2020-2021学年中考英语训练专题07 阅读理解之精读 15页

‎2020-2021学年中考英语重难点题型讲解训练专题07 阅读理解之精读 中考阅读理解分值占总分的40%左右，因此掌握相应的阅读技巧显得尤为重要。英语阅读主要有四种阅读技巧：略读——用于了解文章大意；寻读——用于查找特定的信息；泛读——用于欣赏和整体理解；精读——用于深入理解和获取细节。精读是在较短文本中用于获取具体信息的一种阅读技巧，精读在于“短小精悍”从而获取更多的信息。精读能够帮助你掌握特定情境的细节，对于细节题、猜词题、推理题等往往需要我们运用精读技巧去获取精准信息帮助提高准确率。在这种情况下，需要理解句子中每个单词，数据和事实了，及其句子大意。如：a bookkeeping report账务报告；an insurance claim保险索赔。‎ 阅读理解一直是历年中考英语卷中的重头戏，可以说，阅读理解水平高低是在英语考试中制胜的关键。在阅读中，真正读懂一篇文章势必要抓住其中心主旨，也就是要找到主旨句。从重要性上来说，主旨句的的重要性远远大于其他解释内容或例证内容。所以对于我们读文章来说，显然主旨句是最重要的，是需要重点精读的。 ‎ 那怎样去判断哪些主旨句呢?首先，从位置上来说，主题句常常在文章开头的第一段或第二段提出，且常是段首句或转折句。其次，从句子长度来说通常主题句比较简短。所以说，文章中需要重点精读的内容为：段首句，转折句，以及定位句。相对而言，文章中举例或引用的东西就可以略读，这些内容中往往包含一些时间、数据、人名、地名、机构名称之类的信息。掌握了精读方法，就可以大大减少阅读量，从而把更多的时间放在解读关键内容上。中考英语阅读文章在出题时也往往和这些需要精读的内容有关，所以精读如果做到位，很多答案都可以毫不费力的做出来了，同学们不妨一试。‎ Part 1 精读法概说 精读法(scouring)，即阅读时，首先浏览全文，然后才根据短文后的提问，在特定区域仔细推敲，进行适当的推理和判断，从而选择出正确答案的方法。这种方法主要用于“考查理解句意及上下文关系”的试题、“考查根据材料判断推理及引申”的试题、“考查有关作者的观点和态度”的试题。‎ ‎　　精读就是仔细阅读文章，透彻理解文章内容，然后根据问题，运用自己所掌握的各方面相关信息进行判断。要掌握这种方法，在平时阅读中应注重相关文化背景的积累，尽量多了解一些政治、经济、历史、地理和名人名著等诸方面常识。缺乏必要的背景知识，无疑会降低理解的准确度，有时还会犯下贻笑大方的错误。如果对文章所涉及的历史、文化、政治、经济、宗教、风土人情等知识缺乏了解，就不能真正读懂文章的内涵，从而导致理解困难。在掌握了相关背景知识后，有时文章没有完全读懂，但凭借相关知识，运用推理判断等逻辑思维能力，也能正确地找出问题的答案。同时，阅读时要注意培养语感。所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。语感好的人，理解力就强，视读的速度就快。阅读 时要留心词语的搭配，即惯用法。必要时可用笔画一画或记下来。读完每一篇文章，都应总结归纳一下积累了多少单词、惯用法和句型，这样语感自然就会好起来。在阅读时，必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理，得出结论。‎ 如：What Kelly’s mom often told him during his childhood was ______.‎ A. caring B. moving C. encouraging D. interesting 文中有这么一句话：“Kelly, you are certain to be a great man and you can do anything in life if you work hard enough to get it .”‎ ‎　　这就是一道细节题，根据文中作者的妈妈说的话（如上）可判断出当作者年幼时妈妈给他最多的是鼓励（答案：C）。先看问题，后阅读，这是解决阅读理解这一题型中的细节问题的一个行之有效的办法。要明确寻找的特定信息，即心中有数，这个信息点可能是一个词或几个词，也可能是个句子。如果感到下文有所要查找的信息，应适当停留，辨别是否找准了特定信息；若非如此，应立即继续寻读。有时文中对某一信息点的描述分布在几个地方，要注意鉴别、分析。‎ ‎　　总之，英语阅读能力的提高是一个长期的、循序渐进的过程，掌握了阅读技巧后，在平时阅读时，要养成良好的阅读习惯，积累拓展各种文化知识，培养逻辑判断能力，就一定会提高阅读理解的能力。　　‎ 精讲精练 ‎【例题1】‎ Dear Disney, ‎ Last weekend, the four members of my family spent an enjoyable holiday at the Magic Kingdom - Disneyland. And one event made our visit seem truly magical. ‎ We got to the front of the line at Space Mountain, only to find out that our little daughter Gloria couldn't take her ice-cream on the ride. We were so excited that we all forgot ice-cream was not allowed on the ride. ‎ Gloria broke into tears and we all had no idea what to do. Then Murphy, one of the staff members, came over. She bent down and told Gloria that she would hold the ice-cream for her and give it to her when she finished the ride. Gloria said, "Promise?" Then she gave Murphy her ice-cream, and she completely enjoyed the ride. ‎ Sure enough, as we walked out the exit, there was Gloria's new friend with "her" ice-cream. Now you and I both know what happened, because we know that an ice-cream won't last twenty minutes on a summer afternoon in Florida. Murphy knew what time we would get off the ride; she went to the nearest shop and bought a brand-new ice-cream thirty seconds before we walked out the exit. Gloria said, "Thank you," but I'm sure she thought it was the same ice-cream.‎ ‎ We know that someone tried hard to make our visit special. Thanks so much for going above and beyond!