仁爱初中英语讲义九年级被动语态的讲解和练习 10页

‎ 被动语态 ‎ 一、导入 ‎ 孩子弄的大人没脾气 ‎ 儿子问老公：张飞他妈姓什么？‎ ‎ 老公：不知道。‎ ‎ 儿子：笨，姓吴，无事生非（吴氏生飞）都不知道。‎ ‎ 儿子再问：张飞他爸姓什么？‎ ‎ 老公思索半天，猛拍脑门：姓惹，惹事生非！‎ ‎ 儿子狂笑：笨死了！姓张！你不跟你爸姓呀。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 二、（1）专题讲解 ‎ ‎☆专题1： 被动语态 ‎1、语态概述 ‎ 我吃了一个苹果， 那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。‎ 2、 五种基本句型结构之一：‎ ‎ 主+谓+宾 ‎ E.g: I eat an apple.‎ ‎ Tom plays basketball.‎ ‎ （注:在“主+谓+宾”结构中，主语是动作的执行者，宾语是动作的承受者。）‎ ‎3、被动语态谓语结构：be done（过去分词）‎ ‎ 1.主动语态：主语是动作的执行者 ‎ e.g.：Many people speak Chinese.‎ ‎ 2.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者 ‎ e.g.：Chinese is spoken by many people.‎ 10----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎ 被动语态变化模式如图：‎ ‎ They make the bikes in the factory. ‎ ‎ The bikes are made by them in the factory.‎ ‎4、被动语态的使用情况：‎ ‎1）、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时；‎ ‎ Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑 ‎ 是谁偷的) ‎ ‎2）、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时；‎ ‎ The door was opened.（没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者）‎ ‎3)、只需强调动作的承受者时。‎ ‎ The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。‎ ‎5、各种时态的被动语态结构: be done( 总结构)‎ ‎ 时态 ‎ 主动语态 ‎ 被动语态 一般现在时 dodoes amisare+done 一般过去时 did waswere+done 现在进行时 amisare+doing amisare+being+done 过去进行时 waswere+doing waswere+being+done 一般将来时 will+do will be +done 现在完成时 havehas+done havehas+been+done 有情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done ‎ ‎ ‎6、主动语态变被动语态步骤：‎ ‎ 1. 判断时态：思考这种时态的被动语态结构。‎ ‎ 2 主变宾：主动语态句子中的宾语变被动语态句子中的主语（同时宾变主）。‎ ‎ 3. 谓动变被动：把谓语动词变成被动结构（be + done）‎ ‎ 4. 主语放by后，主格变宾格：把主动语态中的主语放在介词by（被）之后，将主格变 ‎ 为宾格。‎ 10----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎ e.g.：1、All the people laughed at him. ‎ ‎ He was laughed at by all people.‎ ‎ 2、He cuts down a tree ‎ ‎ A tree is cut down by him.‎ ‎ 3、I am eating an apple.‎ ‎ An apple is being eaten by me.‎ ‎ 4、They grow rice in South China.‎ ‎ Rice is grown in South China.‎ ‎ 5、They will do their homework tomorrow.‎ ‎ Their homework will be done by them tomorrow .‎ ‎7、含有情态动词的被动语态 ‎ ‎ 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。‎ ‎ （歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be，加“过分”。）‎ e.g：1.We can repair this watch in two days. ‎ ‎ This watch can be repaired by us in two days. ‎ ‎ 2.He must finish this work soon. ‎ ‎  This work must be finished by him soon.‎ ‎ 3.We should plant trees in spring.‎ ‎ Trees should be planted by us in spring.‎ ‎ 初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有：‎ can（be done）‎ 能够被…‎ may（be done）‎ 可以能被…‎ must（be done）‎ 必须被…‎ need（be done）‎ 需要被…‎ should（be done）‎ 应该被…‎ ‎ ‎ 三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如： ‎ It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……‎ 10----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ It was reported that her mother died of SARS.‎ 众所周知… … It is well known that …‎ 据推测说… … It is supposed that …‎ 三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如： ‎ It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……‎ It was reported that her mother died of SARS.‎ 众所周知… … It is well known that …‎ 据推测说… … It is supposed that …‎ 四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。‎ 例如： ‎ Tina is asked to come by Paul．