2020-2021学年中考英语训练专题03 完形填空之议论文 23页

‎2020-2021学年中考英语重难点题型讲解训练专题03 完形填空之议论文 议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。中考中常见的议论型完形填空分为两种，一种是夹叙夹议型完形填空；另一种是纯议论型完形填空。‎ Part 1考情分析 议论文是中考完形填空中较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文类的完形填空，最重要的是抓住作者的论点。不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同，大体有以下三种情况：(1) 开门见山地提出论点。有些议论文在文章的一开始就提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去论证论点。有时候既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据。最后总结全文。(2) 导入式提出论点。有些议论文会先叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，最后用具体的论据去论证自己的论点。(3) 最后提出论点。在有些议论文中，一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象，而不表明自己的观点。‎ 文章通过对具体现象的分析，自然得出一种结论，这种结论往往就是作者的论点。对于纯议论形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情况下，找出每段的主旨句。找出了每段的主旨句也就把握了文章的脉络，这样理解文意就容易了。‎ ‎ Part 2解题思路 ‎1.首句制胜，论点明确 把握首句，这样就可以迅速找到文章所要论证的观点，进而理解全文的主旨大意。英语议论文中绝大部分首句就是全文的论点，而且通常每段的首句就是主题句(topic sentence)。因此抓住每段的首句是非常重要的。‎ ‎【例1】How many times has this happened to you？You're trying to pass a crowded sidewalk．And someone talking or texting on a cell phone slows you down，or worse，（75）_______you．‎ What if we could put these multi taskers（一心二用的人）into their own lane，freeing up half of the sidewalk for pedestrians（行人）who are paying attention？‎ That's the idea behind the new show Mind Over Masses．The show created a separate lane on a Washington，DC sidewalk for those who wanted to look at their phones，while the other lane was for （76）_______walkers．It was part of a behavior experiment by the National Geographic Channel in the US．‎ However，the experiment didn't really work（77）_______it could have because a lot of phone users didn't notice the markings at all． "it's no surprise walkers didn't notice the lanes because they were（78）_______looking at their phones，"said Yahoo Checking phones on the go is just one of a few annoying things about modern mobile phone usage．Below are some phone etiquettes（礼仪） tips provided by the Guardian．‎ You should reply to messages．it's very frustrating to text a friend who takes a long time to reply，yet（79）_______to update their statuses（状态）on their social networking sites in the meantime．‎ You should pick a nice ringtone．No one appreciates it when an annoying ringtone breaks into what they're doing.‎ You should not visit someone's home and immediately ask for Wi-Fi．Do you seriously want to climb over the back of the couch，grab the router（路由器），and read the Wi-Fi password off the back of it？（80）_______go to your friend's home，drink and eat what your host gives you， and chat face to face．‎ ‎75． A） runs away B） runs out of C） runs into D） runs after ‎76． A） slower B） quicker C） more careful D） more patient ‎77． A） as well as B） as soon as C） as good as D） as long as ‎78． A） too afraid B） too busy C） too careful D） too difficult ‎79． A） fails B） succeeds C） manages D）enables ‎80． A） Instead B） Instead of C） In addition D）In return ‎【详解】‎ ‎75．C 考查短语．A） runs away 逃跑；B） runs out of 耗尽；C） run into sb撞到某人身上；D） runs after追求，追赶． 根据前句you're trying to pass a crowded sidewalk． And someone talking or texting on a cell phone slows you down，or worse，你正试图穿过拥挤的人行道．而在手机上聊天或发短信会让你慢下来．可知更糟糕的是，会撞到你身上．故选C．‎ ‎76． C 考查形容词．A） slower 缓慢的；B） quicker快些的； C） more careful更仔细，更小心； D） more patient更耐心． 根据前句 The show created a separate lane on a Washington， DC sidewalk for those who wanted to look at their phones，这个节目为那些想看手机的人在华盛顿特区的人行道上开辟了一条独立的车道． 可知而另一条车道则是更小心的行人．故选C．‎ ‎77． A 考查短语．as …as表示同…一样．根据前后句However， the experiment didn't really work…it could have because a lot of phone users didn't notice the markings at all．可知然而，这个实验并没有达到它所能达到的效果，因为很多手机用户根本没有注意到这些标记．as …as表示同…一样．结合本题应该用well修饰动词work．意为这个实验并没有达到它所能达到的效果．故选A．‎ ‎78． B 考查形容词．A） too afraid太害怕； B） too busy太忙； C） too careful太仔细； D） too difficult太困难． 根据前句"it's no surprise walkers didn't notice the lanes步行者没有注意到车道，这并不奇怪．