2020-2021学年中考英语训练专题08 阅读理解之略读 22页

‎2020-2021学年中考英语重难点题型讲解训练专题08 阅读理解之略读 阅读理解题题样多，难度大，涉及面广。今天主要讨论的是阅读技巧问题，怎样可以提高阅读速度。根据阅读题材阅读目的不同，应该采取不同的阅读技巧。同时，也要根据不同目的适时调整阅读速度。这里我们介绍一种很常见的快速阅读技巧：略读。‎ Part 1概念 略读又称跳读(reading and skipping)或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门的，非常实用的快速阅读技能。所谓略读，是指以尽可能快的速读阅读，如同从飞机上鸟瞰 (bird'seye view )地面上的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说，略读是要求有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。据统计，训练有素的略读者(skimmer)的阅读速度可以达到每分钟3000到4000个词。在略读过程中，一般可运用以下技巧：以一般阅读速度，阅读文章开头的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意，背景情况，作者的文章风格，口吻或语气等;阅读段落的主题句和结论句。抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意，然后略去细节不读，以求得略读速度;根据文章的难易程度和这到的目的，不断灵活地调整阅读速度; 注意转折词和序列词。转折词如however,moreover, in addition等，序列词firstly,secondly等;根据文章的难易程度和要回答的问题，不断灵活地调整阅读速度; 若无需要，不必阅读细节。‎ ‎ Part 2略读技巧 略读又称跳读或浏览，是一种专门的、非常实用的快速阅读技能。所谓略读，是指以尽可能快的速度阅读，如同从飞机上鸟瞰地面上的明显标志一样，迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。换句话说，略读是要求读者有选择地进行阅读，可跳过某些细节，以求抓住文章的大概，从而加快阅读速度。 ‎ ‎　　略读使用的范围很多。通常在时间有限而又需要阅读大量材料的情况下，或者你想了解一些文章是否对你的研究课题有用时，你都有可能使用此阅读技巧。略读可以运用下列技巧： ‎ ‎　　1.注意留心文章标题，小标题和字幕说明，同时思考文章的主题和题材。还要利用印刷细节，如书或文章的标题、副标题、小标题、斜体词、黑体词、脚注、标点符号等，对书和文章进行预测略读。预测 略读要了解作者的思路、文章方式（模式），以便把握大意，有关的细节及其相互关系。举例来说，各种文体的写作特点明显会给你有所提示的。记叙文突出细节的阅读和基本内容的理解。重点注意主要人物的言行，事件的起因、时间、地点。通过人物的言行，事情的经过去理解人或事物的意义。描写文阅读注意力集中在人或物的特点或特征描写。说明文说明文旨在说明或解释事物的性质、特征和内在的联系。阅读重点为寻找和归纳主题句或结论。议论文阚明事物的性质，表明作者的观点和看法。指导学生重点捕捉作者的观点。阅读注意力集中在首尾段，注意分清主要段落和次要段落。 ‎ ‎　　2.一般说来，文章开头总是很重要的。可以以较慢的阅读速度（200-250wpm），阅读文章开头的一、二段，力求抓住文章大意、背景情况。作者的文章风格、口吻或语气等也会有所体现。无论作者的语气是轻松愉快还是尖锐讽刺，作者的态度是肯定支持还是怀疑否定，都会对你理解整篇文章有很大的帮助。 ‎ ‎　　3.养成良好的阅读习惯。不要逐字逐字阅读，让眼睛掠过文章，刻意留心重要词汇。每个人都有此阅读能力。就像在你生活中，你会很随意的浏览广告牌，布告栏上的文字。眼睛扫过去，整个信息已经进入眼帘。所以，相信自己你有这个能力的。现在你要做的是加强这方面的训练。很容易可以找到一本此类方面的书，你可以循序渐进的练习。通过扩大眼睛的注视范围，来提高阅读能力。很自然地，每一次两个单词，三个单词，四个单词，或者更多单词会映入眼帘。这样的练习会帮助你减少阅读疲劳感，同时还会增强眼睛与大脑之问传递信息的能力。 ‎ ‎4.注意转折词和序列词。关联词使文章的句子，段落形成一个有机的整体，服务一个主题，表明文中句段的开启、转折、延伸、因果等逻辑关系。寻读关联词，会帮助你弄清文章的语言层次，明晰局段之间的逻辑关系，从而快速准确了解文章的中心意思和作者写作意图。‎ ‎【例1】‎ When I was 17， I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay，once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay．She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death．On a sunny Saturday，Sally and I drove over to the museum．She asked， "Do you have the address？ ""No， but I'll recognize it， there was a picture in the magazine．‎ ‎ "Oh， stop． There it is！"‎ ‎ The museum was free． We entered， excited． A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us．‎ ‎ "May I help you？" a man asked． "No， "I said． "we're fine．" Tour guides got on my nerves． What if they ‎ talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in？ Sally had gone upstairs． The people in the hall seemed very nosy（爱窥探的）， keeping their eyes on me with curiosity． What was their problem？ I saw some nice sculptures in one room． Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me． "Where do you think you are？" he asked． I turned sharply． "The McNay Art Museum！" He smiled， shaking his head． "Sorry， the McNay is on New Braunfels Street． ""what's this place？" I asked， still confused． "Well， it' s our home．"My heart jolted（震颤），I raced to the staircase and called out，" Sally! Come down immediately!‎ ‎ "There' s some really good stuff（艺术作品） up there．" She stepped down， looking confused． I pushed her toward the front door， waving at the family， saying， "Sorry， please forgive us， you have a really nice place． "Outside， when I told Sally what happened， she covered her mouth， laughing． She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything．‎ ‎ The real McNay was splendid， but we felt nervous the whole time we were there． Van Gogh， Picasso． This time， we stayed together， in case anything else unusual happened．