动词的时态和语态《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版） 12页

【2019 •黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考】As an exchange student, Alan ________ Qiqihar for one and a half years. A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：作为一名交换生，Alan 在齐齐哈尔已经有一年半了。A. has been to 去过……；B. has been in 呆在某地；C. has gone to 去了……，可能在途中，也可能已经到了。根据 for one and a half years.可知动词 是持续性的。这里用 have been in 表示呆在某地多长时间了。根据题意，故选 B。 此题学生容易做错的原因是分不清 has gone to 和 has been to 的用法： somebody has gone to +表示地点的名词：意思某人去了某个地方(有可能在还在路上，有可能到达了某 个地方，但是还没有回来) Tom has gone to America. 汤姆去了美国（有可能还在去美国路上，有可能已经抵达美国） somebody has been to + 表示地点的名词：意思某人曾经过去过地方（但是现在已经不在那个地方了） Tom has been to America. 汤姆曾经过去过美国（现在已经不在美国了） 现在完成时中 been to，gone to 和 been in/at been to 去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和 once，twice， already，ever，never 等连用。 She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里) gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。 She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不在这里) 她已经去了上海。 been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间)，常和 for ten days，since I came here 等连用。 She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 自从她搬到那以后，她就一直住在上海。 【2019 •湖北宜昌中考】—What great progress Huawei in recent years! —No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world. A. is making B. has made C. makes D. made 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——华为近年来取得了多么大的进步啊!——难怪它在世界各地广为人知。考查动词时态辨 析。in recent years 在最近几年，用于现在完成时；Huawei 是单数第三人称，助动词需用 has；根据句意结构， 可知选 B。 此题考查现在完成时，现在完成时是中考常考的考点，考生掌握住现在完成时的用法，是做对这类 题的关键。 现在完成时用法 1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发 生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。 I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调 post 对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be 动 词表示)，常与 for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1978. 自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for 和 since 的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与 for 或 since 引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。 变化如下： come/arrive/reach/get to→be in go out→be out finish→be over open→be open die→be dead buy→have Fall ill→be ill Come back→be back Put on→be on/wear Worry→be worried Catch a cold→have a cold 现在完成时连用的时间状语 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成 时连用。 1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如： We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了 40 多年。 We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从 1958 年起就住在这个城市里。学科%网 从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为 stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep 等具有延续意义的动词。 2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如 already, never, ever, just 等。如： I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。 3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如 lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far 等。如： How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？ The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。 Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？ The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。 注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago 等 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1. 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于 对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在 的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） 2. 时间状语不同 现在完成时常与 already，yet，just，ever，never，before 等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时 间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week 等表示过 去的时间状语连用。如：[来源:Zxxk.Com] She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 【2019 •四川省广元市】If you study hard, you ________ into a good senior high school. A. got B. will get C. get 【答案】B 【解析】考查条件状语从句时态的用法。句意：如果你努力学习，你_______进入一个好点的高中。A. got 表 示一般过去时；B. will get 是一般将来时；C. get 是一般现在时。连词 if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句是一 般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作。由句意可知，主句是将来发生的动作，用一般将 来时，故选 B。 此题考查一般将来时的用法，该句为 if 引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则。考生掌握在什么 情况下用将来时，更容易作对这类题。 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 1. 基本结构： ①be going to + do； ②will+ do. I am going to sing in the singing competition next week. Sally will have dance lessons this weekend. 2. 