‎ Your fan ‎ Carmen Rivera ‎1. The family's visit to the Magic Kingdom was ________. ‎ A) helpful B) awful C) frightening D) amazing ‎2. Before the ride, Gloria cried because _________. ‎ A) she couldn't find her parents in the line B) she was too little to take the ride C) she couldn't take her ice-cream on the ride D) she had to wait for twenty minutes ‎3. Murphy was waiting for Gloria _________ after the ride. ‎ A) in the ice-cream shop B) at the exit C) in the front of the line D) at the entrance ‎4. In order to keep the promise, Murphy __________. ‎ A) took Gloria to the nearest shop B) asked her new friend to help Gloria C) helped Gloria get off the ride D) bought a new ice-cream for Gloria ‎5. In order to keep the promise, Murphy __________. ‎ A) took Gloria to the nearest shop B) asked her new friend to help Gloria C) helped Gloria get off the ride D) bought a new ice-cream for Gloria ‎【答案】DCBDC ‎【解析】‎ ‎1细节题，从文章第一段“one event made our visit seem truly magical”， 从magical的意思可以选出D选项。‎ ‎2细节题，从文章的第二段，“Gloria couldn't take her ice-cream on the ride”可以选出C选项。‎ ‎3 细节题，从文章的第四段“as we walked out the exit”可以选出B的选项。‎ ‎4 细节题，从文章的第四段“bought a brand-new ice-cream”可以选出D选项。‎ ‎5 细节题，从文章的最后一段，可以选出C的选项。注意express是表达的意思。‎ ‎【常考词组补充】‎ go through ‎(1)经历； (2)仔细检查，审查; (3)（物，钱等）用完; (4)顺利完成; (5)受苦;‎ ‎(6)穿过; (7)通过（法律，提案）；(8)成交（生意）； (9)被批准。‎ 例: ‎ We’ll have to go through a severe test.我们得经过一次严峻的考验。‎ The sale of the store went through quickly. 这家店铺的转卖迅速成交。 ‎ I didn’t go through college. 我没念完大学。‎ Their business arrangements went through. 他们的营业计划被批准了。‎ This road goes through the forest. 这条路穿过森林。‎ The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。‎ The new law has gone through Congress. 这项新法律国会已经通过了。‎ I went through the papers. 我仔细地审阅了这些论文。‎ He went through all the money his father gave me. 他把父亲给的钱全都花光了。‎ ‎【例题2】‎ You probably know you should say" please" and" thank you" at restaurants. You probably know the rules of a library. You know you should respect and be nice to your classmates. But do you have music manners? ‎ Keep It Down! You have to notice the volume of your music. You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it. Some people might even get angry. Usually, when you play the music loud on an MP3 player, other people can't hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound. Not one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears, so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player, you shouldn't have it turned up too high. ‎ Take Them Off! You need to know when to turn your MP3 player off and put it away. Libraries and schools don't allow MP3 players. There are other places, like museums, that don't have rules, but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on. Sometimes, it just doesn't make sense to listen your MP3 player at event. Why would you listen to music at a play, a movie or a sporting event? You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.‎ Take One Out! Once in a while it's okay just to take out one earphone. Imagine you are listening on your MP3 player when someone asks you the way. It would not be rude to take out one earphone, tell him the way, and put back the earphone and continue listening. You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and it's not for you. ‎ It's Your Choice! There are times when you need to decide what is best. For example, some people can listen to music on their MP3 players when reading books, while others think it is disturbing. In cases like this, you need to do what seems right for you.