2020-2021学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练：时态 14页

2020-2021 学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练：时态 时态是英语学习的基础，中高考的重点。时态考察的本质是动词结构，英语是一门动词的 语言，动词是重中之重。这八种时态是英语的基础时态，其他的时态都是在此基础上衍生的。 时态需要掌握：动词结构、时间状语、动词变形。 （1）一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 ① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语： often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day 等), once/twice,a (week 等), on (Sunday 等),never,in the (morning 等)。 如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫) They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) ② 在时间状语从句中(以 when, after, before, while, until, as soon as 等引导)和条件状语 从句中(以 if,unless 引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时，句子可以有将来时间。 如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) （2）一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 ① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有： at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when 引导的时间状语从句。 如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的) Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning. (小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了) When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father. (他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话) （3）一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 ①一般将来时的时间状语有： tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when 引导 的从句等。 ② 用 will 构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。 “shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。 如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了) You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) ③ “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者观判断即将要发 生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。 如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby. (有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩) It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了) (4) 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 ①过去将来时由“助动词 should(第一人称或 would(第二、三人称+动词原形))”构成。 在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。 (5)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 ① 现在进行时由“助动词 be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。 ② 现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。 如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？) I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) (6)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 ① 过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成。 ② 过去进行时的时间状语有： then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由 when 引出的时间状语从句。 如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭) The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具) （7）现在完成时 1. 现在已经完成，表示是过去发生的。过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。 2. 结构：have/has+done 3. 基本用法 ①表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个影响或结果， 常与 yet, already, just, before, lately 等时间状语连用。 例 I have just turned off the light. I have already read the book. ②表示开始于过去、持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态，常同 these days, recently, so far, “for +时间段”和“since+时间点”等连用。 例 It has rained a lot these days. She has worked in the school for ten years. I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast. 练习 ①--I would like to introduce my best friends to you,Peter. --Thank you, Lucy. But we _____ (meet) already. ②--Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office? --I don't know. I __________ (work) here for only a few days. 答案 ① have met ② have worked 4. 现在完成时的常用固定句型 ①在”That/This/It is the first(second, third...) time (that) ...”句型中，从句要用现在完成时。 例 This is the first time that I have watched a play. ②”That/This/It is the+形容词最高级+名词+（that）从句” 中，从句用现在完成时。 例 This is the best film that I have ever seen. ③ “在 It +has been+一段时间+since....”句型中，主句常用现在完成时（也可用一般现在时）。 例 It is/has been six years since I came here. 5. 特别提醒 ①have/has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/has been to 强调“去而归来”，常和 once, twice, never, ever 等连用 ②非延续性动词 leave, arrive, come, go, return, join,die, buy, borrow 的完成时态要转换成相应的 延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。 例 I have bought the computer for a year.（误） I have kept the computer for a year. （正） （8）过去完成时 1. 结构：had+done 2. 基本用法 ①“过去的过去”，表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作。句中一般有明确表示 “过去的过去”的时间状语（从句），如 by, by the end of, by the time, until, when, before 等引出的 表示过去的时间状语（从句）。 例 By nine o’clock last night, we had finished most of the work. They had got everything ready before I came. ②表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，常和 for,since 构成的时 间状语连用。 例 I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came. ③want, hope, mean, plan, intend 等动词的过去完成时可用来表示“本来打算做而没有做某事”。 例 We had intended to come and see you. 1. The population of the world ____ still ____ now. A.has; grown B.is; growing C.will; grow D.is; grown 答案：B 2. Why not________your teacher for help when you can’t finish ________it by yourself? A.ask,write B.to ask,writing C.ask,writing D.asking,write 答案：C 3. ---Good evening. I _______ to see Miss Mary. ---Oh, good evening. I’m sorry, but she is not in. A.have come B.come C.came D.had come 答案：A 4. This type of MP4 is my favorite, but I can’t ________ it. A.spend B.cost C.pay D.afford 答案：D 5. The boys arrived late at the cinema, and the start of the film. A. caught B. missed C. got D. lost 答案：B 6. As we know, some people are good at but bad at giving back. A. lending B. keeping C. borrowing D. using 答案：C 7. —Why couldn't you the correct spelling of the word? —Err. . . I hadn't got a Chinese-English dictionary at hand. A. look for B. look down C. look up D. look at 答案：C 8. A mobile phone of this type costs too much. You’d better _______. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait 答案：A 9. Why not come over? My family seeing you again. A. enjoyed B. would enjoy C. will enjoy D. have enjoyed 答案：B 10. The teacher asked _______ a story about a trip to the moon. A. get up B. turn up C. clean up D. make up 答案：D 11. Nick ______ a job in a bank, he didn’t take it. A. is offered B. offered C. was offered D. has offered 答案：C 12. ---- Did you give Tom a phone call? ---- Yes, I did. But nobody ____________. A. answer B. answered C. will answer D. had answered 答案：B 13. ---- Shall we stay at home watching TV tonight? ---- No, I’d like __________ and see a movie. A. to go B. go C. went D. going 答案：A 14. —I’m very tired these days because of studying for physics. —Why not ______ muisc. It can make you _______. A. listen to; relaxing B. to listen to; to relax C. listening to; relax D. listen to; relax 答案：B 15. —Hello, Mike. Long time no see. Where are you? —Oh, not only my parent but also I _______ Wuhan for a month. A. have gone to B. have been to C. has been in D. have been in 答案：D 16. --Were you at home at 7 o' clock last night? --Yes, I_______________a shower at that time. A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. am taking 答案：B 17. --Look at the sun ! It' s too hot today.--Yes. Why not_______________your coat? A. take off B. take away C. take out D. take up 答案：A 18. My roommate often asks me __________ her to play chess. A. teach B. teaching C. to teach 答案：C 19. A large number of engineers ___________ to Afriac by our government to help the people there every year. A. have sent B. will send C. are sent 答案：C 20.She often_______new words in the dictionary．It’s a good habit. A．looks after B．1ooks down C．looks up D．1ooks out 答案：C 21．I will call you as soon as I_______ the ticket to the football match. A．will get B．get C．got D．am getting 答案：B 22. —Is Mr. Green at home ? —No , he _______ Shanghai . A. has been to B. has gone to C. is going to 23. —It’s cold today. You’d better _________ your sweater. —OK. I will. A. put on B. turn on C. get on 答案：A 24. —Hurry up! We ________ for you at the gate. —I’m sorry .I’m coming soon. A. waits B. waited C. are waiting 答案：C 25. —You are late. The meeting _________ for about ten minutes. —I’m sorry. The traffic is heavy. A. has begun B. began C. has been on 答案：C 26. You ______ cross the road when the traffic lights are red. It’s dangerous. A. needn’t B. may not C. mustn’t 答案：C 27. My bag is old. Let’s go to that shop______ a new one. A. to buy B. buy C. buying 答案：A 28. There ______ many students in the library after school every day. A. has B. have C. is D. are 答案：D 29. Mr. Green ______ to the manager now. You’d better call him later. A. talk B. talked C. is talking D. was talking 答案：C 30. –_____ you swim? –Yes, but I’m not a good swimmer. A. Can B. May C. Need D. Must 答案：A 31. They _____ her to the party, so she was very happy. A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting 答案：B 31. If I find his phone number, I ______ you. A. tell B. told C. will tell D. have told 答案：C 32. She ______ as an animal trainer since 2003. A. has worked B. works C. will work D. worked 答案：A 33. The sick boy ______ to hospital by the police yesterday. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took 答案：B 34. The teacher asked Ben ______ a difficult question in class. A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered 答案：C 35. ---Must I ________ my camera, Lily? ---No, you _________. Don’t worry. I’ll take one myself. A. to take; mustn’t B. take; needn’t C. to bring; needn’t D. bring; mustn’t 答案：B 36. ---Sam, do you know if Alice _________ to my party next week? ---I think she will come if she _________ free. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 答案：C 37. ---Why are you in such a hurry, Mike? ---There _________ an NBA basketball game in ten minutes. A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. are going to be 答案：B 38. Since June 1st last year, all the supermarkets have _________ free plastic bags. A. to stop to provide B. to stop providing C. stopped to provide D. stopped providing 答案：B 39. ---Jack, I haven’t seen your brother for a long time. ---He _________ Shanghai on business for two months. A. went to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been to 答案：C 40. ---Which would you like ,tea or coffee? ---Either______OK,but I prefer coffee_______milk. A．is，has B. are,with C. is,with D．are，has 答案：C 41. ---_______late for school again,Tim! ---Sorry, I promise that I_________. A．Don’t，won’t B.Don't be,won’t C. Don’t be,don't D．Don’t, will 答案：B 42. ---Dad．why should I stop__________computer games? ---For your health, my boy,I’m afraid you_________. A．to play, must B. playing, have to C．to play, can D. playing, may 答案：B 43．---I phoned you at six last night , but______answered. ---I _________a walk in the park at that time． A．no one,was having B．anyone，was having C.nobody,had D.somebody,had 答案：A 44.---Could you tell me________? He is wanted by the head teacher． ---Sorry, I’ve no idea．But he________here just now． A. where Tim was, was B．where is Tim，was C. where Tim is，was D．where Tim is，is 答案：C 45.---It’s raining, Daisy．Please________an umbrella with you. ---Thanks. I’ll return it to you when I______next week． A．take, come B．take, will come C. bring，come D．bring, will come 答案：A 46. ---How about _______in the river with us? —Sorry I can’t．My parents often tell me_________that． A．swim, don’t do B. swim, to do C.swimming, not do D．swimming, not to do 答案：D 47．—David, turn off the TV________no one is watching it． —But it_______off already！The music is from the radio． A.so that , has been turned B．when．has turned C．if．has been turned D．because, has turned 答案：C