否定句和疑问句： ⑴ 否定句：在 be 动词（am, is, are）后加 not 或 will 后加 not，常缩略为 won’t。例如： He isn’t going to practice the piano this month. Tony won’t visit the Great Wall next summer. ⑵ 在一般疑问句中，通常把 be 或 will 提到句首。例如： Are you going to see your grandmother next month? Will you watch a football game tomorrow? 3. There be 句型的一般将来时 该句型的一般将来时也有两种形式：“there is/are going to be…”和“there will be…”。如： There will be a nice concert tonight.(There is going to be a concert tonight. 一般疑问句为“Will there be…或 Is/Are there going to be…?”，对应的肯定回答 Yes, there will. (Yes, there is/ are.)；否定回答为：No, there won’t.( No, there isn’t/ aren’t.)。例如： Will there a heavy rain tomorrow? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t. 15.【2019 •临沂市】Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years. A. rose B. have risen C. rise 【答案】B 【解析】句意：融冰会导致海平面上升，自 1993 年以来，海平面以每 10 年 3.2 厘米的速度上升。根据句子 中的 since 自从，可知动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，并有可能一直持续下去，符合现在完成时的定义， 完成时结构：主语+ have/has +过去分词，故选 B。 【2019 •内蒙古呼和浩特市】The shop in Wanda Square _______for six years, but I ______there so far. A. has opened; haven’t gone B. has been opened; haven’t been C. has been open; haven’t gone D. has been opened; haven’t been 【答案】B 【解析】句意：万达广场的商店已经开了六年了，但到目前为止我还没有去过。第一个空，由 so far“到目 前为止”可知，现在完成时态；be open 表示延续性动作．be 的过去分词是 been，A、D 不正确；第二个空， have been 去过（已经回来了），have gone 去了（没回来），结合语境"我还没有去过"，用 haven't been，C 不 正确，故选：B。 被动语态的特殊情况： 1. 不能用被动语态的几种情况： （1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。 （2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit 等。 （3）表示归属的动词，如 have、own、belong to 等。 （4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate 等。 （5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。 2. 主动形式表被动意义的情况： （1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel，sound，taste，book，feel 等在主 系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 （2）当 cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep 等词带状语修饰语时。 （3）当 break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out 等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意 思时。 （4）want，require，need 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 （5）be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。 （6）在＂be + 形容词 + to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。 另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。 1. has gone to 和 has been to 的区别和用法； 2. 现在完成时用法； 3. 被动语态的特殊情况。 1.【2019 •广西百色市】—Your father has gone to Shenzhen on business, hasn't he？ —Yes． And he _____in two weeks． A. will return B. has returned C. returned D. returns 2.【2019 •广西百色市】Neither my sister nor I _____been to Xi'an before． A. have never B. have ever C. has never D. has ever 3.【2019 •湖南长沙中考】— I can’t find Sarah. Where is she? — She ______ for tomorrow’s Xingcheng Cup speaking competition at home. A. prepares B. will prepare C. is preparing 4.【2019 •四川眉山中考】— Linda has to Paris. How can I get in touch with her? — Don’t worry. She will call you as soon as she there. A. been；will get B. been；gets C. gone；will get D. gone；gets 5.【2019 •四川省眉山市】— Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it? — In October. I it for two months. A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought 6.【2019 •湖北省咸宁市】—Let’s go climbing if it ____ this Saturday. — Good idea. But nobody knows if it . A. is fine; rains B. is fine; will rain C. will be fine; rains D. will be fine; will rain 7.【2019 •襄阳市】— Why won’t we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon? — Because they _ Longzhong for a study trip. A. have gone to B. have been to C. had gone to D. had been to 8.【2019 •湖南省益阳市】Susan and her sister ____________some photos in the park the day after tomorrow. A. take B. took C. will take 9.【2019 •江苏省南京市】—Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro? —A couple of days. I ______ it last week． A．bought B．buy C．will buy D．have bought 10.【2019 •广西北部湾经济区】— I went to your office at 9:00 yesterday morning, but you were not in. —Sorry, I ________with the manager in the meeting room at that time. A. am talking B. was talking C. were talking D. have talked 11.【2019 •贵州省毕节市】—How many letters you to your mother? — 109 in all, since 2016. A. has；written B. have；written C. did；write D. are；writing 12.【2019 •大庆市】— My car _____ yesterday. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow? — I’m sorry I can’t, I’m ______ Dalian tomorrow morning. A. breaks down; flying at B. has broken down; flying at C. broke down; flying to D. had broken down: flying to 13.