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句子的种类
【句子的种类】
简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成,按句子功能一般分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
【简单句的基本句型】
类型
例句备注
例句备注
主语+谓语(不及物动词)
We study hard.我们努力学习。
某些不及物动词加特定介词后可带宾语,如listen to等。
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
I like apples.我喜欢苹果。
宾语为代词时,要用宾格代词。
主语+系动词+表语
The girl is kind.这个女孩很友好。
表语多为名词或形容词,系动词look,taste,smell等后面常跟形容词作表语。
主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
She bought me a card.她给我买了一张卡片。
常见的此类动词:give,buy,show,pass等。
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
He made the baby cry.他把这个婴儿弄哭了。
常见的此类动词:make,keep,let,see,hear,notice等。
【考点训练1】
1.My younger brother is smart and I have already taught ________ (he) some English.
2.The orange tastes ______ (good/well).
3.Loud music always makes me _____ (want) to dance.
答案:him good want
【陈述句】
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类型
用途
例句
肯定句
肯定的陈述,表示 “是如此”。
They usually go to school by bike.他们经常骑自行车去上学。
否定句
否定的陈述,表示“不是如此”。
They won’t go to the park tomorrow.他们明天不去公园。
注意:否定句是在be动词、助动词或情态动词后加not,常用缩略形式,要注意人称、时态的一致。
【考点训练2】
1.I woke up early in the morning.(改为否定句)
I ____________ up early in the morning.
2.Carrots are grown all over the world.(改为否定句)
Carrots ______________all over the world.
3.They have gone to Africa.(改为否定句)
They __________________ to Africa.
答案:didn’t wake aren’t grown haven’t gone
【疑问句】
类型
用途
句型
例句
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一般
疑问句
询问一件事或情况是否属实。
1.be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+表语/动词原形/分词?
2.答语:Yes,代词+be动词/助动词/情态动词;
No,代词+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not
—Are you a student?你是学生吗?
—Yes,I am./No,I’m not.是的,我是。/不,我不是。
特殊
疑问句
针对句子某一具体成分提问。
特殊疑问词+谓语/一般疑问句?—
What are you doing?你在做什么?
—I am reading a book.我在看书。
选择
疑问句
提供两种或两种以上的情况供选择。
1.一般疑问句+or+另一个选择项?
2.特殊疑问句+选择项+or+另一个选择项?
—Do you like English or math?你喜欢英语还是数学?
—English.英语。
反意
疑问句
由“陈述句+简短问句”构成,表示问话者欲对陈述句部分进行证实。
1.肯定陈述句+否定的简短问句?
2.否定陈述句+肯定的简短问句?
—Emily has been to Japan twice,hasn’t she?埃米莉去过两次日本了,对吗?
—No,she hasn’t.不,她没去过。
◆常见疑问词(组)及其用法
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疑问词
用法
备注
who
询问身份
whose询
问“所有者”
意为“谁的”
which
询问特定的人或物
what
询问具体信息(电话号码、地址等)
还可询问职业、日期
when
询问时间
where
询问地点、位置
why
询问原因
常用because从句来回答。
how
询问方式(怎样)
常用来询问交通方式;
答语中出现by+v.ing时,一般用how来提问。
【考点训练3】
1.—____ you ever ____ to Shanghai?
—Yes,I went there last year. ( )
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A.Are;going B.Do;go
C.Did;go D.Have;been
2.—___ are you going to England?
—To visit my uncle.He lives there with his family.
( )
A.What B.When
C.Why D.How
3.—Do you like listening to country music or rock music?
—____.It brings me pleasure. ( )
A.Yes,I do B.No,I don’t
C.I like music D.Country music
4.David never fights with his classmates,____?
( )
A.does he B.doesn’t he
C.is he D.isn’t he
答案:DCDA
祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、劝告、叮嘱、号召、建议等。
类型
结构
例句
肯定
祈使句
动词原形+其他
Come in,please.请进。
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他
Let’s go!我们走吧!
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Be+表语+其他。
Be careful,please.请小心
否定
祈使句
Don’t+动词原形+其他
Don’t do that again!不要再那样做。
No+名词/动名词+其他
No parking here!这儿禁止停车!
【考点训练4】
1.____ me the truth,or I’ll be angry. ( )
A.Telling B.To tell C.Told D.Tell
2.—____ late for school again,Tim!
—Sorry,I promise that I ____. ( )
A.Don’t;won’t B.Don’t be;won’t
C.Don’t be;don’t D.Don’t;will
3.____ the baby cry. ( )
A.Not let B.Let not C.Don’t let D.No let
答案:D BC
感叹句
感叹句是表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤、哀伤等强烈感情的句子。通常由What或How引导,What后以名词为中心,How后以形容词或副词为中心,句末常用感叹号。
类型
结构
例句
What
型
What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)!
