初三英语动词专题及专项练习含答案 10页

动词 动词的含义 动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形式： 动词原形、 过去式、 现在分词和过去分词。 ‎ 动词的种类: ‎ 类别 ‎ 特点 ‎ 举例 ‎ 及物动词（vt） ‎ 跟宾语 ‎ ‎ I like music. ‎ 不及物动词（vi） ‎ 不跟宾语 ‎ It rained last night. ‎ 系动词 ‎ 跟表语 ‎ I am a doctor. She is a nurse. ‎ We are very happy. ‎ 助动词 ‎ 跟动词原形或分词 ‎ ‎ I don’t like playing basketball. ‎ I have seen this movie before. ‎ 情态动词 ‎ 跟动词原形 She can speak Japanese. ‎ 动词时态 ‎ 一般现在时 （3种结构）‎ 表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实；或某种状态。 ‎ ‎“主·谓·（宾）”结构 ‎ Peter always spends too much time playing computer games. ‎ Alice usually goes to school by bus in the morning. ‎ I like listening to classical music. ‎ ‎“There· be”结构 ‎ There is a map on the wall. ‎ There are some birds in the sky. ‎ ‎“主·系·表”结构 ‎ It’s very cold today. ‎ The earth is bigger than the moon. ‎ My father is a teacher. ‎ 动词第三人称单数 动词特征 构成 例词 一般动词 词尾加s like-likes 以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾 记忆技巧：吃（ch）蛇(sh,s)后喝XO 词尾加es teach-teaches do-does go-goes wash-washes pass-passes mix-mixes fax-faxes(发送传真)‎ 以y结尾 辅音字母+y,变y为i，再加es study-studies carry-carries try-tries 元音字母+y,直接加s play-plays stay-stays say-says ‎ ‎ 一般过去时 （3种结构）‎ 表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中, 动词必须用过去式. ‎ 动词过去式 及 过去分词的构成 ‎ 规则变化 ‎ 构成法 ‎ 词例 ‎ ‎(1) 一般情况下加 ed ‎ work -- worked -- worked ‎ play -- played -- played ‎ ‎(2) 以 e 结尾的，加 d ‎ live -- lived -- lived ‎ like -- liked -- liked ‎ ‎(3) 以“辅音字母 + y” 结尾的，改 y为i， 再加 ed. ‎ study -- studied -- studied ‎ cry -- cried -- cried ‎ ‎(4) 以重读闭音节 或 r音节 结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加 ed. ‎ stop -- stopped -- stopped ‎ prefer -- preferred -- preferred ‎ refer-referred-referred ‎ occur-occurred-occurred ‎ 不规则变化 （参考课本） ‎ 一般过去时常见的提示: yesterday; the day before yesterday; last（week/ month/ year/Sunday --） ‎ this ---；just now； --- ago; after ---; when --- 等等。 ‎ 注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，肯定句用动词的过去式表达，构成疑问句或否定句时，需借助did或didn’t构成，谓语动词要还原成原形。例如：‎ I went to the zoo yesterday.‎ My mother didn’t go to the park last weekend.‎ Did Jim come to see you last night?‎ ‎. ‎ 现在进行时 ‎ 表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。 （只有延续性动词有进行时； 非延续性动词没有进行时 ） ‎ 主语 + 系动词（am / is / are ）+ 现在分词 ‎ 现在分词的构成 ‎ 构成法 ‎ 词例 ‎ ‎(1) 一般情况下加 ing. ‎ work -- working； learn -- learning ‎ ‎(2) 以 e 结尾的，去掉e，再加 ing. ‎ live -- living； take -- taking ‎ ‎(3) 以重读闭音节 或 r 音节 结尾，且末尾只有一个 辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加 ing. ‎ sit -- sitting； stop -- stopping ‎ chat -- chatting； refer -- referring ‎ ‎(4) 以 ie 结尾的，要改ie 为y，再加 ing. ‎ tie -- tying； lie -- lying ‎ 现在进行时的标志：Look； Listen； now； at the moment / at present ‎ Look. Alice is reading a magazine over there. ‎ Listen. Peter is singing a Chinese song. ‎ Alice is talking to Peter now. ‎ I’m learning Japanese at the moment. ‎ 特殊情况： 非延续性动词 没有进行时，它们的现在分词形式 表示 将来时。‎ 主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的现在分词：表示将来时。‎ I’m going to school now. ‎ Mary is leaving for New York soon. ‎ Spring Festival is coming. ‎ I’m arriving in Beijing.‎ 过去进行时 ‎ 表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。 ‎ 主语 + 系动词（was / were ）+ 现在分词 ‎ David was doing his homework at 8 o’clock yesterday. ‎ I was doing my homework at his time yesterday. ‎ Tom was having breakfast when Mary called him. ‎ 一般将来时 ‎ 表示将要发生的动作，或计划或打算作某事。 ‎ ‎ ‎ 主语 + will + 动词原形 ‎ 主语 + ( am / is / are ) + going to + 动词原形 ‎ 主语 + ( am / is / are ) + 非延续性动词的 现在分词： ‎ 例如：‎ I will tell you the good news.‎ John is going to visit Hangzhou next week.‎ My father is coming to Qingdao tomorrow.‎ 一般将来时常见的提示: ‎ tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next week; in the future; in three days; this evening, soon, at the end of this term 一般将来时的用法 1. 表示将来的动作或状态。例如：‎ We will get to Shanghai tomorrow.‎ 2. 在“祈使句+and/or+句子”这个结构中，“句子”用一般将来时。例如：‎ Get up early, and you will catch the early bus.‎ Hurry up, or you will be late for school.‎ ‎“be going to+动词原形 ” 与“will+动词原形”‎ be going to和will在一般情况下可以互换，但是在下列情况下将来时要用will。‎ 说明 例句 带有意愿色彩 I will help you later.‎ 问对方是否愿意或客气的邀请或命令 Will you please close the door?‎ Will you go with me?‎ 在时间、条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，用will ‎ Mr. Wang will come if it doesn’t rain.‎ He will call us as soon as he gets to Hong Kong.‎ ‎ ‎ 过去将来时 ‎ 表示在过去的某时计划或打算作某事。 ( 间接引语 / 宾语从句 ) ‎ 主语 + would + 动词原形 ‎ 主语 + ( was / were ) + going to + 动词原形 主语 + ( was / were ) +非延续动词的动名词 例如：‎ I thought you would help the old man.‎ Mary was going to take part in this meeting.‎ He said he was leaving for Hong Kong.‎ 现在完成时 ‎ 含义：现在完成时表示“过去的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响”. ‎ 汉语译文中经常含有“已经”、“曾经”、“还没有”等词语.‎ 构成：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 例如：‎ I have seen this movie before. (结果：我了解这部影片的内容 ) ‎ He has had a good education. (结果：他的知识水平很高 ) ‎ 现在完成时常见的标志 : ‎ so far / up to now ; recently ; in recent years ; before ; ‎ in the past … / in the last … / over the past … / over the last …  ‎ since / for: 既可以用于 “现在完成时”, 也可以用于“现在完成进行时”. ‎ already / yet / ever / never / before: 既可以用于“现在完成时”, 也可以用于“过去完成时”. ‎ I have already finished the work. / I have just finished the work. ‎ Have you finished the work yet ? ‎ I haven’t finished my work yet. ‎ 延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词可以接一段时间； ‎ 非延续性动词后面不能接一段时间, 如果要接一段时间, 就必须把 非延续性动词 替换成相应的延续性动词. ‎ come -- be here He came here two hours ago. ‎ ‎ He has been here for two hours. ‎ go -- be out/ be away They went out an hour ago.‎ ‎ They have been out for an hour. ‎ leave --- be away Tom left ten minutes ago. ‎ ‎ Tom has been away for ten minutes. ‎ buy --- have I bought this dictionary 10 years ago. ‎ ‎ I have had this dictionary for 10 years.‎ begin---be on The film began five minutes ago.‎ ‎ The film has been on for five minutes. ‎ 某些延续性动词（如：look for, watch, wait for, live, work, develop, teach, learn, study,rain等）与 since 或 for 连用时， 表示“从过去的某一时刻起,一直持续到现在的动作”，它们的“现在完成时”可以与“现在完成进行时”互相替换。 ‎ He has lived here for 20 years. ‎ He has been living here for 20 years. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎▲ have been to 表示“曾经去过 ---” : I have been to Beijing before. ‎ ‎▲ have gone to 表示“已经去了 ---” : They have gone to Japan. ‎ 过去完成时 主语 + had + 过去分词 ‎ 表示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作 -- “过去的过去”. ‎ By the end of last month, we had learned 12 English songs. ‎ By the time he got home, all the guests had left. ‎ When they arrived at the railway station，the train had already left.