‎ Tina是被Paul叫来的。‎ 五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： ‎ He was born in October，1989．‎ 四、 巩固练习 一、单选：‎ ‎( )1. The flowers ___ often.‎ ‎ A. must be water  B. must be watered   ‎ C. must watered   D. must water ‎( )2. The books may___ for two weeks.    ‎ A. be kept    B. be borrowed    C. keep    D. borrow ‎( )3. The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith. ‎ ‎  A. can mend  B. can mended   C. can be mend   D. can be mended ‎( )4. Now these magazines________ in the library for a long time. ‎ ‎ A.have kept B. are keeping ‎ ‎ C. have been keeping D. have been kept ‎ ( )5. The pot ___ for ___ hot water ‎ 10----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎ A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping ‎ ‎ C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep ‎( )6. Tea ___ in the south of China.‎ ‎ A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow ‎( )7. The bridges___ two years ago.‎ ‎ A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built ‎( )8. The bike ___ 500 yuan. ‎ ‎ A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed ‎ ( )9.--Kate got her driver’s license yesterday.‎ ‎ -- I think 15-year-olds _______ drive. They are not calm enough.‎ ‎ A. should be allowed not to B. should allow to ‎ C. shouldn’t be allowed to D. should be allowed to ‎ ( )10. The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.   ‎ ‎ A. found   B. was founded C. is founded   D. was found 五、 ‎ 拓展训练 一、将下列主动句转换成被动句 ‎ 1. The teacher told him not to waste time on playing computer games.‎ ‎ ______________________________________________________‎ ‎ 2. The workers are building a new railway between the two cities. ‎ ‎ ______________________________________________________‎ ‎ 3. They should do it right now.‎ ‎ ______________________________________________________‎ ‎ 4. They named the boy Johnson.‎ ‎ _______________________________________________________‎ ‎ 5. The monster let the little girl clean the cave.‎ 10----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎ ______________________________________________________ ‎ ‎ . 6.eople in the town laugh at Mike for his fancy dress.‎ ‎ _______________________________________________________‎ ‎ 7.We can’t do it in one day.‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 8.Young people must take good care of old people ‎ _________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 当堂过手训练(快练五分钟，稳准建奇功！)‎ 一、单选：‎ ‎( )1. English ____ in Canada.         ‎ ‎  A. speaks   B. are spoken C. is speaking  D. is spoken ‎( )2. This English song___ by the girls after class. ‎ A. often sings  B. often sang  C. is often sang   D. is often sung ‎( )3. This kind of car ___ in Japan.  ‎ ‎  A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made ‎( )4. New computers ___ all over the world.   ‎ ‎  A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used ‎( )5. Our room must ___ clean.    ‎ ‎  A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ‎( )6. Doctors ___ in every part of the world.   ‎ ‎ A. need        B. are needing C. are needed D. will need ‎( )7. His new book___ next month.