‎ ‎1. No one wants to listen to_______ from others’ MP3 players. ‎ A) a loud sound B) sad stories C) a long movie D) the words of a song ‎2. We should turn down the music when we are alone because loud music__ . ‎ A) is not enjoyable B) makes us tired C) is bad for MP3 players D) hurts our ears ‎3. We can take one earphone out when we _____ ‎ A) show others the way B) talk to friends on the phone C) watch a sporting event D) have dinner with our parents ‎【答案】ADA ‎【解析】‎ ‎1根据第二段倒数第三行“Not one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears”，可以得出答案，选择A ‎2根据第二段倒数第一行“Very loud music can also be bad for your ears, so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player, you shouldn't have it turned up too high”得出结论，选择D ‎3根据第四段的介绍我们可以排除C项和D项，A和B在原文中都有提及，但是原文中指的是“answer the telephone”这一短暂的动作，而B项是与朋友在“telephone”中聊天，是个延续性的动作，故选择A ‎【常考词组补充】‎ come up ‎(1)（人）走近; (2)（太阳，月亮）升起; (3)被提及; (4)（意想不到地）发生 ‎(5)发芽; (6)上楼; (7)到场; (8)（植物）长出地面。 (9)出现，发生。‎ ‎(10)（彩票）中奖；‎ 例:‎ The flowers are just beginning to come up. 花刚开始长出地面。‎ I'll let you know if anything comes up. 一有事发生我就通知你。‎ The seeds I sowed last week haven't come up yet.我上星期种的种子至今还未发芽。 ‎ I like to get up early and watch the sun come up. 我喜欢早起看日出。 ‎ He came up to the policeman and asked the way.他走上前去向警察问路。 ‎ I could hear footsteps coming up behind me.我听见身后有脚步声过来。 ‎ I'm afraid something urgent has come up; I won't be able to see you tonight. 很抱歉，有点儿急事，今晚不能见你了。 ‎ The subject came up in conversation.这个话题在谈话中提到了。‎ My number came up and I won ￡100. 我中奖了，赢了100英镑。‎ The question never came up in discussion. 讨论中始终未提及这个问题。‎ ‎【例题3】‎ The water tap was leaking (漏水) again, and the noise was driving Cassie crazy. ‎ Cassie looked at her watch. It was nearly nine o'clock. She climbed out of bed and stood on a chair by the shelf. Her mother's Mr. Fix-It Book was on the top shelf. Cassie stepped down quietly. She read the book quickly until she found the page she was looking for, and then began to read carefully. ‎ Next, Cassie opened a box in the kitchen and picked out the tools she needed — a hammer, a wrench, and several small things, it was no easy job for her to do the repair, and she tried several times. Finally, the water tap was in pieces. One by one. she carefully laid them out on the table. That way she would know how they went back. While this was going on, her cat walked over to watch what she was doing. Cassie worked late into the night. At one point, she thought she was done. Oops! A small piece that she had forgotten still lay on the table. Slowly Cassie took the water tap apart one more time. This time she made sure everything was in place. She turned the water tap on and then off. One... two... three... She waited a full minute. There was no leak! Cassie smiled and put the tools back into the box. Then she went back into bed. ‎ The next morning. Dad was in the kitchen when Cassie got up. "Notice anything. Dad?" she asked. ‎ He looked around and listened. "Hmm. something's missing... I can't find out what it is... Wait, it's too quiet in here!" "That's right," Cassie said. "Something is missing. I fixed the water tap. It doesn't leak any more” "That's my girl," Dad said. "It’s a good thing you are really like your mother."‎ What does the underlined word "expression" in the passage mean？____ A．表情 B．建议 C．模仿 D．服饰．‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 由I put a lot of expression into my acting．I thought I acted really well．我表现得绘声绘色．我满以为我是表现得很到位的．可知作者在表演中加入了过多的表情．答案是A，其它不正确。‎ ‎【常考词组补充】‎ make up ‎(1)编造（故事,谎言）； (2)形成，构成； (3)化妆； (4)作出补偿； （5）和好 By hard work they made up the lost time.‎ 他们以勤劳地工作弥补了失去的时间。‎ That’s not true, you just made that up.