2020-2021学年中考英语语法考点精讲练习：阅读表达 4页

2020-2021学年中考英语语法考点精讲练习：阅读表达 【名师解难】 阅读表达会给同学们呈现一段阅读资料，然后设置几个问题，做题时，我们应该先浏览一下问题，心中对 所给任务有一个初步的了解，带着问题去阅读，有针对性地阅读，提高阅读效率。 一、阅读全文，了解大意 在做阅读表达题时，同学们应先浏览文章后所提出的问题，在浏览过任务后，应迅速回头阅读全文了解文 章的主要内容，作者想表述的观点，情感等。根据历年的卷面分析，在材料后的问题设置中，对文章大意 的考查出题率极高。对于概括大意的问题，需要同学们对全文进行考虑，并加以归纳概括。这样的题目要 求，偶尔可以从文章中找到答案，同学们可注意首尾段和每段的第一句话，但有时也需要同学们用自己的 话来概括。这类题考查了同学们的语言整合能力，只有了解文章的大意和作者的观点，才能对文章做出准 确的概括。对于对概括文章大意类型题的考查，还有一种常见的提问是给文章拟一个合适的标题。在回答 这类题型时也应该特别注意首尾段和每段的首句。另外，还有一个关键就是文章中反复出现的高频率词汇， 因为拟标题可以是一个词，短语或者句子。但无论是什么一定要遵循两条原则： 1.概括性原则，即标题应 在最大程度上覆盖全文，体现文章的中心大意； 2.醒目性原则，即标题必须力求吸引读者的注意力。 二、寻找细节，逐题攻克 对于阅读表达中的细节考查题，需要同学们有对语言的理解和分析能力，并带着问题回到阅读材料中，采 用跳读的方式来寻找细节所在的段落，然后锁定目标段落，寻找总结自己所要的答案。此类细节题型主要 是考查同学们对己知信息的推理，通过文章细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。所以，这就 要求同学们具备判断推理能力和总结能力，这在阅读表达题中属于难度较大的题，同学们应在理解阅读材 料的基础上，捕捉相关信息，把握文章的内在逻辑关系，以文章提供的事实和观点为依据，根据原材料推： 断出未知的观点、想法，并且不能主观臆造，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点、 要在理解全文的基础上，吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕提一些线索，对文章的表面意思对于阅读表 达中的细节考查题，需要同学们有对语言的理解和分析能力，并带着问题回到阅读材料中，采用跳读的方 式来寻找细节所在的段落，然后锁定目标段落，寻找总结自己所要的答案。此类细节题型主要是考查同学 们对已知信息的推理，通过文章细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。所以，这就要求同学们 具备判断推理能力和总结能力，这在阅读表达题中属于难度较大的题，同学们应在理解阅读材料的基础上， 捕捉相关信息，把握文章的内在逻辑关系，以文章提供的事实和观点为依据，根据原材料推断出未知的观 点、想法，并且不能主观臆造，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点、要在理解全 文的基础上，吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行问捕捉一些线索， 对文章的表面意思进行挖掘加工，悟出作 者的深层含义或言外之意。此外，同学们在答题和书写方面还要注意以下几点: 1.作答时，要遵循的原则就是:能简略回答的，尽量简略回答。 2.书写要规范整洁。句子开头首字母要大写;标点符号要规范，单词拼写要正确无误;注意时态的呼应和人称 的转变。 3.做出适当调整。在回答时，同学们应对照题目，根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主 谓搭配等做出适当的调整。 三、通读全文，仔细检查 在完成所有的答题任务后，同学们一定要检查一下自己的答案:是否存在书写问题，首字母是否大写，人称 单复数是否按照要求书写，时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配是否正确，要避免不必要的失分。 [典例分析] ①In the United States people sometimes go camping for vacation. Instead of staying at modern hotels and restaurant they live in the woods and do everything for themselves for a few days to relax. When you are camping you make all of your own food. It is rather like a large May- Day picnic. Barbeques(烤肉架) are very common while camping. You can bring meat and vegetables to the camp. To make a fire you can find or bring your own wood and lighter. ②Remember to put stones around the fire so that it won't get too big and dangerous! When the fire is ready you can cook food over it. Besides meat and vegetables，you can also cook marshmallows(果酱软糖) with the fire. Children really like this activity at night. The whole family sit around the fire，eat marshmallows，and drink hot chocolate especially when it is cold outside! Everyone can sing camping songs and dance together. Camping is a fun activity for the family to do. Vacation does not have to mean going to visit faraway places. it could be as simple as setting up a tent in a nearby forest! 1 Where do Americans go camping? 2Why do they put stones around the fire? 3 将画线部分①翻译成汉语__________________________________ 4 将画线部分②翻译成汉语___________________________________ 5 给文章拟个标题___________________________________________ [答案解析] 1.由第一段第二句..they live in the woods.可知答案。[答案]in the woods. 2.由第三段第一句可知。[答案]To make sure the fire won't get too big and dangerous. 3.go camping“野营”，vacation“假期”。 [答案]在美国，人们有时在假期去野营 4. remember to do sth“记得做某事”，so that“以便”。[答案]记住在火的四周砌上石头，这样火就不会蔓延而带 来危险。 5.通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在美国野营的相关情况。 [答案] Camping in the US [巩固训练] Nowadays, there are more and more computers in the families, people use computers to study or relax, and many of them like chatting on the Internet. And there are also some basic rules of behavior that should be followed in the Internet. The basic rule is that: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated. Imagine how you feel if you were in the other person’s shoes. For anything you are about to send: ask yourself, “Would you say that to the person’s face?” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. If someone in the chat room is rude to you, you needn’t to fire back, you should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinion of others in the chat room. You can offer advice when asked by newcomers. They may not be sure what to do or how to communicate on the Internet. When someone makes a mistake, be kind about it. If you do decide to tell someone about the mistake, point it out. At the same time, if you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended. And it is (1) impolite to ask their ages and something about their family. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, or don’t ask such questions. Internet is very useful and interesting, if we chat on-line, we could obey those we mentioned, but as a student, (2)we should use it to learn more useful knowledge instead of playing games or chatting on-line. 1. 根据上下文意思猜测（1）处划线词 impolite 的汉语意思。___________________________________. 2. 将（2）处句子译成汉语。 _________________________________________________________________ 3. 从文中找出与下面句子意思相同的句子。 They may not be sure what they should do or how they could communicate on the Internet. _______________________________________________________________ 4. What should you do if someone in the chat room is rude to you? _______________________________________________________________ 5. List what we can do by using computer according to the passage. (1)_________________________________ (2)_________________________________ (3)_________________________________ (4)_________________________________ 答案： 1. 不礼貌的 2. 我们应该用它（因特网）来学习更多的知识，而不是上网打游戏或聊天。 3. They may not be sure what they should (can) do or how they could (can) communicate on the Internet. 4. You needn’t to fire back, you should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages. 5. (1) study/ learn more useful knowledge (2)Relax (3)Chat (4)Play games(只要列出文中的信息 4 处来即可)