中考英语语法复习专题11 主动语态和被动语态课件 90页

What is the Passive Voice? 英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the Passive Voice) What is it? A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的 执行者 。 B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的 承受者 。 We planted the tree. The tree was planted by us. We love Xueda. 主语 谓语 宾语 Xueda 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 被动语态 is loved by us 当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ Active Voice ）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（ Passive Voice ）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 Many students study English .( 主动语态 ) English is studied by many students .( 被动语态 ) When to use it? （ 1 ）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 （ 2 ）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是 动作的执行者。 这本词典被保存完好 ( 不需要说明是谁保存的 ) 。 这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现） The dictionary is well kept . These book were found in the 1920s. 被动语态的用法 : A note was passed up to the speaker. 1. 强调动作的承受者 ; Table tennis is played all over China. English is spoken by many people. 2. 不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出 . 如， Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River. The Party was founded on July 6,1924. the Structure is 助动词 be+ 及物动词的过去分词 (be+V.P.P) 一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being done 现在完成时： have / has been done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have to…be done He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。 This book was written in 1969. 这本书是 1969 年写成的。 The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。 He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。 The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。 He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。 The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。 The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。 2) 被动语态的结构： 被动语态由“ 助动词 be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成 ，助动词 be 有人称、数的变化 , 其变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时一样。 如： The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday . 在改写中应注意： 1. 把 原 来的 宾语 提到前面作被动语态的 主语 ; 2. 把动词变成“ be + 过去分词 ” ; 3. 主动语态中的 主语 变为介词 by 的 宾语 。 典型题例 例 1 将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. 主变被解题步骤 : 1. 找宾语 ---- 即动作的承受者 They make shoes in that factory . Shoes 2. 判断宾语的单复数 ---- 即 be 动词的单复数 . are were 3. 判断动词的时态 ---- 即 be 动词的时态 . 4. 修改谓语的时态 ---- 即原句动词改为过去分词 made 5. 修改原句的主语 ---- 即 by+ 主语 . by them.   Tom broke the window .       The window was broken by Tom .   Tom broke the windows .       The windows were broken by Tom .   He broke the windows .       The windows were broken by him . 一般现在时的被动语态： am / are / is + 过去分词 People play football all over the world. 2. Mr. Green teaches us this term. Football all over the world . We this term. is played by people are taught (by Mr. Green) 一般过去时的被动语态： was / were + 过去分词 4. People built the Great Wall long ago. 5. Two years ago we used the machinesto make shoes for children. The Great Wall long ago. Two years ago those machines shoes for children. was built (by people) were used (by us) to make 一般将来时的被动语态： will / be going to + be + 过去分词 6. We will write a diary next class. 7. Tom is going to hold a birthday party. A diary next class. A birthday party . will be written (by us) is going to held by Tom 情态动词的被动语态： must / have to / can 等 + be + 过去分词 8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once. 9. We have to finish our homework on time. The broken pottery at once. Our homework . must be thrown away (by you) has to be finished (by us) on time He rides the motorbike to his factory every day. The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day . We call the snowman Mr Strong. The snowman is called Mr Strong. We usually hear him play in the next room . He is usually heard to play in the next room. 2. They bought ten computers last term ． Ten computers were bought ( by them ) last term. 一般过去时： S+was/were + 过去分词 He bought his friend some fruits yesterday. His friend was bought some fruits yesterday. Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday. 4 ． Aby can take good care of Tina ． Tina can be taken good care of by Aby. 情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+ 过去分词 He can carry the basket easily. The basket can be easily carried by him. They can sing some beautiful songs. Some beautiful songs can be sung by them. “We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought . “They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought. 3. They will finish the work in ten days. The work will be finished ( by them ) in ten days. 一般将来时： S+ will+be+ 过去分词 They are going to have an evening party tomorrow. An evening party is going to be had tomorrow. Some workers are painting the rooms now ． The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being + 过去分词 They are holding a sports meeting now. A sports meeting is being held (by them) now. We have made twenty more keys ． Twenty more keys have been made by us . 现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+ 过去分词 Workers have built the house since two years ago. The house has been built since two years ago. We had received many letters by the end of last week. Many letters had been received by the end of last week. They would have a party the next day. A party would be had (by them) the next day. 1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives ______ ______ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month. are used are cleaned ( 变被动语态） 七嘴八舌 3.I found the ticket on the floor. ____ __ ______ ______ ______ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time . She ______ _______ to return the book in time. The ticket was found was told 3. We found the ticket on the floor . 