‎ Before I went to bed，I had finished reading that book. ‎ After I had finished reading the book，I went to bed. ‎ ‎“by the end of last ---” 只能用于“过去完成时” ‎ By the end of last month, we had learned 5000 English words. ‎ 现在完成进行时 主语 + have / has + been + 现在分词 ‎ 表示从过去的某一时刻起到现在，一直在做某事。 ‎ I have been waiting for your reply since I sent you a letter I have been living here for 20 years It has been raining since last night Since 1989, Wang Gang has been working in this company. ‎ He has been learning English for 10 years.‎ 专项练习 ‎ 动词时态专项训练 ‎ ‎1． He often to the park with some friends on Sundays. ‎ A. go B. goes C. is going D. has gone ‎ ‎2． Tom’s father listening to classical music. ‎ A. like B. don’t like C. likes D. is liking ‎ ‎3． your mother up early in the morning. ‎ A. Do / get B. Do / gets C. Does / gets D. Does / get ‎ ‎4． Look, the boys football on the playground. ‎ A. play B. playing C. are playing D. is play ‎ ‎5． Peter went swimming with Mike yesterday, he ? ‎ A. did B. does C. didn’t D. doesn’t ‎ ‎6． I a UFO in the sky while I was talking a walk in the street just now. ‎ A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. was seeing ‎ ‎7． Fred a model plane when I went to see him. ‎ A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made ‎ ‎8． I’ll tell her to call you back when she back. ‎ A. will come B. comes C. has come D. is coming ‎ ‎9． My father cigarettes, he thinks it is harmful for health. ‎ A. didn’t smoke B. don’t smoke ‎ C. doesn’t smokes D. doesn’t smoke ‎ ‎10．I 2000 English words by the end of last term. ‎ A. had learned B. have learned ‎ C. would learn D. was learning ‎ ‎11．How long you the mobile phone ? ‎ A. have bought B. have / had C. did / buy D. do / buy ‎ ‎12．My brother to London many times, so he knows London very well. ‎ A. was going B. went C. has been D. has gone ‎ ‎13．I want to know if you free tomorrow evening. If you free, I’d like to invite you to dinner. ‎ A. will be / are B. are / will be ‎ C. are / are D. will be / will be ‎ ‎14．Listen, the music very nice. ‎ A. is sounding B. sound C. sounds D. is sounded ‎ ‎15．I my best to learn English well from now on. ‎ A. tried B. have tried C. am trying D. will try ‎ ‎16．Our teacher told us that light faster than sound. ‎ A. travelled B. travels C. had travelled D. is travelled ‎ ‎17．Mr Brown isn’t at home now. He to his office. ‎ A. had gone B. had been C. has gone D. has been ‎ ‎18．He said he would go to the movies with us if he free. ‎ A. will be B. would be C. is D. was ‎ ‎19．Jenny to visit her grandma three days ago. ‎ A. went B. goes C. has gone D. had gone ‎ ‎20．The Greens China for five years. ‎ A. has been in B. have been in ‎ C. has come to D. have gone to ‎ ‎21．There a basketball match in our school the day after tomorrow. ‎ A. will have B. will be C. would be D. is going to have ‎ ‎22．I to Hainan for vacation in three days. ‎ A. went B. go C. will go D. was going ‎ ‎23．How long you French before you went to Paris ? ‎ A. had / studied B. have / studied ‎ C. do / study D. would / study ‎ ‎24．Hi, Peter. I you were here. ‎ A. don’t know B. haven’t known ‎ C. hadn’t known D. didn’t know ‎ ‎25．We will get everything ready before she here. ‎ A. will come B. comes C. would come D. came ‎ ‎26．