宾语从句和定语从句《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版） 15页

【2019 • 四川省凉山州】—Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me ___________ it? —OK. I bought it in a store online. A. where you bought B. where do you buy C. when you buy D. when did you buy 【参考答案】 【试题解析】句意：——西蒙，你穿这件 T 恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？——好的。我是 在网上的一家商店买的。宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除 B、D。从 I bought it in a store online. 判 断句子询问在哪里买的，用 where 引导。故选 A。 此题考查宾语从句，学生想做对宾语从句的题，必须掌握住三个原则：一、宾语从句应用陈述语序； 二、宾语从句的时态应和主句保持一致；三、选择正确的宾语从句引导词。此题中 A 项和 C 项都是陈述语 序，根据句意可知此处问的是他在哪里买的衣服，故选 where 作引导词。 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾 语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接 代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。if 和 whether 在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 【辨析】宾语从句的引导词 引导词 引导词的作用 例句 that 无意义，只起连接作用，常 可省略 He said （that） Kate was good at swimming. 他说凯特擅长游泳。 what，which， who，whose， whom 等连接代词 在从句中作主语、宾语、定 语等 I don’t know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们打算干什么。 when，where，why，how 等连接副词 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where you are from?你能告 诉我你来自哪吗？ if，whether 意为＂是否＂，不作句子成 分，但不能省略 He asked me if she was a teacher. 他问我她是否是一位老师。 【典例】—We don’t know _______________. —It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【答案】C 【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A 和 B 可 以排除掉。D 的语序不对，只有 C 正确。 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy. I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting. 2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。 Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is? Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 【典例】Miss Green didn’t tell us _______________ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 【答案】D 【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，故选 D。 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。 1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据 实际情况而定。 I remember he gave me a book yesterday. He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrrow. I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 【典例】1. Would you please tell me _______________? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didn’t watch the game 【答案】D 【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈 述句的语序和一般过去时。 2. I don’t know when _______________. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【答案】B 【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有 B 项在语序和时态上符合要求。 2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包 括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 He told me that he would take part in the high jump. He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the US soon. 3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。 Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. He told me that the earth is round. 【特别提醒】否定转移 在主从复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是 think，believe，suppose 等词时，要将从句的 否定转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I don’t think he will come with you. 我认为他不会和你一起来。 【2019 • 吉林省中考】Mr. Brown is a teacher __________ is strict with all is students. A. which B. who C. where 【参考答案】B 【试题解析】句意＂布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师＂。本题考查定语从句。A.指物，在从句中作 主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.表示地方，在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为 a teacher， 指人，在从句中作主语，故选 B。 做定语从句的题时，可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词，要先看先行词指人、指物还是 既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分，从而做出正确的判断。 。 宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。 一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。 陈述句子用 that；一般疑问是否(if，whether)替; 特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。 二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。 主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意； 主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。 三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。 一、 二、 三、 四、 五、 关系代词 关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破； which 表物人用 who，人物都有 that 顾； which 用在逗号后，意表前句你要 know； who 作主语很称职，whom that 用法 that 用法真有趣，两个地方它不去； 逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑。 that 和 which 的区别 that which 先行若是不定代，that 就把 which 踹； 先行词前有两数，就用 that 定无误； 先行词前最高级，还用 that 必无疑； 句中若有 there be，that 应把 which 替； 先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里； just， the only，very，same，last 其后也要用 that。 指人的关系代词 指人可用 that, who，以下情况多用 who； those people 作先行，there be 的结构中； 先行指人不定代，从中作主 who 要在； 两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才。 六、 七、 八、 在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从 句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 whose 的用法 定从之中少定语，whose 为你唱一曲； whose 指人又指物，所属关系要记住。 as 和 which 的区别 as/which 在句末，若有否定 as 错； 句首只能用 as，还有认知猜想词； 固定结构用 as, the same/such/so/as； so/such...that 宾不离，so/such...as...宾要弃。 关系代词用法总结 关系代词作宾语，省与不省全靠你。 特殊情况 只记上边不可以，特殊情况告诉你； 先行用 way 作状语，in which/ that /略可以； one of +复作先行，从中谓语复数明； one 前若有 only/very，从中谓语定用单； 定从名从可转换，all that 被 what 换。 