5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He ______ _______ _______ _______ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _______ ______ ______ to help them. was made to have can be used 7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _______ ______ _______ _______ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _______ our work______ _______ today? Were many trees planted Must be finished 9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______. we were given were given to us 10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _______ ________ to turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _______ ________ by women in this factory. was asked is done 12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike ______ ______ _______ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _______ _______ ________ three times a day. can be mended must be taken 14.The students in this school study German. German _______ ________ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? ______ this question often _______ about _______ _______? is studied Is talked by them Answer right or wrong 1. 必须照看好孩子们。 The children must be taken good care .( ) The children must be taken good care of .( ) 2. 这本书是鲁迅写的。 This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( ) This book was written by Lu Xun.( ) 3. 昨天那支笔是他给我的。 That pencil was given me by him yesterday.( ) That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.( ) W R W R W R 4. 这辆自行车能修吗？ Can this bike mended ?( ) Can this bike be mended ?( ) 5. 街道已由他们清理了。 The street has been cleaned by they .( ) The street has been cleaned by them .( ) W R W R They made shoes in that factory. They will make shoes in that factory. They would make shoes in that factory. They can make shoes in that factory. They have made shoes in that factory. They had made shoes in that factory. They are making shoes in that factory. They were making shoes in that factory. 四．几种值得注意的被动语态变化． １ 带复合宾语的被动语态结构． （１） make sb . do sth. sb. be made to do sth. Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home. Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home. watch let have hear see notice 一些特殊结构的被动结构 : （ 1 ） 感觉动词 (hear, see 等 ) 改被动语态 （ 2 ） 使役动词 (let, make 等 ) 改被动语态 如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接 宾语补足语为不带“ to ” 不定式时， 变被动 语态时要加上“ to ” 。如： I saw him fall off the tree . →He was seen to fall off the tree . 思 考 2 ： 12 ． I usually hear her sing English songs in the morning. She in the morning. is usually heard to sing English songs 14 ． He makes her horse work all day. Her horse all day. 15. My father let me go out for a picnic. I out for a picnic. is made to work was let to go 口诀： 这些动词真奇怪，主动句中 to 离开，被动句中 to 回 来。（ hear, let ， have, make, see, watch…) help sb (to) V ------ be helped to V. He helped the old man (to) clean the room. The old man was helped to clean the room. (2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth. I saw him playing football at that moment. He was seen playing football at that moment. hear / watch /…. 三，带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时 , 直接或间接宾语都可做主语 , 注意间接宾语前加 to 或 for. My mother bought me a new bike. =I was bought a new bike by my mother. =A new bike was bought for me by my mother. Jack has given Tom a book. =A book has been given to Tom by Jack. =Tom has been given a book by Jack. 带有 双宾语 （宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是 : （ 1 ）将 间接宾语 ( 人 ) 变为主语，直接宾语 ( 物 ) 不变。 （ 2 ）将 直接宾语 ( 物 ) 变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前 加介词 to 或 for . Bob sent Kate a letter last year. =Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year. = A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year. tell ask bring write give send show teach pass lend …to He told Jim a story. Mum made me a new dress . I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by Mum . make buy draw sing …for I bought my brother a book. buy, make, get, sing 思考 1 ：将下列的主动句变为被动语态： 10 ． We gave him some books. →He . →Some books . was given some books (by us) were given to him (by us) 注意 : 约翰打开了收音机。 John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on. 奶奶照看我姐姐。 Grandma takes care of my sister. My sister is taken care of by Grandma. 注： 动词短语变被动语态时 , 千万不要遗漏介词或副词。 We must speak to old people politely. Old people must be spoken to politely. 必背！ 动词短语的被动语态 take care of → be taken care of cut down → be cut down laugh at → be laughed at look after → be looked after They said that he would come back soon. It was said that he would come back soon. 类似的还有： It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that ...... We report 1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。 如： belong, happen, take place , last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, ,break out, appear, last, start 等。 * Great changes have taken place in this city. * That bike doesn’t belong to Mike. 不用被动语态的几种情况： 不用被动语态的几种情况： 2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态 have / fit I have a TV set. The coat fits me well. 3 ） 祈使句一般没有被动语态。 【 正 】Look at the blackboard ， please ． 【 误 】The blackboard is looked at by you ． 不用被动语态的几种情况： 4. 系动词没有被动态和进行时态 这鱼味道很好。 这条围巾摸上去很软。 The fish tastes good. The scarf feels soft. 5. 反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【 正 】You must look after yourself ． 【 误 】Yourself must be looked after 4. 某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。 这书很好卖。 这种布很好洗。 The book sells well. This kind of cloth washes very well. 这书卖完了。 The book is sold out. 这块表需要修理一下。 The watch needs mending . =The watch needs to be mended . =We need to mend the watch. want 知 识 运 用 一、单项选择： 1. Only thirty-eight ideas by the newspaper. A. choose B. chose C. was chosen D. were chosen 2. As usual, Meihua at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school. （ 2006 ） A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up D D 3 ． A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It while we were on holiday. (2005) A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of 4. At the end of the meeting Miss Green two minutes to decide whether she should join the project or not. (2004) A.gave B. had given C. was given D. was giving D B 5. Mr. Johnson’s story by everyone who heard it.