可知因为他们忙着看手机．故选B．‎ ‎79． A 考查动词．A） fails失败； B）succeeds 成功；C） manages管理，经营； D）enables使能够． 根据前句it's very frustrating to text a friend who takes a long time to reply，可知给一个需要很长时间回复的朋友发短信是非常令人沮丧的，但同时也没有在社交网站上更新他们的状态．故选A．‎ ‎80． A 考查副词．A） Instead代替，常位于句尾或句首，表示"代替"、"反而、却"的意思； B）Instead of代替，是短语介词，意思是"代替"、"而不是"．它后面一般接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语作它的宾语； C） In addition 另外；D）In return回报． 根据前句Do you seriously want to climb over the back of the couch， grab the router（路由器）， and read the Wi﹣Fi password off the back of it？你真的想爬到沙发后面，拿上路由器，然后从后面读取Wi﹣Fi密码吗？‎ ‎ 可知相反，去你朋友的家里喝酒，吃主人提供给你的东西，然后面对面地聊天．故选A．‎ ‎2.结构清晰，脉络有序 议论型完形填空的三要素：论点、论据和论证。它们一般有序地安排在引子、正文、结论这一议论文的一般结构中。‎ 能说明论据主要内容的答案，可以在论点里得到印证，而论点的答案也可以与论据结合起来，这样论点、论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，逻辑流畅，都会使用一些连接词。如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as a consequence, hence, also, personally, further more, definitely, surely, undoubtedly, obviously, additionally, besides, likewise, for the sake of, firstl等。‎ ‎3.按一定的方法论证 议论型完形填空都是按一定的论证方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法(分析个别事物，达到共同点，得出结论)；推理法(从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论)；对照法(正反对照，分析说明，得出结论)；驳论法(阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点)。‎ ‎【例2】‎ Friends are very important in our everyday life．Everyone needs friends．We all like to feel close to someone．（1）_______is nice to have a friend to talk，laugh，and do things with． Certainly， sometimes we need to be alone．We don't always want people（2）_______． But we would feel lonely if we（3）_______had a friend．‎ No two people are just the same．Friends（4）_______don't get on well．That doesn't mean that they no longer like each other．Most of the time they will make up（言归于好）and become（5）_______again．‎ Sometimes friends move away．Then we feel very（6）_______．We miss them very much，but we can（7）_______them and write to them．And we can（8）_______new friends．It is encouraging to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them．‎ There's more good news for people who have friends．They live（9）_______than people who ‎ don't．Why？Friends can make us feel happy．（10）_______happy helps you stay well．Or it could be much better that someone cares．If someone cares about you，you take better care of yourself．‎ ‎（1）A． It B． He C． There D． Someone ‎（2）A． alone B． away C． all over D． around ‎（3）A． ever B． never C． just D． really ‎（4）A． always B． sometimes C． often D． usually ‎（5）A． sisters B． cousins C． classmates D． friends ‎（6）A． angry B． sad C． happy D． alone ‎（7）A． call B． ask C． tell D． talk ‎（8）A． look for B． find C． make D． know ‎（9）A． longer B． shorter C． slower D． faster ‎（10）A． Smelling B． Being C． Sounding D． Making ‎【详解】‎ ‎1．A：考查代词及语境的理解．句意：有一个朋友可以谈话、一起笑、一起做事情是非常好的．这句话中使用的句型是It is +形容词+ to do sth． 做某事是…的．在这个句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式．故应选A，其他的代词都不能做形式主语．‎ ‎2．D：考查副词及语境的理解．句意：我们不想让人们在周围．alone 一个人，独自；away 离开；all over 遍及；around在周围．根据上一句话sometimes we need to be alone的意思可知，有时候我们也需要一个人呆着，不想让别人在我们的周围．故选D．‎ ‎3．B：考查副词及语境的理解．句意：但是如果我们从没有过朋友，我们就会感到孤独．ever 曾经；never 从不；just 仅仅，只；really真的．根据句意可知But we would feel lonely if we（3）had a friend，有时候我们需要一个人呆着，但是如果从来就没有过朋友的话，就会感到孤独．故选B．‎ ‎4．B：考查副词及语境的理解．句意：朋友之间有时候也相处不好．always 总是；sometimes 有时候；often ‎ 经常；usually通常．朋友之间因为个性的不同，有时候也会相处不好don't get on well，而不是总是、通常或经常．故选B．‎ ‎5．D：考查名词及语境的理解．句意：大多数时候，他们会言归于好好，在重新成为朋友．sisters姐妹；cousins表姐妹；classmates同学；friends朋友．根据这一段的意思Most of the time they will make up （言归于好）and become（5）again．可知，朋友之间也要发生矛盾的时候，但是他们最终还会言归于好，再次成为朋友．故选D．‎ ‎6．B：考查形容词及语境的理解．句意：有时候，朋友可能搬走了，于是我们就会感到伤心．angry 生气的；sad 伤心的；happy 快乐的；alone独自，一个人．根据前一句话的意思可知Sometimes friends move away，朋友如果搬走了的话，我们会感到伤心．故选B．‎ ‎7．A：考查动词及语境的理解．句意：我们会非常的想念他们，但是我们可以给他们打电话或写信．call 打电话；ask 问；tell 告诉；talk with和某人谈话．根据上文的意思可知Sometimes friends move away，We miss them very much如果朋友搬走了，我们可以给他们打电话或写信，跟他们保持联系．