‎ ‎ A will be published B. is publishing ‎ ‎ C. is being published D. has been published 10----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ ‎( )8. Japanese ___ in every country.  ‎ ‎ A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking ‎( )9. These papers ___ yet. ‎ ‎ A. have not written B. have not been written ‎ C. has not written D. has not been written ‎ 初中英语不规则动词表 ‎1.AAA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 cost[kɔst]‎ cost[kɔst]‎ cost[kɔst]‎ 花费 cut[kʌt]‎ cut[kʌt]‎ cut[kʌt]‎ 割，切 hurt[hə:t]‎ hurt[hə:t]‎ hurt[hə:t]‎ 受伤 hit[hit]‎ hit[hit]‎ hit[hit]‎ 打，撞 let[let]‎ let[let]‎ let[let]‎ 让 put[put]‎ put[put]‎ put[put]‎ 放下 read[ri:d]‎ read[ri:d]‎ read[ri:d]‎ 读 set[set]‎ set[set]‎ set[set]‎ 安排，安置 spread[spred]‎ spread[spred]‎ spread[spred]‎ 展开，传播，涂 spit[spit]‎ spit/spat[spit]‎ spit/spat[spit]‎ 吐痰,‎ shut[ʃʌt]‎ shut[ʃʌt]‎ shut[ʃʌt]‎ 关上, 闭起,停止营业 ‎2.ABB 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 ‎ beat[bi:t] beat[bi:t] beaten['bi:tn] 打败 ‎3.ABA 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 become[bi'kʌm]‎ became[bi'keim]‎ become[bi'kʌm]‎ 变 10----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ come[kʌm]‎ came[keim]‎ come[kʌm]‎ 来 run[rʌn]‎ ran[ræn]‎ run[rʌn]‎ 跑 ‎4.ABB ‎（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 ‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 burn[bə:n]‎ burnt[bə:nt]‎ burnt[bə:nt]‎ 燃烧 deal[di:l]‎ dealt[delt]‎ dealt[delt]‎ 解决 dream[dri:m]‎ dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt[dremt]‎ 做梦 hear[hiə]‎ heard[hə:d]‎ heard[hə:d]‎ 听见 hang['hæŋ]‎ hanged/ hung[hʌŋ]‎ hanged/ hung 绞死，悬挂 learn[lə:n]‎ learned/learnt[lə:nt]‎ learned/learnt[lə:nt]‎ 学习 light['lait]‎ lit/lighted[lit]‎ lit/lighted[lit]‎ 点燃, 照亮 mean[mi:n]‎ meant[ment]‎ meant[ment]‎ 意思 prove[pru:v]‎ proved proven/proved['pru:vən]‎ 证明, 证实,试验 shine[ʃain]‎ shone/shined shone/shined[ʃəun, ʃɔn]‎ 使照耀，使发光 show[ʃəu]‎ showed showed/shown['ʃəun]‎ 展示, 给...看 smell[smel]‎ smelled/smelt[smelt]‎ smelled/smelt[smelt]‎ 闻, 嗅 speed[spi:d]‎ sped[sped]/speeded sped/speeded[sped]‎ 加速 spell[spel]‎ spelled/spelt[spelt]‎ spelled/spelt[spelt]‎ 拼写 wake[weik]‎ waked/woke[wəuk]‎ waked/woken['wəukən]‎ 醒来，叫醒, 激发 ‎（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 ‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 build[bild]‎ built[bilt]‎ built[bilt]‎ 建筑 lend[lend]‎ lent[lent]‎ lent[lent]‎ 借给 rebuild[,ri:'bild]‎ rebuilt[,ri:'bilt]‎ rebuilt[,ri:'bilt]‎ 改建, 重建 send[send]‎ sent[sent]‎ sent[sent]‎ 送 spend[spend]‎ spent[spent]‎ spent[spent]‎ 花费 ‎（3）原形→ought →ought ‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 bring[briŋ]‎ brought[brɔ:t]‎ brought[brɔ:t]‎ 带来 buy[bai]‎ bought[bɔ:t]‎ bought[bɔ:t]‎ 买 fight[fait]‎ fought[fɔ:t]‎ fought[fɔ:t]‎ 打架 think[θiŋk]‎ thought[θɔ:t]‎ thought[θɔ:t]‎ 思考,想 ‎(4) 原形→aught →aught 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 catch[kætʃ]‎ caught[kɔ:t]‎ caught[kɔ:t]‎ 捉,抓 teach[ti:tʃ]‎ taught[tɔ:t]‎ taught[tɔ:t]‎ 教 ‎（5）变其中一个元音字母 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 dig[diɡ]‎ dug[dʌɡ]‎ dug[dʌɡ]‎ 掘(土), 挖(洞、沟等)‎ feed[fi:d]‎ fed[fed]‎ fed[fed]‎ 喂 find[faind]‎ found found 发现，找到 get[ɡet]‎ got[ɡɔt]‎ got/gotten['ɡɔtən]‎ 得到 10----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ hold[həuld]‎ held[held]‎ held[held]‎ 拥有，握住，支持 lead[li:d]‎ led[led]‎ led[led]‎ 引导, 带领, 领导 meet[mi:t]‎ met[met]‎ met[met]‎ 遇见 sit[sit]‎ sat[sæt]‎ sat[sæt]‎ 坐 shoot[ʃu:t]‎ shot[ʃɔt]‎ shot[ʃɔt]‎ 射击 spit[spit]‎ spit/spat[spæt]‎ spit/spat[spæt]‎ 吐痰,‎ stick[stik]‎ stuck[stʌk]‎ stuck[stʌk]‎ 插进, 刺入, 粘住,‎ win[win]‎ won[wʌn]‎ won[wʌn]‎ 赢 ‎（6）原形→□lt/pt/ft→□lt/pt/ft 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 feel['fi:l]‎ felt[felt]‎ felt[felt]‎ 感到 keep[ki:p]‎ kept[kept]‎ kept[kept]‎ 保持 leave[li:v]‎ left[left]‎ left[left]‎ 离开 sleep[sli:p]‎ slept[slept]‎ slept[slept]‎ 睡觉 sweep[swi:p]‎ swept[swept]‎ swept[swept]‎ 扫 ‎(7)其它 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 lay[lei]‎ laid[leid]‎ laid[leid]‎ 下蛋, 放置 pay[pei]‎ paid[peid]‎ paid[peid]‎ 付 say[sei]‎ said[sed]‎ said[sed]‎ 说 stand[stænd]‎ stood[stud]‎ stood[stud]‎ 站 understand understood[,ʌndə'stænd]‎ understood[,ʌndə'stænd]‎ 明白 lose[lu:z]‎ lost[lɔst, lɔ:st]‎ lost[lɔst, lɔ:st]‎ 失去 have[həv]‎ had[hæd, həd, əd]‎ had[hæd, həd, əd]‎ 有 make[meik]‎ made[meid]‎ made[meid]‎ 制造 sell[sel]‎ sold[səuld]‎ sold[səuld]‎ 卖 tell[tel]‎ told[təuld]‎ told[təuld]‎ 告诉 retell[,ri:'tel]‎ retold[,ri:'təuld]‎ retold[,ri:'təuld]‎ 重讲，重复，复述 ‎5.ABC（1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 blow[bləu]‎ blew[blu:]‎ blown 吹 drive[ draiv ]‎ drove[drəuv]‎ driven[drivən]‎ 驾驶 draw[drɔ:]‎ drew[dru:]‎ drawn[drɔ:n]‎ 画画 eat[i:t]‎ ate[et,eit]‎ eaten['i:tən]‎ 吃 fall[fɔ:l]‎ Fell[fel]‎ fallen['fɔ:lən]‎ 落下 give[ɡiv]‎ gave[ɡeiv]‎ given['ɡivən]‎ 给 grow[ɡrəu]‎ grew[ɡru:]‎ grown[ɡrəun]‎ 生长 forgive[fə'ɡiv]‎ forgot[fə'ɡɔt]‎ forgiven 原谅, 饶恕 know[nəu]‎ knew[nju:, nu:]‎ known 知道 mistake[mi'steik]‎ mistook[mi'stuk]‎ mistooken 弄错; 误解,‎ overeat['əuvə'i:t]‎ overate[,əuvə'reit]‎ overeaten ‎(使)吃过量 prove[pru:v]‎ proved proven/proved 证明,证实, 试验 take[teik]‎ took[tuk]‎ taken['teikn, 'teikən]‎ 拿 10----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎ throw[θrəu]‎ threw[θru:]‎ thrown[θrəun, 'θrəun]‎ 抛，扔 ride[raid]‎ rode[rəud]‎ ridden['ridən]‎ 骑 see[si:]‎ saw[sɔ:]‎ seen[si:n]‎ 看见 show[ʃəu]‎ showed showed/shown['ʃəun]‎ 展示 write[rait]‎ wrote[rəut]‎ written['ritən]‎ 写 ‎（2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 break[breik]‎ broke[brəuk]‎ broken['brəukən]‎ 打破 choose[tʃu:z]‎ chose[tʃəuz]‎ chosen['tʃəuzən]‎ 选择 get[ɡet]‎ got[ɡɔt]‎ got/gotten['ɡɔtən]‎ 得到 hide[haid]‎ hid[hid]‎ hidden['hidən]‎ 隐藏 forget[fə'ɡet]‎ forgot[fə'ɡɔt]‎ forgotten[fə'ɡɔtn]‎ 忘记 freeze[fri:z]‎ froze[frəuz]‎ frozen['frəuzn]‎ 冷冻,结冰，感到严寒 speak[spi:k]‎ spoke[spəuk]‎ spoken['spəukən]‎ 说 steal[sti:l]‎ stole stolen['stəulən]‎ 偷 ‎(3) 变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。‎ ‎[i→a →u] ‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 begin[bi'ɡin]‎ began[bi'ɡæn]‎ begun[bi'ɡʌn]‎ 开始 drink[driŋk]‎ drank[dræŋk]‎ drunk[drʌŋk]‎ 喝 sing[siŋ]‎ sang[sæŋ]‎ sung[sʌŋ]‎ 唱 sink[siŋk]‎ sank[sæŋk]‎ sunk[sʌŋk]‎ 下沉, 沉没 swim[swim]‎ swam[swæm]‎ swum[swʌm]‎ 游泳 ring[riŋ]‎ rang[ræŋ]‎ rung[rʌŋ]‎ 打电话 ‎（4）其它 ‎ 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 be(am, is, are)‎ was/ were been 是 bear[bεə]‎ bore[bɔ:]‎ born/borne[bɔ:n]‎ 负担, 忍受 do[du:, du:]‎ did[did]‎ done[dʌn]‎ 做 fly[flai]‎ flew[flu:]‎ flown[fləun]‎ 飞 go[ɡəu]‎ went[went]‎ gone[ɡɔn]‎ 去 lie[lai]‎ lay[lei]‎ lain[lein]‎ 躺 wear[wεə]‎ wore[wɔ:]‎ worn[wɔ:n]‎ 穿 10----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------‎