那不是真的，是你编造出来的。‎ She has made up her quarrel with me. 她同我的争吵已经和解。‎ Why don’t you make up with her？你为什么不同她和解呢？‎ Eleven players make up a football team. 足球队由十一名队员组成。‎ All animal bodies are made up of cells. 所有动物的躯体都是由细胞组成的。‎ The actor made himself up for the part of an old man. ‎ 这个演员把自己化妆成老人。‎ ‎【练习1】‎ Wikipedia is an online free encyclopedia. There are more than 38 million articles about society, history, culture, music, science, technology, geography and so on. On this website, people can find articles about almost everything in the world. Wikipedia has also developed 292 language versions for people to read in their own ‎ languages.‎ Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger started this encyclopedia project on 9th March, 2000. It was called Nupedia at first, and all the articles were written and checked by experts. Wales thought that the website should be a place where its users could not only find information but also share what they knew. So they tried to use a wiki system（wiki is a Hawaiian word" wee kee wee kee" which firstly meant "quick"）.On 10th January, 2001, they began a new project to improve Nupedia. On 15th January.2001, the new online encyclopedia named Wikipedia was set up. Wikipedia achieved a great success.‎ According to the Alexa Traffic Rank report on 22nd May, 2016, Wikipedia is the seventh most popular website in the world. Every single user helps to make this popular free encyclopedia.‎ ‎1. Wikipedia is　　.‎ A. a book ‎ B. a library ‎ C. a report ‎ D. a website ‎2.Wikipedia was set up on　　.‎ A. 9th March, 2000 ‎ B. 10th January, 2001‎ C. 15th January, 2001 ‎ D. 22nd May, 2016‎ ‎3.What can people use Wikipedia to do？　　‎ A. To read novels.‎ B. To search for information C. To listen to music.‎ C. To read Alexa Traffic Rank.‎ ‎【答案】DCB ‎【解析】‎ 维基百科是在线的免费百科全书。有关于社会、历史、文化、音乐、科学、科技、地理等3800多万篇文章.在这个网站上人们几乎可以找到关于世界的一切文章.维基百科也已经形成292种语言版本供人们用他们自己的语言来阅读。Jimmy Wales 和Larry Sanger 于2000年3月9日开始这个百科全书计划.它最初被叫做Nupedia，所有的文章都是专家撰写检查确定后才发布的.Wales认为这个网站应该是一个用户不仅能找到信息而且分享他们知道的信息的地方.所以他们试图使用wiki系统（wiki 是一个夏威夷语言"wee kee wee kee"最初意思为"快"）在2001年1月10日他们开始一种新的计划改善Nupedia.在2001年1月15日，新的名叫维基百科的在线百科全书建成了。维基百科取得了巨大成功。根据2016年5月22日的Alexa 网站流量排名报告显示维基百科是世界上第七家最受欢迎的网站。每个个体用户帮助制作这个受欢迎的免费的百科全书。‎ ‎1、D细节理解题 根据第一段Wikipedia is an online free encyclopedia. There are more than 38 million articles about society，history，culture，music，science，technology，geography and so on. On this website，people can find articles about almost everything in the world."维基百科是在线的免费百科全书.有关于社会、历史、文化、音乐、科学、科技、地理等3800多万篇文章.在这个网站上人们几乎可以找到关于世界的一切文章."可知维 基百科是一家网站.故选D ‎2、C 细节理解题 根据第二段On 15th January.2001，the new online encyclopedia named Wikipedia was set up.可知在2001年1月15日，新的名叫维基百科的在线百科全书建成了，故选C ‎3、 B 推理判断题 根据第二段Wales thought that the website should be a place where its users could not only find information but also share what they knew. So they tried to use a wiki system (wiki is a Hawaiian word "wee kee wee kee" which firstly meant "quick"). On 10th January，2001，they began a new project to improve Nupedia. On 15th January.2001，the new online encyclopedia named Wikipedia was set up." Wales认为这个网站应该是一个用户不仅能找到信息而且分享他们知道的信息的地方.所以他们试图使用wiki系统（wiki 是一个夏威夷语言"wee kee wee kee"最初意思为"快"）在2001年1月10日他们开始一种新的计划改善Nupedia。在2001年1月15日，新的名叫维基百科的在线百科全书建成了"可推知人们可用维基百科搜索信息，故选B ‎【练习2】‎ Internet is educational. Many people think children should be allowed to surf the Internet as they wish. In this way, they can look through different subjects on different kinds of websites according to their own interest. But in my opinion, children should always be watched while surfing the Internet.