故选A．‎ ‎8．C：考查动词及语境的理解．句意：我们也可以交新朋友．look for 寻找；find 找到，发现；make 制作，这里是make friends 交朋友；know知道．根据new friends的意思可知，如果原来的朋友搬走了，我们还可以交新朋友．故应该用make．‎ ‎9．A：考查形容词及语境的理解．句意：有朋友的人比没有朋友的人活得更长．longer 更长；shorter 更短；slower 更慢；faster更快．根据句意及下文There's more good news for people who have friends． They live（9）than people who don't． Why？ Friends can make us feel happy可知，有朋友的人比没有朋友的人活得更长，因为他们更快乐，这样身体就会更健康．故选A．‎ ‎10．B：考查动词及语境的理解．句意：朋友可以使我们快乐，快乐就可以帮助你保持身体健康．smelling 的原形是smell，意思是闻，闻起来；sounding 的原形是sound，意思是听起来；making 的原形是make，意思是使，制作；空后的happy 是一个形容词，故用being，being happy 是一个动名词形式在句中做主语．故选B．‎ 精讲精练 ‎【例题1】 ‎ At night， you fall asleep while listening to beautiful music．In the morning， you are （1）_____ up by the singing of birds outside．You can enjoy all of these things because of one important organ（器官）﹣the ears．March 3is Ear Care Day．It helps us remember the （2）_____of our ears and encourages us to take good care of them．You may wonder： how do the ears （3）　_____？ The ear has three different parts：the outer ear，the middle ear，and the inner ear．The outer ear is the part you can see．It collects（4）_____around you．The sound then travels down to the middle ear，the inner ear and then to your brain．‎ Your ears never stop working，even （5）_____you are asleep! That's why you may sometimes wake up suddenly in the middle of the night﹣your brain （6）_____ something， but you don't know what it was， since you were asleep．‎ But ears do more than hear．They help you keep your balance，too．In the inner ear， there are organs that are filled （7）_____liquid（液体）and covered in small hairs．When you move your head， the liquid and hairs move， too．They send（8）_____to your brain about the position of your head．‎ More surprisingly，ears even help with （9）_____food．If something happens to your ears，you may have a hard time telling different tastes， according to the website of People's Daily．‎ The ears are（10）_____important organs． Everyone should make sure to protect their own ears as well as they can．‎ ‎1． A． taken B． cheered C． woken D． dressed ‎2． A． size B． importance C． difference D． shape ‎3． A． move B． taste C． smell D． work ‎4． A． air B． light C． sound D． heat ‎5． A． when B． before C． until D． since ‎6． A． noticed B． heard C． saw D． watched ‎7． A． of B． with C． by D． in ‎8． A． messages B． news C． pictures D． signs ‎9． A． touching B． feeling C． tasting D． eating ‎10． A． quickly B． slowly C． freely D． truly ‎【答案】CBDCA BBACD ‎【解析】‎ ‎1． C 考查动词，A． taken带走 B． cheered欢呼 C． woken醒来的 D． dressed打扮， 根据 In the morning，结合后文by the singing of birds outside，可知是指在早晨被外面的鸟叫声吵醒，故选C．‎ ‎2． B 考查名词，A． size尺寸 B． importance重要性 C． difference不同 D． shape 形状，根据encourages us to take good care of them鼓励我们好好照顾耳朵，可知耳朵是很重要的，故选B．‎ ‎3． D 考查动词，A． move移动 B． taste尝起来 C． smell闻起来 D． work工作， 根据后面的内容，可知描述的是耳朵的工作原理，所以此处是指耳朵是"如何"工作的，故选D．‎ ‎4．C 考查名词，A． air空气 B． light光 C． sound声音 D． heat 热度，根据后文The sound then travels down to the middle ear然后声音会传播到中耳，可知外耳廓的作用是收集周围的声音，故选C．‎ ‎5． A 考查连词，A． when当…时 B． before在…之前 C． until直到 D． since 自从，根据Your ears never stop working， even …you are asleep，结合选项，推出句意：你的耳朵一直在工作，甚至在你睡觉的时候，故选A．‎ ‎6． B 考查动词，A． noticed注意到 B． heard听到 C． saw看到 D． watched 观看，根据上一句Your ears never stop working， even （5）A you are asleep!可知说的是耳朵在睡眠状态下也在工作，所以睡着的时候可以"听到"声音，故选B．‎ ‎7．B 考查介词，A． of…的 B． with和…一起 C． by被 D． in在里面， 根据are filled …liquid，结合选项，可知考查短语be filled with被…充满，故选B．‎ ‎8． A 考查名词，A． messages信息 B． news新闻 C． pictures图片 D． signs 标记，根据to your brain ，可知大脑接受身体传输的信息，故选A．‎ ‎9．C 考查动词A． touching触觉 B． feeling感觉 C． tasting品尝 D． eating吃， 根据后文If something happens to your ears， you may have a hard time telling different tastes，如果你的耳朵出了问题，你可能很难分辨出不同的味道，推出耳朵还有帮助品尝味道的功能．故选C．‎ ‎10． D 考查副词，A． quickly快速地 B． slowly慢慢地 C． freely自由地 D． truly 真实地，根据Everyone should make sure to protect their own ears as well as they can．每个人都应该尽量保护自己的耳朵．推出耳朵的确很重要，故选D．