英语中考专项练习—句子的种类 6页

句子的种类 一、陈述句 ‎1）陈述句的肯定形式 I am a sixteen-year-old German student.‎ She wants to know what you think.‎ They will write a report about wasting water.‎ Mary showed us around the modern school The Russians have sent an Astronaut into space.‎ ‎2）陈述句的否定形式 把陈述句改为否定句可以归纳为以下三种情况 １） 在be, have, will, shall, can, need, must, may, should, would, could后直接加 not ‎ e.g Lily and Liz are twins.‎ Lily and Liz aren’t twins.‎ e.g She can speak English very fluently.‎ She can’t speak English very fluently e.g They have got four classes in the morning They haven’t got four classes in the morning e.g There will be a lecture in our school tomorrow.‎ There won’t be a lecture in our school tomorrow.‎ ‎2) 在助动词do, does或did后加not, 再把它们放在行为动词前面，而行为动词原形 e.g We clean the room every day We don’t clean the room every day e.g .She finished her homework yesterday She didn’t finish her homework yesterday e.g .Mary speaks English very well.‎ Mary doesn’t speak English very well.‎ ‎3) 否定句可有其他形式表示．如句中出现no, nobody, few, little, neither, hardly, nor, never等 There are no books on the desk.‎ Nobody can answer my question There is little time left Neither of my parents is a teacher 二　疑问句 疑问句就是提出问题，让对方作出回答．英语中有四种疑问句，即一般疑问句，殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句 ‎１．一般疑问句 用Yes或No来回答的疑问句，一般用升调．它的构成有如下两种：‎ ‎１）用be动词，助动词(will, shall, would, should)，情态动词 (can, need, must, may, could) 或have 开头 Can she speak English?‎ Are you all students?‎ ‎２）用助动词（do, did, does）开头，后接动词原形 Do you go to school on foot?‎ Did he take part in the maths contest yesterday?‎ ‎2. 特殊疑问句 由特殊疑问句词加一般疑问句构成．它不能用Yes或No回答，一般用降调．常见的特殊疑问词有what, who, whom, when, what time, where, why, which, whose, how old, how many＋可数名词复数，how much＋不可数名词, how long, how far, how fast, how soon ‎1). 疑问词who, what作主语或主语的一部分时，用陈述语序 Which picture is the best? ‎ What happened to him just now?‎ Who has lunch fastest at school in our class?‎ ‎2)．疑问词 when, where, why, how等加一般疑问句．‎ When will you go to the airport to meet your uncle?‎ Where is Li Ping?‎ Why didn’t she go to the cinema last night?‎ How long have you lived here?‎ ‎3) 选择疑问句 在疑问句中, 用or连接两个或两个以上等同成分的单词或词组,让别人进行选择,不能用Yes或No来回答,而只能是选择其中之一,或全选,或全不选来回答.它可以有以下两种形式 A 由一般疑问句开头 eg. Is there any coffee or water in the cup?‎ Do you often play basketball or play the piano?‎ B 由特殊疑问句开头 eg. Who gets up earlier, your father or your mother?‎ Which is the biggest, the moon, the earth or the sun?‎ ‎４．反意疑问句 由两部分组成，前半句为陈述句，后半句是一个附着在前半句上的简短问句，回答时用Yes或No．它的构成和回答主要如下：‎ ‎１）如果前半句是肯定句，那么后半句是否定的缩写形式．‎ e.g. They are interested in collecting stamps, aren’t they?‎ ‎--- Yes, they are. 是的．他们对收集邮票感兴趣．‎ ‎---No, they aren’t. 不，他们他们对收集邮票不感兴趣.‎ ‎２）如果前半句是否定句，那么后半句就用肯定形式加代词构成 e.g: Tom didn’t pass the exam, did he? ‎ ‎-- Yes, he did. 不，他通过了考试．‎ ‎-- No, he didn’t. 是，他没通过考试 三、祈使句 ‎1、含义：表示命令、请求、建议、劝告的句子被称为祈使句。它所表达的动作通常都还未发生的，因此，对这类句子的应答通常用“一般将来时”。祈使句都省略了第二人称you。‎ ‎2、祈使句以动词原形开头，否定的祈使句以Don‘t+动词原形开头。‎ ‎3、祈使句的反意疑问句，由“will you” 或”shall we”构成．‎ ‎4、Let us ……, will you?‎ ‎ Let’s ……, shall we?‎ e.g. Don’t walk on the grass.‎ ‎ A: Please wait me at school gate. B: Ok, I will.‎ ‎ A: Don’t play football in the street. B: No, I won’t.‎ ‎5、祈使句与条件状语从句的互相转换：‎ 祈使句 + and +一般将来时， 表示“递进”。‎ 祈使句 + or + 一般将来时，表示“否则……”‎ ‎ Stand up and you will see him clearly. ‎ ‎ If you stand up, you will see him clearly. ‎ ‎ Stop or will fire. ‎ ‎ If you don’t stop, I will fire. ‎ ‎6、祈使句的反意疑问句的变化：‎ ‎ Let’s have a picnic, shall we?‎ ‎ Please open the window, will you?‎ Please don’t close the window, will you?‎ Let us have a barbecue, will you?‎ 四、感叹句 ‎1、含义：感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等 情绪。‎ ‎2、感叹句是由what和how引导，其句型结构为“What/How+感叹部分+主语+谓语！”。 ‎ ‎3、What 引导的感叹句 ‎　　１）What + a (an)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！‎ ‎ 　　What a beautiful voice she has!她的声音多美啊！‎ ‎ ２）What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语！‎ ‎ 　　What kind doctors they are!他们是多好的医生啊！‎ ‎ ３）What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！