‎ ‎ Thirty years later， a woman approached me in a public place． "Excuse me， did you ever enter a residence， long ago， thinking it was the McNay Museum？"‎ ‎ "Yes． But how do you know？ We never told anyone．"‎ ‎ "That was my home． I was a teenager sitting in the hall． Before you came over， I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in． I never felt lucky before． You thought it was a museum． My feelings about my home changed after that． I've always wanted to thank you．"‎ ‎（1）What do we know about Marian McNay？ ‎ A． She was a painter．‎ B． She was a community leader．‎ C． She was a museum director．‎ D． She was a journalist．‎ ‎（2）Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house？ ‎ A． She disliked people who were nosy．‎ B． She felt nervous when talking to strangers．‎ C． She knew more about art than the man．‎ D． She mistook him for a tour guide．‎ ‎（3）How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall？ ‎ A． Puzzled．‎ B． Concerned．‎ C． Frightened．‎ D． Delighted．‎ ‎（4）Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words？ ‎ A． The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her．‎ B． She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum．‎ C． The McNay was disappointing compared with the house．‎ D． The event happening in the house was more significant．‎ ‎（5）What could we learn from the last paragraph？ ‎ A． People should have good taste to enjoy life．‎ B． People should spend more time with their family．‎ C． People tend to be blind to the beauty around them．‎ D． People tend to educate teenagers at a museum．‎ ‎【详解】本文主要讲述作者和萨利驱车去参观麦克内伊博物馆的故事．由于博物馆是免费的，她们进去时，大厅里的人们停止了谈话，盯着他们．她们看了很长时间，最后才知道这是一个私人的民宅．‎ ‎1． A．细节理解题．根据第一段When I was 17， I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay， once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay（当我十七岁时，我读到一篇关于麦克内伊博物馆的杂志文章，以前是一位名叫玛丽麦克内伊水彩画家的家）可知，A项正确．‎ ‎2． D．细节理解题．根据第四段What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in（如果他们对一幅你不感兴趣的画谈论很长时间你会怎么办呢）可知，D项正确．‎ ‎3． A．细节理解题．根据第四段The people in the hall seemed very nosy， keeping their eyes on me with curiosity． What was their problem（大厅里的人们看来爱窥探，他们的眼睛好奇地看着我．他们的问题是什么）可知，A项正确．‎ ‎4． D．推理判断题．根据第五段"There' s some really good stuff up there．" She stepped down（她退出来说："那里确实有一些好艺术作品"）及She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything（她不敢相信他们什么也没说让我们四处看了那么长时间）可知，D项正确．根据第六段排除A、B、C项．‎ ‎5． C．推理判断题．根据段中Before you came over， I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in． I never felt lucky before（在你们从远处来之前，我从来没有意识到我住在一个多么美丽的地方．我以前从来没有感到幸运）可知，C项正确．‎ ‎【例2】‎ As early as 2005， there were a number of news stories about dog cloning and cat cloning． Animal cloning had been old news for nearly a decade by then， with the revolutionary cloning of Dolly the sheep in Scotland．‎ ‎ However， Snuppy was the first pet， a dog， to be cloned． Since the cloning of Snuppy， there has been some very successful cloning of pets and other animals． Lou Hawthorne started BioArts while cloning his beloved mixed-breed dog Missy． Hawthorne was very pleased with the results of the cloning， producing three successful clones that were very alike to the original in character and behavior． In January， 2009， a Florida couple， Ed and Nina Otto， announced that they had paid to have their dog cloned by BioArts．‎ ‎ All new technology is overpriced． For example， personal computers were not very affordable at ‎ first． Only after the producing process was improved was it possible for every family to have a computer． How much room there will be for organizations to reduce the price point on pet cloning without broad demand is of course questionable．