‎ ‎【练习1】 ‎ Do people in different countries have the same idea of numbers？The unlucky number for Chinese people is usually 4 because it sounds like （1）　______word"death".14 is （2）______ than 4 because of its sound too．On the contrary，9 is a（3）______number for Chinese．It means "long" and "long life".8 is as （4）______as 18for they sound like "rich" and "certain rich"．‎ ‎ I（5）______ in Europe for a long time，and I find that in many western countries people don't like the number 13．（6）______took me years to look for the reason．Till one of my foreign friends told me that there（7）______13 people at the Last Supper with Jesus Christ and then he was killed．That's （8）　______it is an unlucky number．They try not （9）______this number in many ways．For example，（10）______you go into a lift，you will not see the number 13in it．Many people （11）______believe Friday the thirteenth is a very unlucky day．It is usually （12）______Friday in November．They are very careful （13）　______that day such as driving slowly．‎ It is interesting to know how people like or dislike（14）______numbers．However，we （15）______take it seriously．As long as the number is useful，it is a good number．‎ ‎1．A．a B．an C．the D．/‎ ‎2．A．bad B．badly C．worse D．the worst ‎3．A．luck B．lucky C．luckily D．luckiness ‎4．A．good B．well C．better D．the best ‎5．A．study B．studied C．will study D．have studied ‎6．A．This B．It C．That D．They ‎7．A．is B．was C．are D．were ‎8．A．when B．how C．why D．what ‎9．A．use B．used C．using D．to use ‎10．A．if B．because C．though D．unless ‎11．A．ever B．never C．also D．already ‎12．A．four B．the four C．fourth D．the fourth ‎13．A．on B．at C．in D．with ‎14．A．any B．some C．each D．every ‎15．A．couldn't B．shouldn't C．mustn't D．wouldn't．‎ ‎【答案】 CCBAD BDCDA CDABB ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．C 考查冠词． a和an是不定冠词，以元音音素开头的单词前用an，以辅音音素开头的单词前用a．the是定冠词，表示强调．根据句意是特指单词death，所以选择C．‎ ‎2．C 考查比较级结构．bad坏的，原型，比较级是worse，最高级是worst．badly是副词，坏的，原型；根据后面的than可知要用比较级，故选择C．‎ ‎3．B 考查形容词． luck幸运，是名词．它的形容词是lucky幸运的，副词是luckily幸运地，luckiness幸运，好运，根据后面number是名词，要用形容词，故选择B．‎ ‎4．A ‎ 考查形容词或副词原级．A好；形容词；B好；副词；C比较级，D最高级；根据as…as中要有原型，同时本题要用形容词作is的表语，故选择A．‎ ‎5．D 考查动词．A原型； B过去式；C将来时，D完成时；根据后面for a long time一段时间要用完成时，故选择D．‎ ‎6．B 考查代词；根据后面took要用it作主语，固定用法，故选择B．‎ ‎7．D 考查系动词．根据前面told可知时态是一般过去时，therebe句型，后面13people是复数形式，所以要用are的过去式were，故选择D．‎ ‎8．C 考查疑问词．A当..时；B怎样；C为什么、D什么；根据上面That's （8）it is an unlucky number这里是解释了为什么13不是吉利数字，故选择C．‎ ‎9．D 考查动词．根据题干，考查固定结构try not to do sth 试着别做某事，故选择D．‎ ‎10．A 考查连词；A如果；B因为；C虽然；D除非；根据you go into a lift，you will not see the number 13in it你进入电梯，你将看不到13，应该是假设，故选择A．‎ ‎11．C 考查副词．A曾经；B从不；C也；D已经；根据Many people （11）believe Friday the thirteenth is a very unlucky day．许多人（11）认为第十三个星期五，应该也是非常不吉利的一天，故选择C．‎ ‎12．D 考查序数词．A4；B4；C第四；D第四；根据Friday in November应该是11月的第四个星期五，要用序数词，前面要加the，故选择D．‎ ‎13．A 考查介词．根据后面that day具体的某一天要用介词 on，故选择A．‎ ‎14．B 考查形容词．根据后面numbers是复数形式，先排除C、D．A用于否定句或疑问句，B用于肯定句，本句It is interesting to know how people like or dislike（14）numbers．是肯定句，故选择B．‎ ‎15．B 考查情态动词．A不能；B不应该；C不必，表禁止；D不会；根据后面As long as the number is useful，it is a good number．只要这个数字有用，它就是个好数字，这里take it seriously，应该是不应该当真，故选择B．‎ ‎【例题2】 ‎ ‎"Friends are treasure in our lives"，as the saying goes．It means that friends are really important for us．I remember when I was growing up，my mom always（46）_______，"Half the fun of doing anything is sharing it with others．" It's true.Friends make （47）_______enjoy the taste of our success and joy and comfort us in our challenging moments．They provide a mirror for us to（48）_______more about ourselves．I have always looked on friends as family （49）_______．They enrich our lives．As a famous writer said， "A friend is a present which you give（50）_______．"‎ To be a good friend，it's important to be a good listener．Listen to（51） _______your friend says first rather than making a conclusion quickly．‎ Sometimes it is（52）_______to repeat their words back to them．