‎ ‎ 　　What good news it is!‎ ‎4、How 引导的感叹句 ‎ ①How+形容词+主语+谓语！‎ ‎ How clever you are!‎ ‎ ②How+副词+主语+谓语！‎ ‎ How well she dances!‎ ‎5、“What + a (an) +形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！”句型可转换为“How+形容词 +主语+谓语！”句型。‎ ‎ What a clever boy he is!‎ ‎ How clever the boy is!‎ 中考演练 一、Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案)‎ ‎( ) 1. He can hardly read any Japanese ,______________?‎ A. can he B. can’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he ‎( ) 2. The girl needs some help , ___________she ?‎ A. does B. doesn’t C. needs D. needn’t ‎( ) 3. A: _____________did you stay there ? B: For a few months .‎ A. How long B. What time C. How D. How far ‎( ) 4. A: Does she like dancing or singing ? B: __________ .‎ A. Yes, she does B. No , she doesn’t C. She likes dancing D. She like singing ‎( ) 5. The little boy was __________clever _________he worked out the problem in a few minutes.‎ A. such------that B. so------enough C. so----that D. too------to ‎( ) 6. Not only you but also I _________good at playing football.‎ A. are B. is C. were D. am ‎( ) 7. Either he or you ___________ right.‎ A. is B. are C. to be D. was ‎( ) 8. Look at the girl at the table , could you tell me who___________?‎ A. is she B. she is C. was she D. she was ‎( ) 9. I don’t know_____________.‎ A. where he lives now B. where is he living now C. where he living is now D. he is living where ‎( ) 10. Neither of the waiters ___________Japanese in the hotel.‎ A. knows B. know C. say D. says ‎( ) 11.He’s seldom late for school,______________ ___________ ?‎ A. hasn’t he B. isn’t C. has he D. is he ‎( ) 12. Let’s take a walk outside ,___________ _____________?‎ A. don’t we B. will you C. shall we D. have we ‎( ) 13. ___________do you prefer , rice or noodles ?‎ A. What B. Which C. How D. When ‎( ) 14. A: ______________is it from our school to the museum?‎ ‎ B: About 20 minutes’ walk.‎ ‎ A. How long B. How fast C. How far D. How soon.‎ ‎( ) 15. A: ______________does Peter weigh now ?‎ ‎ B: 44 kilos ‎ A. How heavy B. How C. How much D. What ‎( ) 16. Don’t drink too much coffee in the evening , __________you won’t fall asleep.‎ ‎ A. and B. or C. but D. so ‎( )17. Study hard , ______________you will catch up with others.‎ A. and B. or C. but D. so ‎( ) 18. The war was over about three months ago, _____ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with. ‎ ‎ A. or B. and C. but D. so ‎( ) 19.The doctors tried their best to save the patient’s life, _____ failed.‎ ‎ A. or B. so C. but D. because.‎ ‎( ) 20. In spring it is __________hot ___________cold in Shanghai.‎ ‎ A. both---and B. either---or C. neither---nor D. not only---but also ‎( ) 21. _________you __________your sister can join us. We want just one of you.‎ ‎ A. Both---and B. Both---or C. Neither---nor D. Either---or ‎( ) 22. We can use MSN to talk with each other on the Internet.‎ ‎ Really? Will you please show me __________it ?‎ ‎ A. what to use B. how to use ‎ C. how can I use D. what I can use ‎( ) 23. I’ll go for a walk with you as soon as this composition__________-.‎ ‎ A. finishes B. is finished C. will be finished D. finished ‎( ) 24. I was watching an interesting TV play ________the telephone rang.‎ ‎ A. when B. while C. soon D. as ‎( )25. __________Australia is very large ,_____________its population is quite small.‎ ‎ A. Though----but B. /----so that C. /----but D. As----/‎ ‎( ) 26.A: —_______________do you clean your classroom ?‎ ‎ B:—Every day.‎ ‎ A. How much B. How long C. How often D. How soon ‎( ) 27.___________useful information you have given me ! Thank you very much .‎ ‎ A. How B. What an C. What D. What a ‎( ) 28. They hardly have lunch at home, _____________?‎ ‎ A. do they B. have they C. don’t they D. haven’t they ‎( ) 29. ______________important piece of news she’s told me !‎ ‎ A. What B. How C. What a D. What an ‎( ) 30. ________________freezing weather it is ! The river is covered with thick ice.