关系代词有 that，which，who，whom，whose；关系副词有 when，where，why 等。 【图示】 定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that， which， who（宾格 whom， 所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where， when， why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之 间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从 句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开， 起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 关系代词的基本用法 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。 The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。 【典例】I don’t know the teacher ______________ is talking with Miss Wang. A. what B. whom C. which D. who 【答案】D 【解析】所填写词引导定语从句，修饰先行词 teacher，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 who。 【注意】1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。 He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。 He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。 2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用 that 而不能用 which： （1）先行词为 all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one 等代词时。 That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。 【典例】—Is that all? —Yes. That’s all ______________ I want to take. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——就这些？——是的，这就是我要买的所有东西。which，that 的先行词都是物，但当先 行词是 all 等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用 that；who 的先行词只能是人；whose 一般在从句中作定语。 故选 B。 （2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that， 而不用 which。 He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。 Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。 （3）以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that。 Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ （4）先行词被 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which。 This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。 （5）先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that，而不用 which.。 We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下 了深刻的印象。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的 人和一些照片。 （6）先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。 It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。 （7）主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which。 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 3. 关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况： （1）先行词为 that，those 时，用 which，而不用 that。 What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ （2）关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that。 This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 （3）引导非限制性定语从句，用 which，而不用 that。 Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 关系副词的基本用法 1. when 在句中作状语，表示时间。 He remembers the day when he joined the League. 他记得他入团那天。 This was the time when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。 2. where 在句中作状语，表示地点。 This is the place where Lu Xun was born. 这就是鲁迅出生的地方。 This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。 3. why 在句中作状语，表示原因。 This is the reason why he is late today. 这就是他今天迟到的原因。 Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。 【典例】I love places _______________ the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. in where D. where 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我喜欢民风淳朴的地方。根据先行词是 places，从句中缺少地点状语，可知引导词是 in which 或者是 where，故选 D。 1. 【2019 • 广西北部湾经济区中考】—Do you know____________? —Yes, we’ll take a bus there. A. when we will go the museum tomorrow B. when will we go to the museum tomorrow C. how we will go the museum tomorrow D. how will we go to the museum tomorrow 2. 【2019 • 黑龙省大庆中考】Excuse me, could you tell me ____________? A. where is the railway station B. how can I get to the railway station C. where the railway station is D. how do I get to the railway station 3. 【2019 • 四川省广元市中考】Jerry asked Mike ____________. A. where did he come from B. where does he come from C. where he came from 4. 【2019 • 湖北省黄石中考】—I wonder ____________ in Guangzhou in two hours. —Of course. The high speed train is very fast. A. When I can arrive B. When can I arrive C. whether I can arrive D. whether can I arrive 5. 【2019 • 黑龙江省齐齐哈尔中考】Which of the following sentences is correct? A. I wonder what’s the matter with her. B. My mother asked me what I do with my pocket money. C. Could you please tell me where is the nearest hospital? 6. 【2019 • 甘肃省天水中考】The teacher asked Li Hua ____________. A. why is he late for class B. why he is late for class C. why was he late for class D. why he was late for class 7. 【2019 • 贵州省贵阳中考】Johnny made up his mind to give up smoking. He is thinking about ____________. A. how he can make it B. how can he make it C. how will he make it 8. 【2019 • 广西省河池中考】My cousin hasn’t decided ____________ this weekend. A. how will he go to Shanghai B. how he will go to Shanghai C. how has he gone to Shanghai D. how he has gone to Shanghai 9. 【2019 • 江苏省南通中考】—Could you please tell me ____________? —With pleasure. Wait a moment, please. A. if the scarf looked nice on me B. what’s the new product like C. that Guilin is worth visiting D. how I can order a robot online 10. 