It can help them realize whether their words are what they want to say．‎ Patience is an important part of being a good friend，（53）_______．You know the old golden rule"Care for others（54）_______ the way you would like them to care for you．"The support of a friend during a difficult time can make a difference between success（55）_______failure．‎ ‎46．A．said B． told C．talked D．spoke ‎47．A．us B． me C．her D．them ‎48．A．change B．teach C．fight D．learn ‎49．A．friends B． children C． members D． enemies ‎50．A．herself B．yourself C．himself D．myself ‎51．A．what B． that C．how D．whose ‎52．A．boring B． special C．beautiful D．useful ‎53．A．never B． either C．too D． also ‎54．A．of B．by C．for D．in ‎55．A．but B． so C． and D． or ‎【答案】AADCB ADCBC ‎【解析】‎ ‎46．A 考查动词．根据后句Half the fun of doing anything is sharing it with others做任何事的一半乐趣就是和别人分享．这是我妈妈总是对我说的，可知强调说话的内容，结合选项，A．说．表示说的内容；B．告诉，C．说话，D．讲某种语言．即我的妈妈总是说，故选A．‎ ‎47． A 考查代词．根据后句comfort us 安慰我们，这与make是并列关系，结合选项，A．我们．B．我，C．她，D．他们．即这是真的．朋友让我们在充满挑战的时刻享受成功和快乐的滋味．故选A．‎ ‎48．D 考查动词．根据前句They provide a mirror他们提供了一面镜子，结合选项，A．改变；B．教；C．打架；D．学习．可知推测意思是他们为我们提供了一面镜子，让我们更多的了解自己，即用动词不定式表示目的，故选D．‎ ‎49．C 考查固定短语．根据后句They enrich our lives朋友丰富了我们的生活，结合选项，A．朋友；B． 儿童；C． 成员；D． 敌人．可知推测意思是我总是把朋友看作是我的家庭成员，故选C．‎ ‎50．B 考查代词．根据前句A friend is a present which you give，这里用的是you你，结合选项，A．她自己，B．你自己．C．他自己，D．我自己．可知推测意思是朋友是你赠送给自己的礼物，故选B．‎ ‎51． A 考查关系词．根据后句your friend says，这里缺少说的宾语，结合选项，A．什么．B．那，C．怎样，如何，D．谁的．可知推测意思是即首先要倾听你的朋友所说的，故选A．‎ ‎52．D 考查形容词．根据前后句Sometimes it is…to repeat their words back to them．结合选项，A．无聊的；B． 特殊的；C．漂亮的；D．有帮助的．可知应说有时把他们的话重复一遍是很有用的．故选D．‎ ‎53．C 考查副词．根据前句Patience（耐心）is an important part of being a good friend，结合选项，A．从不，B．也，表示否定意义，C．也．D．也，通常放在句中．可知推测意思是耐心也很重要，这里放在了句子的结尾，且表达肯定的意思，故选C．‎ ‎54．B 考查固定短语．根据前后句Care for others…the way you would like them to care for you，结合选项，A．…的；B．通过；C．为了；D．在…里．可知推测意思是以你希望他们关心你的方式照顾他人，by the way通过这种方式，故选B．‎ ‎55． C 考查固定短语．根据前句between success，结合选项，A．但，B．因此，C．和．D．或者．可知推测意思是在困难时刻朋友的支持能够对成功和失败产生很多的影响，即固定短语between…and…，故选C．‎ ‎【练习2】 ‎ Have you seen the cartoons of two penguins（企鹅）on the Internet？ They sit on either side of a small（16）_______．They are friends，but each does something selfish（自私的）which（17）_______ their friend "ship" to sink（沉没）．‎ The cartoons have become very （18）_______． It shows how much people value friendship and sometimes（19）_______they may lose their friends．A friend is someone you can share your happy and（20）_______moments with．A friend is someone to talk to about your deepest feelings．And with a good friend you will never be alone．‎ However，keeping friendship isn't always （21）_______. The key to（22）_______ your friend "ship" from sinking comes down to three simple things： sharing，caring and communicating．Good friends like to share everything with each other．They share their snacks，they share their（23）_______ about schoolwork，sometimes they even share their clothes! And good friends also care about each other．They do（24）_______they can to make their friends happy．But the most important part of friendship is communicating．‎ Communicating means talking to your friends and being honest with them． It also means that you keep in touch with your friends even though they may be in （25）_______schools or live far away． Without communication， it is sure to send your friend "ship" to sink into the sea．‎ ‎16． A． house B． chair C． boat D． cave ‎17． A． causes B． finds C． catches D． sends ‎18． A． important B． interesting C． colourful D． popular ‎19． A． think B． worry C． speak D． wake ‎20． A． joyful B． meaningful C． angry D． sad ‎21． A． easy B． difficult C． serious D． helpful ‎22． A． running B． walking C． staying D． keeping ‎23． A． money B． food C． toys D． knowledge ‎24． A． whoever B． whenever C． whatever D． whenever ‎25． A． the same B． different C． expensive D． cheap ‎【答案】 CADBD ADDCB ‎【解析】‎ ‎16 C 考查名词：根据their friend "ship" to sink，结合选项，推测意思是它们坐在一艘小船的两边．