【2019 •四川省广元市】—What did you do the day before yesterday? —I __________ for an English test. A. study B. studied C. studying 14.【2019 •四川省广元市】—How long have you __________ your cap? It looks cool. —About two weeks. A. borrowed B. bought C. had 4.【2019 •湖南省郴州市】—Where is Mr. Green? —He _________the bookshop . You have to wait for him. A. was going to B. has gone to C. has been to 7.【2019 •湖北省黄冈市】—Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days. —She Wuhan. She’ll be back next week. A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to 1.【2019 •湖北省宜昌市】—It’s reported that 31 of the brave young men in a big forest fire in Sichuan. —I don’t know who they are, but I know who they are for. A. were killing B. were killed C. killed D. had killed 2.【2019 •湖南长沙】— Perfect photos! Good skills! — Thank you. They ______ by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all. A. took B. were taken C. will be taken 3.【2019 •湖南省岳阳市】It's reported that Notre﹣Dame de Paris（巴黎圣母院）_____in April 2019． A．was burnt B．is burnt C．be burnt 4.【2019 •四川省眉山市】Paper first about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun. A. is; inventing B. is; invented C. has; invented D. was; invented 5.【2019 •湖北省咸宁市】— The passenger refused to move after taking another one’s seat! —What a shame! He according to the new credit system(诚信体系). A. punish B. punished C. will punish D. will be punished 6.【2019 •襄阳市】— I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. — You know they _ by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean 1.（北京市西城区 2019 模拟试题）Our lives _________ a lot since the Internet was invented. A. changed B. are changing C. will change D. have changed 2.（2019 年汕头市潮南区初中学业水平模拟）His flight because there was something wrong with the plane. So he had to take the high-speed train from Shenzhen to Xiamen. A. was canceled B. canceled C. is canceled D. cancels 3.（山东青岛北区一中 2019 一模）---How long has he _________ the village school? ---Since he graduate from the university. A. gone to B. been to C. taught in D. arrived in 4. (河北武邑中学 2019-2020 九年级上学期期中)—Not only his parents but also his sister _____ to the Palace Museum. —They haven’t been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone. 5. (河北武邑中学 2019-2020 九年级上学期期中)Mike wants to know if you__________ a picnic tomorrow. — Yes. But if it__________, we’ll go to the museum instead. A. will have; will rain B. have; will rain C. will have; rains D. have; is rainy 6. (长春外国语学校 2019-2020 学年第一学期期中) May to the party. She enjoyed herself with us. A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited 7. (北京 101 中学 2019-2020 学年第一学期期中) Our team __________ every match since April, but we still have three more games to play. A. has won B. will won C. win D. won 8.（2019 年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟试题）- Excuse me. Who came in just now? - Sorry, I don't know. I __________ my e-mail from my friend. A. am reading B. was reading C. will read D. have read 9. (北京市西城区九年级模拟测试.－Sam, let's do the cleaning together. －Just a minute. I _________ my homework, almost finished. A. did B. am doing C. will do D. have done 10. (2019 北京市西城区九年级模拟测试)John, you _________ weight if you do exercise every day. A. lose B. lost C. will lose D. have lost 11.（人大附中 2019 年初三年级下学期质检题)29.When the power of love ______ the love of power, the world will be likely in peace. A. overcomes B. will overcome C. is overcoming D. overcame 12. (广东省江门市 2019-2020 学年度第一学期期中调研).—Jim, long time no see! Where have you ? —I Beijing with my parents. A. been; have gone to B. been, have been to C. gone; went D. gone; have gone to 13. (珠海市北大附属实验学校初中部 2020 届九年级上学期 10 月调研英语 9.—Where is Tom? —He ______ the USA. He ______ back in two months. A. has gone to; comes B. has bee to; will be C. has been to; comes D. has gone to; will be 14. (北京市上地实验学校2019-2020学年九年级上学期第二次统练)Many green parks in our city last year. A. build B. built C. were built D. are built 15. (山东滨州部分学校 2019-2020 学年九年级上学期第一次月考).Premier Zhou Enlai______ for many years, he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people. A. died B. was dead C. has been died D. has been dead 16. (河南省南阳市内乡县 2019 届九年级中招一模考试英语试题)---Last night I said hello to you in the street, but you didn’t answer me. ---I ________ out with my parents. Maybe it was too crowded to see you. A. am hanging B. was hanging C. will hang D. have hung