【2019 • 四川省内江中考】Could you tell me ____________ this morning? A. what time you had breakfast B. where have you been C. how did you get there D. why will you leave earlier 11. 【2019 • 江苏省无锡中考】You’ve no idea ____________ to build a new airport. Let me tell you, young man. That’s billions of dollars! A. how much it will cost. B. how long it will take us C. how much will it cost D. how long will it take us 12. 【2019 • 江苏省镇江中考】—Do you believe that humans could live on Mars? —I don’t think ____________. A. if it comes true B. that it will come true C. why it will come true D. how does it come true 13. 【2019 • 云南省昆明中考】 In order to take a pleasant trip to Kunming, Dave emailed me to ask ____________ . A. what was Kunming most famous for B. what Kunming was most famous for C. whether is summer a good time to come D. whether summer is a good time to come 14.【2019 • 四川省遂宁市中考】 Could you tell me ____________? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when they would leave Beijing 15. 【2019 • 四川省达州市中考】—Linda, could you remember __________? —Have you forgotten we agreed to go to Hongkong? A. where are we going after exam B. where we are going after the exam C. where are we going to after the exam D. where we are going to after the exam 16. 【2019 • 青海省中考】—I don’ t know __________ we will go. —Why not？ We will go to the beach for a picnic. A. Where B. When C. how 17. 【2019 • 内蒙古呼和浩特中考】She was so angry at __________ he was doing __________ she walked out without a word. A. what; that B. that; what C. what; what D. that; that 18. 【2019 • 湖南省湘潭中考】—Can you tell me __________ on Father’s Day? —Guess what? Well I wrote a poem for my dad. A. when did you shop B. where you go C. what you did 19. 【2019 • 海南省中考】—Sandy, do you know __________? —Yes, some news about black holes. A. what Tom is searching for B. what is Tom searching for C. who Tom is searching for 20. 【2019 • 黑龙江省大庆市中考】The book __________ I read last night was fantastic. A. that B. what C. whose D. who 21. 【2019 • 甘肃省天水市中考】—Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ? —Yes. It’s the best one __________ I have ever seen. A. that B. which C. what D. it 22. 【2019 • 贵州省贵阳市中考】Wang Yangming is a great educationalist __________ developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen. A. which B. what C. who 23. 【2019 • 四川省达州市中考】—Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree __________ waiting in a line? —They are the students from No. 1 Primary School. A. that are B. where are C. which is D. who is 1. (济南汇才学校 2019-2020 学年度第一学期期中）—Excuse me, I wonder ________. —Near Quancheng Square. A. where is Baotu Spring B. when to see Baotu Spring C. how can I get to Baotu Spring D. where Baotu Spring is 2. （广东梅州梅县义径 2019——2020 学年上学期月考题）19.Did the radio say ? A. how the bad rice came B. where the bad rice came from C. how did the bad rice come D. where did the bad rice come from 3. （河南省南阳市内乡县 2019 届九年级中招一模考试).---Could you please tell me ________? ---Yes, she came to teach here just last week. A. that she is a new teacher B. when did she come here C. whether she is a new teacher D. what’s wrong with her 4. (河南省南阳市内乡县 2019 届九年级中招一模) .Do you have books about famous scientists ________ are suitable for children to read? A. what B. which C. who D. whom 5. (安徽省桐城市第二中学 2019 届九年级下学期第三次模拟)—I don’t care __________. In this camp, there’s only one hairstyle-short! Understand? —Yes, madam! A. what you are used to liking B. what you used to be like C. what are you used to liking D. what did you use to be like 6. (山东滨州部分地区 2019-2020 学年上学期第一次阶段测试)The teacher said light _____faster than sound. A. travel B. to travel C. travels D. travelling 7. (北京市上地实验学校 2019-2020 学年九年级上学期第二次统练)Do you know where now？ A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live 8. (2019 年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学模拟) The boy wants to do a project on recycling. He wonders ________. A. that she will do something to make a difference B. if the project can encourage everyone to recycle C. how can she help others to recycle useful materials D. where can people put the rubbish 9. (北京市西城区 2019 模拟测试）－Do you know ________? －In 2022. A. when will the next World Cup begin B. when did the next World Cup begin C. when the next World Cup will begin D. when the next World Cup began 10. (2019 年汕头市潮南区模拟)I think that “中国锦鲤” must be one of the hottest words on the Internet these days, but I don't know . A. what does it mean B. whom it first used by C. how it became popular D. why do people like using it 11. (2019 年汕头市潮南区模拟）—I prefer movies and actors can make me laugh. —So do I. I think you will fall in love with the movie Crazy Alien. A. who B. which C. what D. that 12 (山东青岛 2019 市北一模）---I wonder _________. ---I have no idea. A. why was he late B. that we will have the meeting C. what happened to her D. where was she born 13.(江苏吴江青云中学 18—19 学年第二学期 3 月调研)—Do you know _________? —Yes, she is very kind and outgoing. A. what’s his mother like B. what his mother likes C. what his mother is like D. how his mother is like