.to walk 5. learning 6. cut 7. join 8. to improve 9. have, studied 10. to practice Ⅴ.1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B( remember强调“记得” memorize着重“记住，背诵”) 5.D(考察了solution后接to/of/for都可以。)6.C (动词mind后接v-ing )7.A(构成be impressed with) 8.C 9.D (构成spend---in doing )10.D (动名词与动词不定式都可以在句子中作主语。) Ⅵ.1—5 A B B B B 6—10 A D C A D 阅读 ‎  A. 1. D              2. C        3. B        4. A ‎  5. 比如，一本大字典包含40万到50万个单词 ‎  6. 有大量的简易英语读物，你可以阅读。‎ ‎  B. 1. D              2. A        3. B        4. D        5. C ‎ ‎