‎ Many websites have information and pictures that children should not see. There are many things that children don't understand. All of these may have some bad influence on children's development. Also, it is more dangerous to let children use chat rooms by themselves. Many parents tell their children not to talk to strangers on the street, so they should be careful of whom their children talk to on the Internet, too. What's more, sitting in front of a computer for a long time isn't good for children's eyes, so parents should monitor（监视）the time that children spend on the Internet.‎ In a word, children should be kept away from anything that could be bad for them. I strongly believe that it is necessary for parents to watch their children when they use the Internet.‎ What does the writer want to tell us in the passage？‎ ‎【答案】The writer wants to tell us (that) it is necessary for parents to watch their children when they use the Internet.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 互联网是有教育意义的。很多人认为应该允许孩子上网。但在我看来，儿童应该在上网时有人监督，父母是监督孩子上网的最佳人选。父母应该告诉孩子在互联网上不能随便和陌生人聊天，在电脑前坐的时间太长会有害于眼睛。‎ 答案：The writer wants to tell us (that) it is necessary for parents to watch their children when they use the Internet.主旨大意题。根据In a word, children should be kept away from anything that could be bad for them. I strongly believe that it is necessary for parents to watch their children when they use the Internet及上文。可知本篇文章介绍的是网络对于孩子们的影响及其家长应该怎么做.网络有些方面是有教育意义的，并不总是有教育意义的。因此当孩子们上网浏览时，家长应该监管，不受网络的不良影响。故答案为The writer wants to tell us (that) it is necessary for parents to watch their children when they use the Internet.‎ ‎【练习3】‎ Internet is educational. Many people think children should be allowed to surf the Internet as they wish. In this way, they can look through different subjects on different kinds of websites according to their own interest. But in my opinion, children should always be watched while surfing the Internet.‎ Many websites have information and pictures that children should not see. There are many things that children don't understand. All of these may have some bad influence on children's development. Also, it is more dangerous to let children use chat rooms by themselves. Many parents tell their children not to talk to strangers on the street, so they should be careful of whom their children talk to on the Internet, too. What's more, sitting in front of a computer for a long time isn't good for children's eyes, so parents should monitor（监视） the time that children spend on the Internet.‎ In a word, children should be kept away from anything that could be bad for them. I strongly believe that it is necessary for parents to watch their children when they use the Internet.‎ Who can help children stay away from the bad influence on the Internet？‎ ‎【答案】Their parents can help children stay away from the bad influence on the Internet.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 互联网是有教育意义的。很多人认为应该允许孩子上网．但在我看来，儿童应该在上网时有人监督，父母是监督孩子上网的最佳人选。父母应该告诉孩子在互联网上不能随便和陌生人聊天，在电脑前坐的时间太长会有害于眼睛。‎ 答案：Their parents can help children stay away from the bad influence on the Internet．细节理解题。根据In a word，children should be kept away anything that could be bad for them．I strongly believe that it is necessary for parents to watch their children when they use internet．可知父母可以叫孩子们远离网络坏的影响。故回答为Their parents can help children stay away from the bad influence on the Internet．