‎ ‎ There are many great dogs and cats that can be found at the local dog pound or are given away for "free to good homes" in classified ads． However， there is no limit to the value people place on a beloved pet． The Ottos are a good example of that． If people can purchase a dog or cat with predictable behavior and characteristics， there is value in that． There is a predictable market here， though it may always be limited in size．‎ ‎ While pet cloning has not taken off as some hoped， it's clear that it will become a bigger market in the future and it will be increasingly possible for people to try this out． With the inevitable success that cloned pet owners will have， the practice will become more widely accepted and it seems inevitable that there is a future for cloned dogs and cats．‎ ‎（1）What is the paragraph 2 mainly about？ ‎ A． The cases of pet cloning．‎ B． The history of pet cloning．‎ C． The behavior of cloned animals．‎ D． The development of animal cloning．‎ ‎（2）What can be inferred from the passage？ ‎ A． Pet cloning will be accepted by everyone．‎ B． The price of pet cloning may not be cheap．‎ C． Human cloning may one day become a reality．‎ D． New technology of pet cloning will be invented．‎ ‎（3）Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph？ ‎ A． declined．‎ B． appeared．‎ C． understood．‎ D． boosted．‎ ‎（4）What's the author's attitude toward the market of pet cloning？ ‎ A． Optimistic．‎ B． Negative．‎ C． Indifferent．‎ D． Fearful．‎ ‎【详解】本文章主要讲述了克隆宠物的情况，越来越多的克隆猫和克隆狗，而且未来这个市场将会非常的强大．‎ ‎1．A．细节题．根据文章内容"Snuppy was the first pet， a dog， to be cloned． Since the cloning of Snuppy， there has been some very successful cloning of pets and other animals．"Snuppy是第一个被克隆的宠物，自从SnopPy的克隆以来，宠物和其他动物的克隆非常成功．可知，第二段主要讲述了宠物克隆案例．故选A．‎ ‎2．B．细节题．根据文章内容"there is no limit to the value people place on a beloved pet． The Ottos are a good example of that．"人们对宠爱宠物的价值是没有限制的．Ottos就是一个很好的例子．可知，克隆宠物的价格可能并不便宜．故选B．‎ ‎3．D．词意题．根据文章内容" it's clear that it will become a bigger market in the future and it will be increasingly possible for people to try this out． "很显然，它将在未来成为一个更大的市场，人们将越来越有可能尝试这一点．可知，划线词的含义是提高．故选D．‎ ‎4．A．细节题．根据文章内容"With the inevitable success that cloned pet owners will have， the practice will become more widely accepted and it seems inevitable that there is a future for cloned dogs and cats．"它将在未来成为一个更大的市场，人们将越来越有可能尝试这一点．可知，作者对宠物克隆市场的态度是乐观的．‎ 精讲精练 ‎【例题1】 ‎ ‎"When I grow up， I want to be a runner． " These words are spoken by thousands of Kenyan children． 50percent of the Kenyan top runners are members of Kalenjin， one minority race of the country． They make up less than two percent of Kenya's population． This fact has puzzled sports scientists． They have spent considerable time and effort trying to answer one question： What enables the Kalenjin people to run so fast？‎ ‎ Although the question seems simple， finding the answer has proven to be difficult and controversial． A team of Danish sports scientists spent 18months and discovered the Kalenjins had remarkably slow heart rates even when running long distances． The Kalenjins live in high-elevation（高海拔） villages in the Rift Valley in western Kenya． People living at high elevations produce more red blood cells， which aid in the transport of oxygen throughout the body． Because the air is thinner and contains less oxygen at high elevations， the body produces more red blood cells． Scientists believe there is a connection between increased red blood cells and low heart rates and that both may enable high-altitude athletes to outperform those who train at low altitudes． The Danish scientists also studied the bodies of the Kalenjins and compared them to those of the Danes． They found that the Kalenjins have longer "birdlike" legs． The Kalenjins also have lower body mass indexes （a measure of body fat based on weight and height） and shorter bodies than Danish people．