初中英语定语从句 3页

Mac International Tutor 定语从句和关系代词 定语从句，⼀一个句⼦子跟在⼀一名词或代词（先⾏行词）后进⾏行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗 来讲，从句在整个句⼦子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。从句在主句中充当定语成分。 被修饰的词叫先⾏行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即 先⾏行词）之后。 定语 从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句⾸首。 eg: I have a son who was born last year. 关系代词: who 先⾏行词 从句 eg: I have a son whose name is Jackson. 关系代词: whose 先⾏行词 从句 eg: I have a son whom you met last night. 关系代词: whom 先⾏行词 从句 eg: This is the book which was written by Jack. 关系代词: which 先⾏行词 从句 eg: This is the book whose color is red. 关系代词: whose 先⾏行词 从句 eg: This is the book which Jack was looking for. 关系代词: which 先⾏行词 从句 限定性定语从句和⾮非限定性定语从句： eg: He has two sons who became doctors. He has two sons, who became doctors. 第⼀一句中，并不知道他共有⼏几个⼉儿⼦子，只知道有两个⼉儿⼦子成为了医⽣生。（限定性） ⽽而第⼆二个句⼦子中，加上⼀一个逗号之后，表⽰示他只有两个⼉儿⼦子，并都成为了医⽣生。（⾮非限定性） eg: I like the girl who lives next door. I like the girl, who lives next door. 关系代词that可以代替主格关系代词和宾格关系代词之中的who & which that & which 有些情况之下，两者并不能通⽤用！ 1）只能⽤用which⽽而不能⽤用that a) 引导⾮非限定性定语从句时 eg：Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light. b) 当关系词前有介词时 eg：This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived. c) 在⼀一个句⼦子中有两个定语从句，其中⼀一个的关系代词⽤用了that，另⼀一个只能⽤用whcih 主格 所有格 宾格 ⼈人 ⼈人称代词 I, you,he,she, we, they my, your,his,her,their me, you, him, her, us, them 关系代词 who whose whom 事物 动物 ⼈人称代词 it, they its, their it, them 关系代词 which whose(of which) which 主格 所有格 宾格 ⼈人 who —that whose whom(who) —that 事物，动物 which — that whose (of which) which — that Mac International Tutor eg：Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us. d) 当关系代词后⾯面有插⼊入语时 eg：Here is the English grammar which, I have told you, will help you improve your English. e) 先⾏行词为that时 eg：The clock is that which can tell us the time. 2）只能⽤用that⽽而不宜⽤用which a) 当先⾏行词是all, little, few, much something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时 eg：Everything that happened then was like a nightmare. I will tell him all that you told me at the ball. b) 先⾏行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very(恰好的，表⽰示强调）等词修饰时 eg：The only thing that we could do was to wait. That’s the very thing that we can do. (那正是我们能做的事。） c) 当先⾏行词为序数词，形容词的最⾼高级，或者先⾏行词被序数词或形容词的最⾼高级修饰时 eg：The first place that we visited was the Great Wall. This is the best novel that I have read ever. d) 被修饰词为数词时 eg：Yesterday I caught two fishes and put them in a basin of water. Now can you see the two that are still alive. e) 主句为there be 结构， 修饰其主语的定语从句宜⽤用that eg：There’s still a room that is free. f) 先⾏行词之中包括（同时）⼈人和物时 eg：We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered. He asked about the factories and the workers that he had lived. g) 主句中有who, which 时，⽽而定语从句中也要⽤用到who或which时，为避免who...who... 和 which...which...的重叠，要启⽤用that eg：Who is the man that is standing by the door? Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk?（你养的那两头奶⽜牛中哪⼀一头产奶多?） h) ⼈人或物在定语从句之中作表语时，⽤用that引导，⽽而that通常可以省略 eg：He is no longer the man (that) he was. Mac International Tutor 关系副词在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/to which（介词同先⾏行词搭配） when=during/ on/ in/at which 1) “where”是关系副词，当然也不⽤用“that”引导。 By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 当你到达伦敦的时候， 我们在那⾥里已经待了两个星期。 I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第⼀一次⻅见到她的地⽅方。 Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都带着⽣生活必需品，如⽑毛⼱巾，肥皂，⽛牙刷等其他东⻄西。 2)当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常⽤用“there is”开头。 There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这⾥里有⼈人要和你说话。 分作进⼀一步说明，通常是引导词和先⾏行词之间⽤用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成⽴立。 1、why 关系副词why主要⽤用于修饰表原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中⽤用作原因状 语。如： We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。 She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项⼯工作的原因。 与关系副词when和where不同，why可以换成that或省略。如： That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之⼀一。 另外，与关系副词when和where可以引导⾮非限制性定语从句不⼀一样，why只能引导限制性定语从句， 不能引导⾮非限制性定语从句。如： 他失去⼯工作的主要原因是他喝酒。 误：The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank. 正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.(定语从句) 2、when 关系副词when主要⽤用于修饰表时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中⽤用作时间状语。如： There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。 Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的⽇日⼦子⼀一去不复返了。 We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星 期，那时天⽓气可能会好⼀一点。 * 注意不要⼀一⻅见到先⾏行词为时间名词，就以为⼀一定要⽤用关系副词when来引导定语从句，同时还要看它 在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中⽤用作时间状语，就⽤用when；如果在定语从句中不 是⽤用作时间状语，⽽而是⽤用作主语或宾语，那就不能⽤用when，⽽而要⽤用that, which等。如： Don’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。 关系代词that / which在定语从句中⽤用作动词told的宾语，正因为是⽤用作宾语，所以也可以省略。 3、where 关系副词where主要⽤用于修饰表地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中⽤用作地点状语。如： This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出⽣生的村⼦子。 That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天住的旅馆。 Barbary was working in Auburn, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在奥伯⾥里⼯工作，每天得坐公共 汽⻋车去上班。 与前⾯面when的情况⼀一样，注意不要⼀一⻅见到先⾏行词为地点名词，就以为⼀一定要⽤用关系副词where来引导 定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中⽤用作地点状语，就⽤用 where；如果在定语从句中不是⽤用作地点状语，⽽而是⽤用作主语或宾语，那就不能⽤用where，⽽而要⽤用 that, which等。如： He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在⼀一家电视机⼚厂⼯工作。