‎ 课后作业 As a mother of three young girls，Alison Cowan worried about her daughters growing up too fast．From asking for the latest toy to wanting to wear make-up，it seemed to Alison and her husband，Alan，that their children were never satisfied with what they had．‎ The girls would ask for a toy，but would lose interest in it as soon as their friends had something new．Birthday parties were no longer just a few party games and blowing up balloons．All the parents seemed to invite professional performers and compete over who could give the most expensive party bag．At just seven years old，Amy and her friends were paying more and more attention to their appearance．It was a feeling that many parents would have．‎ However, few would dream of leaving a comfortable family life and a comfortable house to move their family 3，000 miles away to Africa in search of a simpler life. But, last June, Alison and her husband, Alan, moved with their daughters to Kampalain Uganda, to show them a different lifestyle．‎ For almost a year, the girls paly in the red, dusty streets with local children and visit markets to buy fresh fish and vegetables for dinner．They have been able to play and use their imagination away from the distractions（分心）of the consumer-driven society. Now, instead of competing over who has won a computer game，the girls think about things like the frequent water shortages and electricity cuts in certain areas．"At times，we've been without water for five days．The girls always accept it，though．Their world before had been so small，but now they understand （67）____________‎ ‎1．Alison Cowan's children were pleased with what they had，weren't they？‎ ‎2．What would the girls do when their friends had something new？‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word "It" in the second paragraph refer to？‎ ‎4．Why did Alison and Alan decide to move to Kampala in Uganda？（No more than 15words）‎ ‎5．What do the two girl think of their present life？‎ ‎6．Complete the last sentence and make it reasonable．‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎1 No, they weren't.‎ ‎2 They would ask for the same.‎ ‎3 A toy.‎ ‎4 Because they wanted to show their daughters a different lifestyle.‎ ‎5 They are used to their present life.‎ ‎6 what simple life is like.‎ ‎【解题思路】‎ ‎1．No, they weren't．细节理解题，根据their children were never satisfied with what they had．可知他们的孩子总是不满意所拥有的，故答案为No，they weren't．‎ ‎2．Tthy would ask for the same． 细节理解题，根据The girls would ask for a toy，but would lose interest in it as soon as their friends had something new．可知他们的女儿一看到她们的朋友有了新东西时，总是对旧的玩具失去了兴趣，也想要跟朋友一样的东西，故答案为They would ask for the same． ‎ ‎3．A toy．细节理解题，根据The girls would ask for a toy, but would lose interest in it as soon as their friends had something new女孩们想要一个玩具，但是一旦他们的朋友有了新的东西他们就会失去对它的兴趣，可知此处的it是指一个玩具，故答案为A toy． ‎ ‎4．Because they wanted to show their daughters a different lifestyle．细节理解题，根据Alison and her husband, Alan, moved with their daughters to Kampalain Uganda, to show them a different lifestyle．可知是夫妻俩想给女儿一种不同的生活方式，故答案为Because they wanted to show their daughters a different lifestyle.‎ ‎5．They are used to their present life．细节理解题，根据The girls always accept it, though. Their world before had been so small, but now they understand （67）what happiness are , 可知她们习惯了现在的生活，故答案为They are used to their present life． ‎ ‎6． what simple life is like．细节理解题，根据前文in search of a simpler life．，可知她们的父母带他们去寻找简单的生活，他们习惯了现在的生活状态并接受了它，现在她们知道了简单的生活是什么样的，故答案为what simple life is like．‎