‎ ‎ As a result of the Danish study， some scientists made the conclusion that the Kalenjins possess what is called a "speed gene（基因）"． However， Kenyan runners were offended by this conclusion They credited their success to hard work and endless hours of training．‎ ‎ Although the controversy over the "speed gene" remains unsolved， British runner Mo Farah's experience offers an interesting perspective on the subject． In 2005， he realized he wasn't meeting his potential as a runner． A group of Kenyan runners were training in England then． After he accidentally observed the Kenyans' strict training routines and dedication to their sport， Farah said it was like a switch had been turned on in his head． He began eating healthy foods， going to bed early， and training harder than he had ever trained in his life． As a result， Farah's running career exploded． He has won seven world and Olympic titles in the 5000m and regularly ‎ beats Kenya's top runners!‎ ‎ Farah's story proves what Kenyans have known all along． Regardless of genetics， their success would not be possible without hard work， dedication， sacrifice， and mental toughness． Their "secret" is simple． Train hard， run fast， and never give up．‎ ‎（1）What interested the sports scientists？ ‎ A． Kenyan sports history．‎ B． Kanlenjins' running ability．‎ C． Kanlenjins' training methods．‎ D． Kenyans' enthusiasm for sport．‎ ‎（2）According to Danish scientists， what leads to the Kanlenjins' success？ ‎ A． Physical condition．‎ C． Hard training．‎ B． Living style．‎ D． Strong will．‎ ‎（3）How did Kenyan runners think about Danish research result？ ‎ A． Convincing．‎ C． Astonishing．‎ B． Unacceptable．‎ D． Important．‎ ‎（4）Why is Mo Farah's story mentioned in the passage？ ‎ A． To show running methods count．‎ B． To encourage British athletes．‎ C． To prove effort pays off．‎ D． To support gene theory．‎ ‎【答案】BABC ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．B．细节理解题．根据This fact has puzzled sports scientists． They have spent considerable time and effort trying to answer one question： What enables the Kalenjin people to run so fast？可知，坎伦金斯人的运动能力让体育科学家很感兴趣．故选B．‎ ‎2．A．细节理解题．根据As a result of the Danish study， some scientists made the conclusion that the Kalenjins possess what is called a "speed gene（基因）"． 可知，是基因，身体状况让他们有很强的运动能力．故选A．‎ ‎3．B．细节理解题．根据However， Kenyan runners were offended by this conclusion They credited their success to hard work and endless hours of training．可知，他们不认同科学家的结果，他们将自己的成功归功于辛勤工作和无尽的训练时间．故选B．‎ ‎4．C．推理判断题．根据 Farah's story proves what Kenyans have known all along． Regardless of genetics， their success would not be possible without hard work， dedication， sacrifice， and mental toughness． Their "secret" is simple． Train hard， run fast， and never give up．可知，Mo Farah的故事是为了说明努力才会有回报．故选C．‎ ‎【练习1】 ‎ The ministry of education recently published national standards for the management of primary and secondary schools． It says that schools and parents should work together to ensure primary school students sleep at least 10 hours a day and middle school students sleep nine hours a day．‎ However， we interviewed some students' parents and none of our interviewees said they could achieve that goal． And none of the interviewees believed other parents would be able to achieve that goal．