‎ ‎ A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 二、Rewrite the sentences as required.(按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词)‎ ‎1. Mr. Happy hardly knew any French when he was young .(改为反意疑问句)‎ Mr. Happy hardly knew any French when he was young ， __________ _____________?‎ ‎2. They are very interested in the news you told them . （改为感叹句）‎ ‎____________ ______________ news you told them is !‎ ‎3. Many countries make laws to fight pollution . (改为被动语态)‎ Laws ________ _______ by many countries to fight pollution. ‎ ‎4. He usually does some reading after supper . (改为否定句)‎ He _________usually ________ any reading after supper .‎ ‎5. It will only take you about a quarter to get there by taxi .（对划线部分提问）‎ ‎___________ _________will it take you to get there by taxi ?‎ ‎6. They took the wounded soldier to the field hospital. (改为被动语态)‎ The wounded soldier _________ _____________ to the field hospital .‎ ‎7.How did the students in your school like the film Harry Potter? (保持原句意思)‎ ‎__________did the students in your school _____________ of the film Harry Potter?‎ ‎8. Go to bed earlier , or you will feel tired tomorrow . (保持原句意思)‎ ‎_________you ___________ go to bed earlier , you will feel tired tomorrow .‎ ‎9. The new bridge will be built in three months. (对划线部分提问)‎ ‎__________ __________ will the new bridge be built ?‎ ‎10. Lucy went to Australia for further study. (对划线部分提问)‎ ‎_________ __________Lucy go to Australia ?‎ ‎11. If you are careless , you won’t get good marks in the coming final exams .(保持原句意思)‎ ‎__________ __________ , or you won’t get good marks in the coming final exams .‎ ‎12. Kitty has a piano lesson every weekend . (改为否定句)‎ Kitty __________ _______________a piano lesson every weekend .‎ 同步精练 一、Turn the following into negative sentences (将下列肯定句变成否定句)‎ 1） There is a pen and a book on the desk.‎ 2） I have collected a lot of information about birds.‎ 1） She speaks English quite fluently.‎ 2） The children had a wonderful time in the park.‎ 3） We often do our homework.‎ 4） Jack has one hundred coins in the box.‎ ‎7) Tom’s parents will depart for Beijing tomorrow.‎ ‎8) The book cost me a lot of money.‎ ‎9) My father used to smoke a lot.‎ ‎10) He has already learnt how to draw.‎ ‎11) Joan can dance rather well.‎ ‎12) You’d better go to see the doctor soon.‎ 二、Turn the following into general questions (将下列句子改为一般疑问句)‎ ‎1）I was born in Shanghai in 1989.‎ ‎2) We are going to make a trip next week.‎ ‎3) Shanghai has changed greatly in the past 10 years.‎ ‎4) Thomas read the book carefully.‎ ‎5) Peter’s got something to eat in the kitchen.‎ ‎6) My aunt has a meeting to attend.‎ ‎7) There’s a lot of rice in the basin.‎ ‎8) They must write an 800-word composition.‎ ‎9) They had a white Christmas last year.‎ ‎10) I have already cleared the snow of the street.‎ ‎11) I have to walk home because of the traffic.‎ ‎12) We shall finish the work by the end of this month.‎ ‎13) Little Tom had walked by the age of 10 months.‎ ‎14) She has never been to America.‎ ‎15) The weather there is very changeable.‎ 三、. 填空完成反意疑问句 1. You’re from China, _______? 2. Your home is near the factory, _______? 3. He’s flying a kite, ______? 4. Kate gets up at six every day, ______? 5. They go to school at seven every morning, ________? 6. It was very cold yesterday, _______? 7. They went to the cinema at seven last night, ______? 8. There is a tree behind the house, ________? 9. He isn’t a student, ________? 10. They aren’t Chinese, _______? 11. Jim doesn’t go to on Sunday, ______? 12. She didn’t have lunch yesterday, _______?‎ ‎13. Look at the blackboard,____ _____?‎ ‎14.Let’s go home,____ ____?‎ ‎15.Let us have a try,____ ___? ‎ ‎16. He’s never late for school, ____ _____?‎ ‎17. He’s never been late for school, ____ ____?‎ ‎18. You hardly had a good rest during the journey,_____ _____? ‎