Tom his coat and then went out. ‎ A. put on B. puts on C. had put on D. would put on ‎ ‎27．Neither of us interested in folk songs. ‎ A. were B. am C. is D. are ‎ ‎28．I heard her in the next room when I got home. ‎ A. play B. playing C. to play D. played ‎ ‎29．Linda TV since 6 o’clock this morning. ‎ A. was watching B. has been watched ‎ C. had watched D. has been watching ‎ ‎30．He to work in a factory at the age of 17. ‎ A. began B. has begun C. would begin D. had begun ‎ ‎31．One day while I along the street, I someone calling me. ‎ A. walked / heard B. was walking / was hearing ‎ C. was walking / heard D. walked / was hearing ‎ ‎32．Neither I nor he in physics. ‎ A. are interesting B. are interested ‎ C. is interesting D. is interested ‎ ‎33．I in the bar for an hour before she . ‎ A. had waited / arrived B. waited / had arrived ‎ C. was waiting / had arrived D. have waited / arrive ‎ ‎34．He he me before. ‎ A. said / has met B. said / had met ‎ C. says / had met D. is saying / has met ‎ ‎35．Tina said that she a party at home the next Saturday evening. ‎ A. had held B. will hold C. would hold D. is holding ‎ ‎36．When he arrived at the cinema, the film already . ‎ A. was / starting B. would / start ‎ C. has / started D. had / started ‎ ‎37．-- Where’s Mr Green ? ‎ ‎ -- He Japan on business. He back in two weeks. ‎ A. has gone to / is B. has been to / will be ‎ C. has been to / comes D. has gone to / will be ‎ ‎38．He has never seen such a wonderful movie before, ? ‎ A. hasn’t he B. didn’t C. has he D. did he ‎ ‎39．Jean me whether I to London before. ‎ A. asked / had been B. asked / would go ‎ C. asked / has been D. asked / went ‎ ‎40．I her since 2007. ‎ A. didn’t see B. hadn’t seen C. haven’t seen D. haven’t been seeing ‎ ‎41．I late in the morning in the past, but now I early. ‎ A. used to get up / am used to get up ‎ B. am used to getting / used to get up ‎ C. used to get up / am used to getting up ‎ D. am used for getting / used to get up ‎ ‎42．I the computer for three years. ‎ A. have bought B. have had C. had bought D. bought ‎ ‎43．I the movie before. I ten years ago. ‎ A. have seen / saw B. had seen / saw ‎ C. saw / have seen D. had seen / have seen ‎ ‎44．Frank to Qingdao five years ago, and he here for five years. ‎ A. has come / lived B. had come / lived ‎ C. came / had lived D. came / has lived ‎ ‎45．I don’t know when he . When he , I’ll let you know. ‎ A. arrives / will arrive B. will arrive / will arrive ‎ C. will arrive / arrives D. arrives / arrives ‎ ‎46．When you to learn English ? ‎ A. do / begin B. did / begin C. have / begun D. had / begun ‎ ‎47．Linda went to the party last Saturday, and . ‎ A. so was I B. so I was C. so did I D. so I did ‎ ‎48．-- What the weather like tomorrow ? ‎ ‎ -- It very cold. ‎ A. is / going to be / is B. will / be / will ‎ C. is / going to be / is going D. will / be / will be ‎ ‎49．-- Excuse me. Look at the sign: No Smoking. ‎ ‎ -- Sorry. I it. ‎ A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see ‎ ‎50．When Jack arrived, he learned that Mary for almost an hour. ‎ A. had gone B. had set off C. had left D. had been away ‎ BCDCC ACBDA BCACD BCDAB ‎ BCADB ACBDA CDABC DDCAC ‎ CBADC BCDBD ‎ ‎ ‎