‎ This has to do with the academic burden on children． Many kids have ridiculous amounts of homework to do each night， while they also suffer from the additional burden of after-school courses． The truth is that children have to work harder than adults．‎ It should be noted that many parents are rather tired with this situation， and they complain about being exhausted by helping their children with homework and feel pressured by the economic burden of after-school courses．‎ Doubtlessly， the main course lies in the competition in society． No parents want their children to fall behind in the race．‎ The problem is especially serious in many cities such as Beijing and Shanghai， where there are both quality education resources and fierce competition． It is difficult for children in these cities to sleep enough hours every day．‎ In order to change this， education resources need to be more fairly equal， especially for primary education， so that students and their parents do not have to compete so fiercely for the limited amount of quality education resources．‎ Such things are always easier said than done， of course． To balance primary and secondary education resources will be a difficult process． But only by doing so will our children get enough sleep every day．‎ ‎28． What is the purpose of the national standards mentioned in Paragraph 1？ ‎ A． To make sure students have enough sleep．‎ B． To explain why enough sleep is important for students．‎ C． To find out why students can't have enough sleep．‎ D． To state how the national standards are carried out．‎ ‎29． Which fact does mainly lead to students' lack of sleep？ ‎ A． Learning stress．‎ B． Economical pressure from extra courses．‎ C． Fierce social competition．‎ D． Low efficiency in study．‎ ‎30． According to the author， the government should ．‎ A． reduce the learning courses．‎ B． provide equal education resources．‎ C． strengthen financial support．‎ D． publish strict education policy．‎ ‎31． Which one can BEST describe the structure of the passage？ ‎ A． Compare and contrast．‎ B． Cause and effect．‎ C． Reason and solution．‎ D． Opinion and suggestion．‎ ‎【答案】ACBC ‎【解析】‎ ‎28．A．推理判断题．根据" It says that schools and parents should work together to ensure primary school students sleep at least 10 hours a day and middle school students sleep nine hours a day．"可知，第一段提到国家规定是为了确保学生有足够的睡眠．故选A．‎ ‎29．C．推理判断题．根据" while they also suffer from the additional burden of after﹣school courses． The truth is that children have to work harder than adults"可知，激烈的竞争环境导致学生缺乏睡眠．故选C．‎ ‎30．B．细节理解题．根据"In order to change this， education resources need to be more fairly equal， especially for primary education"可知，政府应该提供平等的教育资源．故选B．‎ ‎31．C ‎．细节理解题．根据文章内容可知，本文先是提出了需要解决的问题，后又写出了解决问题的几种方法．故选C．‎ ‎【例题2】 ‎ You must think a computer is the best thing in the world， right？ You must think it works at a super speed and can do everything？ Well， it's not! In fact，the brain is much more powerful than any super computer! Think about when a glass is just about to fall off the table．Your brain controls everything that you need to do to save that glass from falling． First your eyes check out what 's going on， then tell your brain． and your brain decides how quickly you need to react （反应）， and then your muscles （肌肉） go into action． That is just from your brain． No computer could ever come close to that! ‎ The brain weighs just 3 pounds， but it controls everything you do from thinking， learning， feeling even to breathing and your heart beating． Even though the brain is just 2% of your body weight， it uses around 20% of all your energy in your body． That is a lot for such a small organ （器官）． There are about 100 billion tiny， tiny little cells （细胞） in your brain． There are so many that it would take you over 3.000 years to count them all!