宿迁专版2020中考英语复习第二篇语法专题突破专题12主谓一致课件 18页

语法专题（十二） 主谓一致 第二篇　语法专题突破 考点一　语法一致原则 语法一致原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。 用法 例句 不可数名词、单数名词/代词、动词不 定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动 词一般用单数形式 Running every morning is good for us. 每天早晨跑步对我们有益。 What he said is not true. 他说的不是真的。 用法 例句 ①用and连接两个或两个以上表示不 同的人、事物或概念的名词作主语时, 谓语动词一般用复数形式;若两个名词 指同一个人、同一事物或概念时,谓语 动词则用单数形式 ②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果 分别有no, each, every, more than a(n), many a(n)等修饰时,其谓语动词 要用单数形式 Joan and Mary are Canadians. 琼和玛丽是加拿大人。 The doctor and writer is very famous. 这位医生兼作家非常有名。 Every student and every teacher was in the room. 所有学生和老师都在房间里。 No boy and no girl likes it. 男生和女生都不喜欢它。 用法 例句 主语为each或由every-, any-, no-等 构成的复合不定代词时,谓语动词一般 用单数形式 Each of us has an English dictionary. 我们人手一本英语词典。 Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。 “the+姓氏名词的复数形式”(表示 “某某夫妇”或“某某一家人”)作主 语时,谓语动词用复数形式 The Browns are playing basketball. 布朗一家正在打篮球。 用法 例句 主语前若有all, some, half, enough等 或three fourths(3/4)等分数修饰时,谓 语动词的数视名词而定。若主语为可 数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;若主 语为可数名词单数或不可数名词,谓语 动词则用单数形式 All the meat smells terrible. 所有的肉闻起来都坏了。 Three fifths of the workers in the factory are men. 工厂五分之三的工人是男性。 用法 例句 一些表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词, 如glasses, trousers, gloves, scissors 等,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。若 用pair等词修饰,谓语动词的单复数形 式则由pair等词的单复数形式决定 My glasses are old. I want to buy a new pair. 我的眼镜旧了。我想买副新的。 A pair of new shoes is given to him as a present by his grandma. 他奶奶送给他一双新鞋作为礼物。 主语后有with, together with, but, except, as well as等引导的短语作插 入语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保 持一致,即“就远原则” The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. 那个老师和他的学生将去参观博物馆。 考点二　意义一致原则 　　意义一致原则是指从意义上处理主谓一致关系。谓语动词的单复数形式取 决于主语所表示的概念。 用法 例句 有些词如maths, news, physics虽以-s 结尾,但表示单数意义。其作主语时,谓 语动词用单数形式 Maths is one of the most important subjects. 数学是最重要的学科之一。 一些集合名词,如family, class, group, team等,作主语,强调整体时,谓语动词 用单数形式;强调个体时,谓语动词用复 数形式 My family are having supper now. 我们一家人正在吃晚饭。 My family is a happy one. 我家是一个幸福的家庭。 用法 例句 all, either, neither, most, some作主 语时,若代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用 复数形式;若代表单数可数名词或不可 数名词,谓语动词用单数形式 Now all is going well. 目前一切进展顺利。 All are here, and nobody is absent. 所有人都在这,没人缺席。 “分数或百分数+of+名词”以及“a lot of/lots of/half of/the rest of/(a) part of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的 单复数形式由of后面的名词决定 Lots of damage was caused by fires. 很多损失是火灾造成的。 用法 例句 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等名词的 复数形式作主语时常看成一个整体,其 谓语动词用单数形式 Five pounds is enough. 五英镑就足够了。 “the+形容词”表示“具有某种特征 的一类人”,其作主语时,谓语动词用复 数形式 The young usually have a lot of friends. 年轻人通常有许多朋友。 用法 例句 名词所有格之后的名词被省略,表示 “商店、工厂、住宅”等意义,作主语 时,谓语动词用单数形式 The doctor's is across from the street. 诊所在街道的对面。 “a number of+名词复数”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用 单数形式 The number of the students in our class is 50. 我们班学生的数量是50。 考点三　就近一致原则 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。 用法 例句 or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…,not…but… 等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的形式 要由离谓语最近的主语来确定 Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television. 不仅我而且汤姆和玛丽也喜欢看电视。 Either I or he is right. 要么我对了,要么他对了。 在there be句型中,谓语动词与离其 最近的主语在数上保持一致 There are two trees and a horse behind the house. 房后有两棵树和一匹马。 用法 例句 在here引导的句子中,主语不止一个 时,谓语动词通常与离其最近的主语 在数上保持一致 Here is an apple, two oranges and some peaches for you. 这是给你的一个苹果、两个橘子和一些桃。 对 接 中 考 专 练 Ⅰ.单项选择 1. Andy, you'd better not eat meat only. You should know milk and fruit 　　　　 good for you. A.is B.are C.was D.were 2. The number of the teachers in our school　　　　 greatly increased since last term.A number of teachers in this school 　　　　from the countryside. A.has; is B.has; are C.were; are D.were; is B B 对 接 中 考 专 练 3. Jenny and her parents　　　　 going to visit the Palace Museum tomorrow. A.is B.am C.are D.be 4. Look at the big window in my bedroom. Next to it　　　　 shelves full of my favourite toys. A.are B.is C.was D.were 5. —David, there　　　　 a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away. —OK, Mum. I'll do it right away. A.has B.have C.is D.are C A C 对 接 中 考 专 练 6. Each of the club members　　　　 ready to help those who were in trouble. A.is B.are C.was D.were 7. —Do you need more time to complete the task? —Yes. Another ten days　　　　 enough. A.is B.was C.are D.were 8. —Maths 　　　　my favourite subject. What about you? —Physics 　　　　. I think it's very interesting. A.is; is B.are; are C.are; is D.is; are C A A 对 接 中 考 专 练 9. Look! The police　　　　 the food onto the bank of the river. A.am carrying B.is carrying C.are carrying D.are carried 10. I hear one third of the books in Huai'an Library　　　　 new. Let's borrow some. A.is B.are C.was D.were C B 对 接 中 考 专 练 Ⅱ.根据句意或句子的语法要求,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Ten dollars　　　　 (be) enough. 2. Betty with her parents　　　　 (be) going camping. 3. The pair of shoes　　　　 (be) very expensive. 4. Neither we nor she　　　　 (have) been to the farm. is is is has 对 接 中 考 专 练 5. Doing morning exercises　　　　 (make) us healthy. 6. Everyone except Tom and Mike　　　　 (be) here when the teacher came in. 7. Some agree with Jim, but the rest of us　　　　 (agree) with Sam. 8. The Smiths　　　　 (be) making dumplings in the kitchen at this time yesterday. makes was agree were