What a beautiful girl she is!她是多么漂亮的女孩啊!
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What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What important jobs they have done!他们做了多么重要的工作啊!
What sweet water it is!多么甜的水啊!
How
型
How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)!
How beautiful a picture it is!多么漂亮的一幅画啊!
How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!
How cute the dog is!这只狗多么可爱啊!
How+主语+谓语!
How time flies!时间过得多么快啊!
【考点训练5】
1.The weather is very hot.(改为感叹句)
__________ the weather is!
2.What surprising news it is!(改为同义句)
________________ the news is!
3.How delicious the food is!(改为同义句)
________________ food it is!
4.They are running fast.(改为感叹句)
______________ they are running!
5.I have read a very interesting book.(改为感叹句)
______________ interesting book I have read!
答案:How hot How surprising What delicious How fast What an
There be句型
There be句型表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”,there是引导词,没有实际意义,句中的be与离它最近的名词在数方面保持一致。
1.There be句型的常用结构
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时态
结构
例句
一般
现在时
There is/are+sb./sth.+地点状语
There is a pen on the desk.桌上有一支钢笔。
一般
过去时
There was/were+sb./sth.+地点状语/表示过去的时间状语
There were many people in the theater last night.昨晚剧院里有很多人。
一般
将来时
There will be(is/are going to be)+sb./sth.+地点状语/表示将来的时间状语
There is going to be a basketball match next Friday.下周五将有一场篮球比赛。
与情态
动词连用
There+情态动词+be+sb./sth.+地点状语/时间状语
There must be some cute animals in the zoo.动物园里一定有一些可爱的动物。
2.There be句型的句式变化
句式
变化规则
例句
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否定句
一般是在be动词(或助动词)后面加not。
There isn’t any water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。一般
疑问句
一般是把be动词提前到句首。—
Are there many people in the park on weekends?周末公园里有很多人吗?
—Yes,there are./No,there aren’t.是的,有。/不,没有。
【考点训练6】
1.—Is there a watermelon on the table?
—_____. ( )
A.Yes,there is B.Yes,it is
C.No,there is D.No,it isn’t
2.There ____ a football match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon. ( )
A.is going to be B.are going to be
C.is going to have D.will have
3.There ___ some juice in the glass just now.
( )
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
答案:AAC
【倒装句】
初中阶段对于倒装句的考查主要集中在对so与neither/nor引导的倒装句的辨析。
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结构
说明
例句
So+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语
表示与上文提到的肯定情况相同。
I like reading English,and so does he.我喜欢读英语,他也喜欢。
Neither/Nor +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语
表示与上文提到的否定情况相同。
You won’t go,and neither shall I.你不去,我也不去。
注意:当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不用倒装结构;意为“的确如此”。如:
—He is a good actor.他是个好演员。
—So he is.的确如此。
【考点训练7】
1.—What language is that guy speaking? I can hardly catch a single word!
—____.He’s from India,so I guess it’s Hindi.
( )
A.Neither I can B.Neither can I
C.So I can D.So can I
2.—I think you are different now.
—Of course,times have changed and____.
( )
A.so have I B.so I have
C.neither have I D.neither I have
答案 B A
【考题热身】
1.(2017·毕节)— ______ have you felt like this?
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—Three days. ( )
A.How long B.How often
C.How much D.How many
2.(2017·毕节)There ____ some students on the playground. ( )
A.is B.have C.has D.are
3.(2017·黔东南)—Sandy likes English best.She reads the texts every day.
—_______. ( )
A.So does Jim B.So Jim does
C.So Jim is D.So is Jim
4.(2017·黔东南)Your mother is very busy.She hardly does morning exercises,_____? ( )
A.isn’t she B.does she
C.doesn’t she D.is she
5.(2017·烟台)—_____?
—She is of medium height with blue eyes.
( )
A.How is Rita
B.What does Rita like
C.What does Rita look like
D.How do you like Rita
6.(2017·南京)—Excuse me,but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?
—Just ___ going for two more blocks and you’ll see it. ( )
A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.keeps
7.(2017·长春)—The final exam is over.Will you stay at home or visit your grandparents?
—_____.I miss them very much. ( )
A.Yes,I will
B.I’ll stay at home
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C.No,I won’t
D.I’ll visit my grandparents
8.(2017·重庆B卷)___ bad day! It’s raining hard.We have to stay at home. ( )
A.How a B.What a
C.How D.What
9.(2017·广东)—Is there any outdoor learning in your school?
—____.We learn outdoors once or twice every month. ( )
A.Yes,there is B.No,there isn’t
C.Yes,it is D.No,it isn’t
10.(2017·东营)____ exciting it is! Our country put her first homemade aircraft carrier(国产航空母舰) in the water on April 26 in Dalian. ( )
A.How B.What
C.How an D.What an
答案:ADABCADBAA
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