‎ Your brain stops growing when you're 18， but it actually keeps on developing and learning new things． So your parents are really super smart! You won't be able to fool them! Believe it or not， your brain NEVER stops working． Even during sleeping， the brain works for long- term memory establishment （建立）． It is realized that the brain is the second organ in the body as the heart that never stops during human lives．‎ So everyone should be proud of such a gift of nature．‎ ‎（1）In Paragraph 1， the writer wants to tell us _______．‎ A． eyes and muscles react quickly B． the brain controls everything in your body C． the computer is the best thing in the world D． the brain is more powerful than any computer ‎（2）In Paragraph 2， the underlined word " That" refers to （指的是）_______．‎ A． the body weight B． 2% of the body weight C． all energy in the body D． around 20% of the energy in the body ‎（3）Which is RIGHT according to the passage ？ ‎ A． The brain doesn't work during sleeping．‎ B． The brain is the only organ that never stops．‎ C． The brain keeps growing during human lives．‎ D． The brain keeps on developing during human lives．‎ ‎（4）Which word can best describe the brain according to the passage ？ ‎ A． Magic．‎ B． Quick．‎ C． Light．‎ D． Developing．‎ ‎（5）In which magazine can the passage be found most probably ？ ‎ A． Business Weekly B． Medicine C． Science D． Sports ‎【答案】DDDAC ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．D，段落大意题，根据In fact，the brain is much more powerful than any super computer可知讲述的是电脑远远比不上人脑，故选D．‎ ‎2．D，细节理解题，前面提到it uses around 20% of all your energy in your body用掉所有能量的20%，由此可知是能量消耗较大，故选D．‎ ‎3．D，细节理解题，根据Your brain stops growing when you're 18， but it actually keeps on developing and learning new things可知虽然18岁之后大脑就不长了，但是会一直完善功能，故选D．‎ ‎4．A，细节理解题，根据 It is realized that the brain is the second organ in the body as the heart that never stops during human lives可知大脑不会停止工作，前文也提到他控制着我们身体的每一个器官，由此可知这是一个神奇的器官，故选A．‎ ‎5．C，主旨归纳题，文章主要讲述的是有关于大脑的事情，讲述了期生长以及工作情况，这是科普性质的阐述，最有可能来自于科学杂志，故选C．‎ ‎【练习2】 ‎ Nature's warnings When the sky suddenly turns dark and the wind is strong， watch out! A dangerous storm might be coming． Storms are scary． Watch for flashes of lightning． Listen for thunder． If nature sends these warnings， don't wait for rain． Act right away to keep safe．‎ Safety Steps ‎ ‎ At the first flash of lightning， quickly get inside a building or a car． Do not go into a shed （棚）for protection． It is not closed like a building， so it is not safe．‎ ‎ Even after you are indoors， be careful． It is not smart to go near doors and windows． They can blow in or break． A room with no windows is the safest place to be．‎ ‎ Do not wash your hands during a storm． Do not use anything that runs on electricity either. Water and ‎ electrical lines are like roads for lightning． Even if you really want to play computer games， don't! It is better to be bored than to risk getting hurt． Try reading a book instead． Reading is more fun than playing computer games．‎ ‎ If you can't get to somewhere safe， stay out in the open． You may feel safe under a tree， but that is not a good place to be． Lightning is pulling toward tall poles and trees． Stay down in an open space and cover your ears to protect them． Loud thunder can damage your hearing．‎ Lightning Strikes ‎ Lightning does not strike people very often． It is not likely that you will ever see that happen． If you do， call 1-2-0． Only trained emergency workers should care for a person who has been hit by lighting．‎ ‎ If you follow these rules， you should stay safe during a storm．