故选C．‎ ‎17 A 考查动词：根据their friend "ship" to sink，结合选项，推测意思是他们是朋友，但是每个企鹅都做了自私的事情让友谊消失．故选A．‎ ‎18 D 考查形容词：根据It shows how much people value friendship，结合选项，推测意思是这个动画已经很流行．它展示了人们有多么的珍惜友谊，故选D．‎ ‎19 B 考查动词：根据they may lose their friends，结合选项，推测意思是有时候会担心他们会失去朋友．故选B．‎ ‎20 D 考查动词：根据A friend is someone you can share your happy and，结合选项，推测意思是朋友是一位你能分享快乐分担痛苦的人．故选D．‎ ‎21 A 考查动词：根据However， keeping friendship isn't always ，结合选项，推测意思是然而，维持友谊不是一直很容易．故选A．‎ ‎22 D 考查动词：根据your friend "ship" from sinking comes down to three simple things，结合选项，推测意思是保护你友谊之船不会沉没的秘诀归结于三件简单的事情：分享，关心和交流．考查短语keep…from，故选D．‎ ‎23 D 考查动词：根据about schoolwork，结合选项，推测意思是好的朋友喜欢彼此分享一切．他们分享他们的零食，学业知识，有时候他们甚至分享衣服．故选D．‎ ‎24 C 考查动词：根据they can ，结合选项，推测意思是他们会做他们能做的一切去让自己的朋友开心．这里用 whatever充当do的宾语，故选C．‎ ‎25 B 考查动词：根据even though they may be in （25）schools or live far away．结合选项，推测意思是也意味着即使也许在不同的学校或者住的很远也要和你的朋友保持联系．故选B．‎ ‎【例题3】 ‎ ‎"Thank you" is widely（41）_______in a modern society．It is a very good （42）_______．You should say "Thank you"（43）_______others help you or say （44）_______kind to you．For example，when someone（45）_______ the door for you， when someone says you have done your work well， when someone says you have（46）_______a nice shirt，or your city is very beautiful，you should say "Thank you"． It is used not only between friends，（47）_______between parents and children，（48）_______and sisters，husbands and wives．‎ ‎"Excuse me" is（49）_______short polite usage．We use it the （50）_______as "Thank you"．When you hear someone says so behind you， you'll get to know that somebody wants to walk past（51）_______touching you．It is not polite to interrupt（打断）others while they are（52）_______．If you want to have a word with one of them，please say "Excuse me" （53）_______，and then begin to talk．You should also do（54）_______when you want to cough or make any unpleasant noise before others．Let's say "Thank you" and "Excuse me"（55） _______ the right situation．‎ ‎41．A．used B．told C．acted D．taught ‎42．A．voice B．sound C．manner D．reason ‎43．A．wherever B．whenever C．whoever D．whatever ‎44．A．nothing B．everybody C．anybody D．something ‎45．A．closes B．opens C．loses D．shakes ‎46．A．hidden B．sold C．bought D．worn ‎47．A．but B．and C．so D．yet ‎48．A．cousins B．brothers C．parents D．grandparents ‎49．A．others B．other C．another D．the other ‎50．A．part B．such C．common D．same ‎51．A．without B．with C．within D．while ‎52．A．running B．talking C．sleeping D．walking ‎53．A．then B．second C．first D．next ‎54．A．this B．that C．it D．so ‎55．A．on B．to C．in D．at ‎【答案】ACBDB CABCD ABCDA ‎【解析】‎ ‎41题答案：A 考查动词辨析．A使用；B告诉；C表演；D教；根据Thank you" is widely （41）in a modern society谢谢你应该是被广泛应用于社会中，故答案是A．‎ ‎42题答案：C 考查名词辨析．A声音；B声音；C行为；D原因；根据前面Thank you" is widely （41）in a modern society谢谢你应该是被广泛应用于社会中这个应该是礼貌对的行为，故答案是C．‎ ‎43题答案：B 考查连词辨析．A无论何地；B无论什么时候；C无论是谁；D 无论什么；根据 You should say "Thank you" （43）others help you 你应该说谢谢，后面其他人帮助你，应该是无论什么时候，故答案是B．‎ ‎44题答案：D 考查代词辨析．A没什么；B每个人；C任何人，用于否定句或一般疑问句；D某些事情；根据say （44）kind to you应该说你一些好话，故答案是D．‎ ‎45题答案：B 考查动词辨析．A关；B开；C丢失；D摇；根据when someone （45）the door for you应该是为你开门，故答案是B．‎ ‎46题答案：C 考查动词辨析．A隐藏；B卖；C买；D穿；根据when someone says you have （46）a nice shirt应该是你买了一件漂亮的衬衫，故答案是C．‎ ‎47题答案：A 考查连词辨析．A但是；B和；C所以；D也，还；仍然；根据题干not only…but also （also可以省略）是关联词语，意思是：不但…而且…是固定短语，故答案是A．‎ ‎48题答案：B 考查名词辨析．A表兄弟姐妹；B兄弟；C父母；D祖父母；根据parents and children，（48）and sisters， husbands and wives．父母和孩子，丈夫和妻子，空中应该是兄弟和姐妹，故答案是B．‎ ‎49题答案：C 考查代词辨析．A其它的，相当于代词和名词；B其它的，后面要用名词复数；C另一个，三个以上的另一个；D两者中的另一个；根据"Excuse me" is （49）short polite usage"对不起"是另一种客气的用法．很多中的另一个，故答案是C．‎ ‎50题答案：D 考查形容词辨析．A部分；B例如；C普通的；D相同的；根据We use it the （50）as "Thank you"，应该是固定短语the same as和…一样，故答案是D．‎ ‎51题答案：A 考查介词辨析．A没有；B和..；C在内部；D在…期间；根据When you hear someone says so behind you， you'll get to know that somebody wants to walk past （51）touching you．当你听到有人你身后说，你会知道有人想走过去，应该是不触摸你，故答案是A．‎ ‎52题答案：B 考查动词辨析．