宿迁专版2020中考英语复习第二篇语法专题突破专题10动词的时态和语态课件 28页

语法专题（十） 动词的时态和语态 第二篇　语法专题突破 |动词的时态| 考点一　动词的各种形式 1. 动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词 类别 构成 例词 动词原形 没有经过任何变形,也就是 词典中给出的一般形式 be, have, do, learn 第三人称 单数形式 一般在动词原形后加-s run→runs, like→likes 以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词后 加-es teach→teaches, wash→washes, go→goes, pass→passes, fix→fixes 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词, 先将y变为i,再加-es study→studies, carry→carries 类别 构成 例词 现在分词 在动词后加-ing read→reading, cook→cooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的 动词,去掉e再加-ing live→living, write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词, 末尾只有一个辅音字母时, 双写该辅音字母后再加-ing sit→sitting, shop→shopping, begin→beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词 要变ie为y,再加-ing die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying 2. 动词的过去式及过去分词的构成 变化情况 规则 例词 规则 变化 在动词原形后加-ed work→worked→worked, stay→stayed→stayed 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词, 先将y变为i再加-ed carry→carried→carried, study→studied→studied 以不发音的字母e结尾的 动词,直接加-d live→lived→lived, close→closed→closed 以重读闭音节结尾而末尾 只有一个辅音字母的动词,双 写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop→stopped→stopped, plan→planned→planned 变化情况 规则 例词 不规则 变化 AAA型(即原形、过去式与 过去分词三式同型) cut→cut→cut, put→put→put, let→let→let ABB型(即过去式与过去分 词同型) think→thought→thought, teach→taught→taught ABC型(即原形、过去式与 过去分词不同型) do→did→done, go→went→gone ABA型(即原形与过去分词 同型) come→came→come, run→ran→run 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 一 般 现 在 时 (1)表示经常性、 习惯性的动作 (2)表示现在的 状态、特征或真 理 (3)在时间、条 件状语从句中, 常用一般现在时 代替将来时 (1)主语+动词原形 (2)主语(第三人称 单数)+动词(第三 人称单数) (3)主语+am/is/ are+其他 often, usually, sometimes, every day ( week/month /year…),once a week等 He goes to school every day. 他每天都去上学。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 If she is free, she will come to see me tomorrow. 如果她明天有空就会来看我。 考点二　常见6种时态的构成及用法 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 一 般 过 去 时 (1)表示过去某 时发生的事 (2)表示过去存 在的状态或过去 反复发生的动作 (1)主语+动词过去 式 (2)主语+was/ were+其他 yesterday, last year (week/night /month), three years ago, in 2015, just now等 He worked in a factory in 2015. 他2015年在一家工厂工作。 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 一 般 将 来 时 (1)表示将来 的动作或状态 (2)表示即将 发生的或最近 打算做的事 (3)表示按计 划即将发生的 动作 (1)主语+will/shall+动词原形 (2)主语+be going to+动词 原形 (3)go, come, start, move, leave等可用进行时态表将来 [注意]there be句型的一般将 来时结构为There will be/ There is/are going to be tomorrow, next week (year/month), in+时间段, in 2025等 We will have a party tomorrow. 明天我们将有个聚会。 I'm leaving for Beijing. 我将要动身去北京。 There will be a meeting tomorrow. 明天将有一个会议。 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 现 在 进 行 时 表示说话时刻 或现阶段正在进 行的动作 主语+am/is/are +现在分词 now, look, listen, these days, at the moment等 Look! They are playing football. 看!他们正在踢足球。 I'm doing my homework now. 现在我正在做我的家庭作业。 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 过 去 进 行 时 表示过去某一 时刻、某一阶段 正在进行的动作 主语+was/were+ 现在分词 at that moment, at this time yesterday, at…o'clock yesterday evening等 I was watching TV at 8:00 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。 He was reading a novel when I came in. 当我进来的时候,他正在看小说。 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 现 在 完 成 时 (1) 表示动作 在说话之前已 完成,对现在有 影响 (2)表示动作开 始于过去,持续 到现在并可能 继续进行下去 主语+have/ has+过去分词 just, ever, yet, already, so far, in the past 5 years, for和since引 导的时间状语 He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。 He has studied English for 5 years. 他学习英语已经五年了。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。 They have been married for 30 years.他们已经结婚三十年了。 时态 用法 构成 常见标志 例句 过 去 将 来 时 表示从过去的 某一时刻来看将 要发生的动作。 常用于主句是一 般过去时的宾从 句中 (1)would+动 词原形 (2)was/were +going to+ 动词原形 判断过去将来时一 定要有一个用于表 示“过去”的参照 物。这个参照物往 往不是时间,而是一 个发生在过去的动 作。 His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year. 他叔叔说第二年会有个 好收成。 [拓展] 过去将来时,过去完成时[了解] 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 过 去 完 成 时 表示过去的某 一时刻以前已经 发生的动作或存 在的状态,也就是 “过去的过去” had+过去分词 by, before短语 或when, before, after, until等引 导的从句作为时 间状语 My teacher said she had never been to London. 我的老师说她 从来没去过伦敦。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 当警察 到达时,小偷已经逃跑了。 [注意] 短暂性动词与时间段连用或用于how long提问的问句中时,要转换成对 应的延续性动词,常见的短暂性动词及其转换如下： arrive→be here begin/start→be on die→be dead 　　　　　　 leave→be away go out→be out finish/end→be over get up→be up put on→wear/be on open→be open join→be in/be a member of close→be closed borrow→keep buy/get→have catch (a cold)→have (a cold) marry→be married fall ill/sick/asleep→be ill/sick/asleep |动词的语态| 考点一　被动语态的构成 　　被动语态的基本结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词”。与主动语态一样, 被动语态也有各种时态变化,列表如下(以动词do为例)： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done 一般过去时 did was/were+done 一般将来时 will/be(am/is/are)going to+do will/be(am/is/are)going to+be+done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been+done 含情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done [注意] (1)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间 接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。 