‎ ‎（1）From Paragraph I， we learn that ________．‎ A． storms are frightening and harmful B． storms often come without warnings C． people should wait and watch lightning D． people should take action after the storm ‎（2）The underlined word "It" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________．‎ A． a building B． a car C． a room D． a shed ‎（3）During a storm you had better ________．‎ A． use a computer for a while B． listen for thunder by a window C． leave the room and stay out D． find a closed or an open place ‎（4）If a person is hit by lightning， you should ________．‎ A call for emergency help B． stay down in a safe space C． move him or her to safety D． cover his or her ears quickly ‎（5）The best title for the passage is ________．‎ A． Training Steps B． Home Rules C． Natural Order D． Storm Safety ‎【答案】ADDAD ‎【解析】‎ ‎1． A，细节理解题，根据Storms are scary可知暴风雨很可怕，很危险，故选A．‎ ‎2．D，句意理解题，根据Do not go into a shed （棚）for protection可知因为棚子很简陋，不能很好的保护避雨的人，所以此处指的是棚子，故选D．‎ ‎3．D，细节理解题，下雨可以 At the first flash of lightning， quickly get inside a building or a car躲在密闭的室内，或者 Stay down in an open space待在户外较开阔的地方，故选D．‎ ‎4．A，细节理解题，根据If you do， call 1﹣2﹣0．可知如果被闪电击中，要打电话叫救护车，故选A．‎ ‎5．D，主旨归纳题，最后一句提到 If you follow these rules， you should stay safe during a storm遵循这些，在暴风雨的天气下就会很安全，此文章主要讲述的是如何在暴雨中确保安全，故选D．‎ ‎【例题3】 ‎ Have you ever seen rows of different cars parked on a big playground， with their boots（汽车后备箱） open？ The boots are packed with things like books， pictures， kid's toys． This is a car boot sale． It is popular in the UK．‎ ‎ If you have lots of things and have nowhere to put them， and don't want to throw them away， why not try a car boot sale？ Go to a car boot sale and you may be excited about what you find．‎ ‎ You can find almost anything at a car boot sale， from beds， tables to necklaces and ring…．‎ ‎ Most of the things are second-hand， so they are usually low-priced． I like to hunt for books． I was petty proud when I bought four books from the Harry Potter． Series and they cost me just over ¥2．‎ ‎ Here is a little tip that not everybody knows； When it's nearly the end of the sale（they usually finish in the early afternoon）， many sellers cut the prices because they want to throw away things． Quite often you'll find "all for 10p"， "Buy one and get one free" and "Take it away!"It's clear that they just want to throw those things away．‎ ‎ However， there may not be much good stuff（物品）left in the end-the things people really want are sole quickly． So， as they say， the early bird catches the worm!‎ ‎（1）Why are most things at such a low price at a car boot sale？ ‎ A． Because they are terrible．‎ B． Because they are useless．‎ C． Because they are small things．‎ D． Because they are second-hand．‎ ‎（2）Which of the following things you may NOT find at a car boot sale？ ‎ A． Food and drinks B． books and pictures C． Beds and tables D．Necklaces and rings ‎（3）How did the writer feel when he got four books from the Harry Potter series？ ‎ A． Terrible B． Excited C． Proud D． Nervous ‎（4）Many sellers usually cut the prices_________．‎ A． at the beginning of the sale B． nearly at the end of the sale C． in the early morning D． when there is bad weather ‎（5）What is the reading mainly about？ ‎ A． A car boot sale in the UK．‎ B． A car show in the UK．‎ C． What a car boot sale．‎ D．A good way to save money．‎ ‎【答案】DACBA ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．D 细节理解题，根据文中的第4段Most of the things are second﹣hand， so they are usually low﹣priced ‎．可知 大部分的东西都是二手货，所以通常价格很低，故答案D．‎ ‎2．A 细节理解题，根据文中的第3段 You can find almost anything at a car boot sale， from beds， tables to necklaces and ring…．你可以在车靴销售中找到几乎所有的东西，从床、桌子到项链和戒指可知没有提到食物和饮料，故答案A．