A跑；B说话；C睡觉；D走路；根据It is not polite to interrupt（打断）others打断别人…是不礼貌的．应该是睡觉，故答案是B．‎ ‎53题答案：C 考查序数词辨析．A 然后；B第二；C首先；D接下来；根据If you want to have a word with one of them， please say "Excuse me"果你想和其中一个人说一句话，和前面的例子，请先说"对不起"，故答案是C．‎ ‎54题答案：D 考查代词辨析．A这个；B那个：C它；D如此，这样；根据后面when you want to cough or make any unpleasant noise before others当你想在别人面前咳嗽或发出不愉快的声音时，你也应该这样做，故答案是D．‎ ‎55题答案：A 考查介词辨析．根据题干，on the rignt situation 在正确的情况下是固定用法，故答案是A．‎ ‎【练习3】 ‎ Do you know One Belt，One Road？We also call it the Modern Silk Road．And Zhang Qian was an early ‎ traveler of the Ancient Silk Road．He was probably the first（1）_______ to bring back good information about the central Asian lands to China．‎ In 138BC，Han Wudi sent Zhang Qian to the Yue-chi people to ask for their（2）_______against the Xiongnu who often infringed（侵犯）them．（3）_______，on the way to the Western Regions，he was caught by the Xiongnu people．Zhang had to stay with them（4）_______ about 10years before he got away．When Zhang finaly（5）_______ the Yue-chi in the North India，he was（6）_______ to find that they didn't want to fight against the Xiongnu people．‎ On（7）_______ return journey，Zhang Qian and his men were（8）_______ again．It was not until 125BC that they returned to China．（9）_______ Zhang didn't finish his job，he learned a lot about the places，people，customs and cultures of the 36kingdoms（王国）in the Western Regions．‎ Later Han Wudi sent Zhang to the West again．Zhang's journey to the West helped（10） _______ international trade，especially in silk，between China and the West．That's the Ancient Silk Road．‎ ‎1．A．men B．man's C．man D．men's ‎2．A．question B．help C．knowledge D．answer ‎3．A．Happily B．Excitedly C．Luckily D．Unfortunately ‎4．A．for B．since C．at D．in ‎5．A．arrived B．reached C．got D．liked ‎6．A．comfortable B．disappointed C．excited D．enjoyable ‎7．A．him B．he C．his D．himself ‎8．A．caught B．made C．served D．heard ‎9．A．But B．As C．Because D．Although ‎10．A．use B．get C．develop D．see ‎【答案】CBDAB BCADC ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．C 考查名词，A．men男人 B．man's男人的 C．man男人 D．men's男人的， 根据He was probably the first，主语he是单数，故排除A D，考查句型the first man to do sth第一个做某事的人，故选C．‎ ‎2．B 考查名词，A．question问题 B．help帮助 C．knowledge知识 D．answer 回答，根据against the Xiongnu who often infringed（侵犯）them，可知是为了对抗匈奴，所以派张骞去寻求帮助，故选B．‎ ‎3．D 考查副词，A．Happily开心地 B．Excitedly激动地 C．Luckily幸运地 D．Unfortunately不幸地，根据on the way to the Western Regions，he was caught by the Xiongnu people．路张骞在路上被匈奴人抓住，这是不幸的事情，故选D．‎ ‎4．A 考查介词，A．for为了 B．since 自从C．at在…D．in 在里面，根据about 10years ，这是时间段，for引导时间段，故选A．‎ ‎5．B 考查动词，A．arrived到达 B．reached到达 C．got到达 D．liked喜欢， 根据When Zhang finaly…the Yue﹣chi，结合选项，推出句意：当张骞到达Yue﹣chi，arrive后接in/at；get 要接to，reach是及物动词，后面不用介词 ，故选B．‎ ‎6．B 考查形容词，A．comfortable舒适的 B．disappointed失望的 C．excited激动的 D．enjoyable 享受的，根据to find that they didn't want to fight against the Xiongnu people．可知张骞发现他们并不愿意对抗匈奴，所以感到失望，故选B．‎ ‎7．C 考查代词，A．him他，宾格 B．he他，主格 C．his他的 D．himself他自己， 根据On…return journey，在他的回去的旅途中，故选C．‎ ‎8．A 考查动词，A．caught抓住 B．made制造 C．served服务 D．heard听到， 根据again，可知他再次被抓住，故选A．‎ ‎9．D 考查连词，A．But但是 B．As作为 C．Because因为 D．Although虽然， 根据Zhang didn't finish his job，he learned a lot about the places，people，customs and cultures of the 36kingdoms（王国）in the Western Regions．可知考查句型：although…的用法，表示"虽然…但是…"，结合句意"虽然张骞没有完成他的使命，但是他了解到了西部地区36个王国的文化和风土人情"，故选D．‎ ‎10．C 考查动词，A．use使用 B．get得到 C．develop发展 D．see看到， 根据Zhang's journey to the West ‎ helped…international trade，张骞的西域之行帮助发展了国际贸易，故选C．‎ 课后作业 ‎ Rich or poor，young or old，we all have problems．We can easily become unhappy（31）______we solve our problems．（32）______about our problems can affect how we do things at school or at home．So how do we deal with our problems？‎ Most of us have probably been angry（33）______our friends，parents or teachers．Perhaps they said something you didn't like，or you felt they were unfair. Sometimes，people can stay angry for years about a small problem．