My father bought me a computer. →A computer was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一台电脑。 (2)有些感官动词和使役动词(hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等)在主动 语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to,但变成被动语态时,必须 将to还原。 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. →The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss. 老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。 (3)主动语态变被动语态的方法 【巧学妙记】 感官动词和使役动词： 一感(feel);二听(hear, listen to);三让(let, make, have); 四看(see, watch, look at, notice) 考点二　被动语态的用法 1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种水稻。 2. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越 多的人讲汉语。 3. 动作的发出者是某个事物。 Many houses were washed away in the flood. 在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。 4. 固定句型中常用的被动语态。如：It's said that…(据说……), It's reported that…(据报道……), It's well-known that…(众所周知……)等。 考点三　主动形式表被动意义 1. look, smell, feel, taste等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。 The cloth feels soft. 这布摸起来很软。 The cake tastes delicious. 这蛋糕尝起来很美味。 2. need/require/want+doing sth. 意为“……需要……”。 The door needs repairing. 这门需要修理。 The window wants cleaning. 这窗户需要清洁。 3. 某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。该结构为主动形式, 可表被动意义。 These books sell well. 这些书卖得很好。 The shop opens every day. 这家店每天都营业。 4. 不及物动词和动词短语,如：happen, take place, come out, come true, run out 等。 A traffic accident happened last night. 昨晚发生了一起交通事故。 If you work hard, your dream will come true. 如果你努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。 对 接 中 考 专 练 Ⅰ.单项选择 1. [2019·宿迁]Students in Grade Nine 　　　　a maths exam at this time yesterday. A.take B.are taking C.were taking D.have taken 2. [2018·宿迁]Liu Chuanjian, the command pilot of Sichuan Airlines Flight 3U8633, successfully 　　　　down the plane last month. A.has brought B.will bring C.brought D.bring C C 对 接 中 考 专 练 3. [2017·宿迁]My grandparents 　　　　for over 60 years and they love each other very much. A.have been married B.got married C.were married D.have got married 4. [2014·宿迁]There 　　　　a charity show at the school hall next week. A.was B.will be C.has been D.are 5. Nowadays, because of Readers(《朗读者》) by CCTV, many book fans 　　　　reading in public places. A.will see B.were seen C.are seen D.have seen A B C 对 接 中 考 专 练 6. The debate on whether to keep pets 　　　　forty minutes yesterday afternoon. A.last B.lasted C.will last D.has lasted 7. —It's said that drinking coffee　　 cancer. Do I have to give it up? —Relax! Not everything on WeChat is true. In fact, a coffee a day keeps the doctor away. A.causes B.has caused C.caused D.had caused 8. —Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone. —I'm sorry. I　　　　 football with my friends then. A.play B.played C.am playing D.was playing B A D 对 接 中 考 专 练 9. —Linda, Dad has finished his work and we 　　　　to the gym to pick you up. —Thank you, Mum. A.drive B.drove C.have driven D.are driving 10. —Has your daughter come back from Australia? —Yes. She 　　　　there for three years. A.has stayed B.stays C.stayed D.had stayed 11. There 　　　　a folk music concert in Xinjiang Opera Theater next month. A.is going to have B.will have C.is D.is going to be D C D 对 接 中 考 专 练 12. —Can you go to the movies with me tonight? —I have to ask my mum. If I 　　　　, I will go with you. A.allow B.allowed C.am allowed D.was allowed 13. —Your hometown is beautiful, and the air is really fresh. —Yes. Many trees and flowers 　　　　around here every year. A.plant B.are planted C.was planted D.will plant C B 对 接 中 考 专 练 14. I plan to build an unusual house. It 　　　　out of old things. A.is built B.has built C.was built D.will be built 15. —Clark, your room is really in a mess. It needs　　　　. —Sorry, Mum. I'll do it at once. A.clean B.cleaned C.to clean D.to be cleaned D D 对 接 中 考 专 练 Ⅱ.根据句意或句子的语法要求,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. I 　　　　 (keep) the books for three weeks, so I have to return them this afternoon. 2. We will insist on it until she 　　　　 (change) her idea. 3. The passengers 　　　　 (tell) just now that the highway was closed because of the heavy fog. 4. After many years‘ hard work, she 　　　　 (realize) her dream of winning a gold in the Olympics. 5. If Bob　　　　 (stay) away from junk food, he will be in good health. have kept changes were told realized stays 对 接 中 考 专 练 6. —Have you watched the movie The Lion King(《狮子王》), Kelly? —Not yet. I　　　　 (watch) it with my cousin tonight. 7. —How did the accident happen? —The girl　　　 　 (read) WeChat while walking across the street. 8. Students do less homework now. Usually it　　　 　 (finish) before 9 o'clock in the evening. 9. He was made　　　　 (leave) his hometown. 10. Chinese style of crossing roads is a bad habit and must 　 ________　 (prevent). be prevented will watch was reading is finished to leave