‎ ‎3．C 细节理解题，根据文中的第4段 I was petty proud when I bought four books from the Harry Potter．可知 我从哈利•波特系列买了四本书时，我感到很骄傲，故答案C．‎ ‎4．B 细节理解题，根据文中的第5段 When it's nearly the end of the sale（they usually finish in the early afternoon）， many sellers cut the prices because they want to throw away things．可知 当它接近销售结束（他们通常在下午早些时候结束），许多卖家降价，因为他们想扔掉的东西，故答案B．‎ ‎5．A 主旨归纳题，根据文中的第1段This is a car boot sale． It is popular in the UK．可知主要介绍的这是一个旧物销售．它在英国很流行，故答案A．‎ 课后作业 ‎ ‎ Researchers in the 1960s found bilingual （双语的）people scored higher on intelligence （智力）tests than monolinguals--people who speak only one language． The latest studies show that being bilingual does not necessarily make people cleverer， but it probably does make you better at certain skills．‎ ‎ Imagine driving down the highway． There're many things that could attract your attention and you really need to be able to watch all of them． Why would bilingualism make you any better at that？‎ ‎ The answer is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention-a function （功能）called the executive control system． It's quite possibly the most important system we have because it's where all of your decisions about what to attend to， what to ignore（忽视），what to process are made．‎ ‎ The best method to measure（测量） the executive control system is called the Stroop Test． Suppose you ‎ would have the word "blue" written in red， but you have to say the colour red． But "blue" is so eye- catching， and you really want to say"blue"． You need to ignore it so that you can say the colour red． That's the Stroop Test．‎ ‎ Bilingual people continually practice this function． They have to， because both languages are active in their brain at the same time． They need to ignore one to be able to speak in the other． This exercise might help in other ways， too． Researchers say bilingual children are more likely to have friends from different cultures． Bilingual adults are often four to five years later than others in developing Alzheimer's disease．‎ ‎（1）What did the recent research find about bilingual people？ ‎ A． They can safely drive their cars．‎ B． They can well manage their attention．‎ C． They can have a better control of imagination．‎ D． They can easily pick out the colours they want．‎ ‎（2）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to？ ‎ A． Red．‎ B． Blue．‎ C． Test．‎ D． System．‎ ‎（3）What can we learn from the last paragraph？ ‎ A． Bilingualism may do harm to people's health．‎ B． Bilingualism helps children make more foreign friends．‎ C． People must practice speaking two languages continually．‎ D． People use more active words from their mother languages．‎ ‎（4）What might be the best title for the text？ ‎ A． How does the Stroop Test work？‎ B． What is executive control system？‎ C． Are monolingual people smarter？‎ D． Are bilingual people better at some skills？‎ ‎【答案】 BBBD ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．B．细节理解题．根据第三段第一句 The answer is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention答案是双语人往往更善于控制他们的注意力．可知，最近的研究发现，双语者可以很好地管理他们的注意力．选B．‎ ‎2．B．词义猜测题．it在第四段You need to ignore it so that you can say the colour red你需要忽略它，这样你就可以说红色了．根据前一句But "blue" is so eye﹣ catching， and you really want to say"blue"． 但是"蓝色"是如此引人注目，你真的想说"蓝色"．可知，应该是"蓝色"．选B．‎ ‎3．B．段意猜测题．根据最后一段Researchers say bilingual children are more likely to have friends from different cultures研究人员称双语儿童更可能拥有不同文化背景的朋友．可知，双语帮助孩子们结交更多的外国朋友．选B．‎ ‎4．D．标题猜测题．根据第一段最后一句The latest studies show that being bilingual does not necessarily make people cleverer， but it probably does make you better at certain skills．最新研究表明，双语并不一定会使人更聪明，但这可能会使你在某些技能方面更好．可知，标题可以是"双语者在某些技能方面更好吗？"．选D．‎