Time goes by，and good friendships may（34）______．‎ When we are angry，however，we are usually the ones affected．Have you ever seen young children playing together？But they fight very soon，and decide not to talk to each other．However，this usually doesn't（35）______for long．They become good friends again．This is an important（36） ______for us：we can solve a problem by learning to forget．‎ Many students often complain about school．They might feel they have too much work to do sometimes，or think the rules are too（37）______．We must learn how to change these"problems"into"challenges"（挑战）．As young adults，it is our duty（38）______our best to deal with each challenge with the help of our teachers．‎ By comparing yourself to other people，you will find your problems are not so（39）______．Think about Stephen Hawking，for example，a very clever scientist．He can't walk or even speak，but he regards his many physical problems as unimportant．Now he is known（40）______a great scientist in the world．We are probably quite healthy and smart．Let's not worry about our problems．Let's face the challenges instead．‎ ‎31．A．unless B．if C．until D．as ‎ ‎32．A．Worry B．Worrying C．Worried D．Worries ‎33．A．of B．to C．with D．in ‎34．A．lose B．be lost C．keep D．be kept ‎35．A．last B．do C．produce D．make ‎36．A．program B．machine C．class D．lesson ‎37．A．kind B．strict C．weak D．free ‎38．A．to try B．to have C．to put D．to keep ‎39．A．terrible B．pleasant C．painful D．useful ‎40．A．about B．for C．with D．as．‎ ‎【答案】ABCBA DBAAD ‎【解析】‎ ‎31．A．考查连词及语境的理解．A．unless除非；B．if如果；C．when什么时候；D．as作为．根据Rich or poor，young or old，we all have problems．We can easily become unhappy﹣﹣we solve our problems．可知句意为富或者是穷，年青或者是年老，我们都有一些难题…我们解决了我们的问题，否则我们很容易变的不开心．联系两句的关系，用除非之意符合句意，相当于if not．故选A ‎32．B．考查词义及语境的理解．A．Worry担心（动词原形）；B．Worrying担心（动词的现在分词）；C．Worried担心（动词的过去式）；D．Worries担心（动词的单数形式）．根据about our problems can affect how we do things at school or at home．推测句意为担心我们的问题会影响我们在学校或在家里做事情．在这里考查动词短语作主语，动词用doing 的形式．故选B．‎ ‎33．C．考查介词及语境的理解．A．of属于；B．to去；C．with带着；D．in在之内．根据Most of us have probably been angry﹣﹣our friends，parents or teachers．可知句意为：我们的大多数可能与我们的朋友，父母或者是老师生气．在这里考查固定短语，be angry with sb．与某人生气．故选C．‎ ‎34．B．考查动词及语境的理解．A．lose丢；B．be lost失去；C．keep保持；D．be kept被保持．根据Time goes by，and good friendships may…，可知时间久了，好的友谊可能会失去了．lost可以作形容词用，意思是失去的，前面加系动词be，构成系表结构．故选B．‎ ‎35．A．考查动词及语境的理解．A．last 持续；B．do做；C．produce生产；D．make 制作．联系上文Have you ever seen young children playing together？But they fight very soon，and decide not to talk to each other．But ‎ they fight very soon，and decide not to talk to each other．However，this usually doesn't﹣﹣for long．在这里However的意思是然而，前后应该是转折关系，前面说也许我们会看到小孩子们在一起玩耍，有时他们互相争吵并且决定再也不理对方，那么后面说的不理对方应该是暂时的，不会持续多长时间．故选A．‎ ‎36．D．考查名词及语境的理解．A．program节目；B．tool工具；C．class 班级；D．lesson课．根据 we can solve a problem by learning to forget．可知句意为：通过忘记来解决问题，所以小孩子的行为给我们上了重要的一课．在这里为上了一课之意．故选D．‎ ‎37．B．考查形容词及语境的理解．A．kind善良的；B．strict严格的；C．weak虚弱的；D．free自由的．根据They might feel they have too much work to do sometimes，or think the rules are too﹣﹣．可知句意为：学生们可能感觉到作业太多，或者认为规则太…结合选项，规则一定是严格的．故选B．‎ ‎38．A．考查动词不定式及语境的理解．A．to try去尝试；B．to have有；C．to put放；D．to keep保持．根据As young adults，it is our duty﹣﹣our best or deal with each challenge with the help of our teachers．可知句意为：在我们老师的帮助下，尽我们最大的努力去处理我们的挑战是我们的责任．在这里考查固定短语：try one's best to do sth．尽某人最大努力去做某事．故选A．‎ ‎39．A．考查形容词及语境的理解．A．terrible麻烦；B．pleasant高兴的；C．painless无痛的；D．useful有用的．根据Think about Stephen Hawking，for example，a very clever scientist．He can't walk or even speak，but he regards his many physical problems as unimportant．可知句意为：比如说，想想看聪明的科学家史蒂芬．霍金，那个把他的许多生理问题都看作是无关紧要的人．他不能行走甚至无法说话，但是他变得非常著名并且成功．通过这个例子来说明你自己和别人进行比较，你将会发现你的问题根本不是问题．所以这里用terrible麻烦的，糟的．故选A．‎ ‎40．D．考查介词及语境的理解．A．about关于；B．for为；C．with和；D．as 作为．联系上文Think about Stephen Hawking，for example，a very clever scientist．可知霍金是世界上最著名的科学家．句子考查固定短语：be known as+职业，be known as的意思是号称，被认为是．故选D．‎