(2003) A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at D 二、请把下面句子改为被动语态 1. They showed Jack carefully how to use it. →Jack carefully how to use it. 2. Beijing will hold the 29 th Olympic Games in 2008. →The 29 th Olympic Games in 2008. was showed will be held by Beijing 3. Miss Deng teaches us English. → . → . 4. They saw the boy playing basketball at 3:00 yesterday. →The boy _ ________________ at 3:00 yesterday. We are taught English by Miss Deng was seen to play basketball English is taught to us by Miss Deng 5. We should make our country become more and more beautiful. → Our country more and more beautiful. should be made to become 练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。 The computer club held a writing competition( 竞赛） . The fastest player finished the game in eight hours . We took many photos. They use this room for playing table tennis. The bank built a park for them. A writing competition was held by the computer club. The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours . Many photos were taken by us. A park was built for them by the bank. This room is used for playing table tennis by them. 中考被动语态考题 1.The river smells terrible. People must __ dirty thing into it.( 南京市中考题） A be stopped to throw B be stopped from throwing C stop to throw D stop from throwing 2.This book __ often __from the library.( 北京市中考题） A aren ’ t take away B taken away C isn ’ t taken away D be taken away 3.He ____ _____ (tell) to return his books to the library yesterday. ( 黄冈市中考题） was told 5. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week ( 济南市中考题） —— —— —— another man-made satellite into space last week. 变主动语态 7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _____ _____ by people there last year. ( 青岛市中考题） 8. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _______ ______on the farm （上海市中考题） T They sent up were planted are grown 一、选择正确答案： 1. Do you know what _____________? A. it calls B. does it call C.it is called D. is it called 2. My lost car ________________ yesterday. A. will be found B. was found C. has found D. found 3. Who was the book ___________? A .written by B. will be write by C. has been written with D. can be written by 4. An English song ________ on the radio yesterday. A.will teach B. was taught C.has taught D. can be teach C B A B 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 。 (cover, invent, answer, write, return, call) 1. All the questions_____________ correctly. 2. More than two thirds of the earth ________ with water. 3. Our city Beijing. 4. All the magazines ____________ to the school library last week. 5. This new mechine(机器）_________ by Mr. Black last year.. 6. All the words on the back of the card. is covered were returned was invented was answered is called are written 5)Exercises: 一 . 选择填空 : Windows_____ of glass. be made B. is made C. are made D. been made 2. The house_____ in 2004. is built B. is building C. was built D. used 3. A coat can_____ for keeping warm. be used B. is used C. been used D. used C C A 4. Watches____ Shanghai last long. A. are made in B. is made C. are made from D. made 5. This desk is made _____ wood. A. of B. from C. in D. by 6. The things on show were ____ the old days. A. used B. used to C. used for D. used in 7. Silk _____ in Hangzhou and Suzhou. A. is produced B. are produced C. produced D. is produces A A D A 1.Our school _____ 　＿＿＿＿ in 2002.( 开办 ) 2.The young trees must_______________well.( 照顾 ) 3. _____ this building_________( 建成 )last year? 4.The book _____ _______( 写 )by him last year. 5. The bridge _______ _______( 不建造 )in1989.. 6.The 29th Olympic Games will____ ______ ( 举行 ) in Beijing in 2008. was opened be looked after Was built was written wasn’t built be held 用所给动词的正确形式填空： 1) The bike __________(fix) up by Xiao Ming yesterday. 2) Sunglasses __________ (use) for protecting people’s eyes. 3) A picture _________(put) up on the blackboard. 4) French___________ (speak) in France. 5) Teenagers should _________(allow) to choose their own clothes. was fixed are used is put is spoken be allowed 练习一 请把下列的主动句变为被动句（注意时态的一致） 1 He wrote an article last week. An article was written by him last week. 2 The people make history. History is made by people. 3 Do people use Chinese only in China? Is Chinese used by people only in China? 4 They didn’t visit the city two years ago. The city wasn’t visited by them two years ago. 5 Where did you make them? Where were they made by you? 一 用适当的形式填空 1 History is _________ by the people. ( make) 2 He is often ___________ to do the work by the teacher. (ask) 3 The book ___________ by him last year. ( write ) 4 The radio ______________ last week. ( mend) 5 Some trees ________________ on the hill this spring. (plant) 6 A new subway _____________ (build) next year. 7 She ______________ (take) to the hospital already. 8 Thousands of satellites ______________ (send) up into the space so far. 9 They said they _________________ (invite) to the party already. 10 The trains _________________( produce) in Zhuzhou. 11 Young trees should ______________(water) often. made asked was written was mended have been planted will be built has been taken have been sent had been invited are produced be watered Multiple Choice: 1. ( ) If the work ________,you can go and play games. A. finished B. has finished C. will be finished D. is finished 2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made ______ in the classroom. 4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river. A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown C. can’t throw D. may not throw 5. ( ) I like my bike. It ________ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden D B B A 3. ( ) Kate _______ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom. A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed C 6. ( ) —I won’t come to the party unless Tom ______, too. —You mean if Tom comes ,you’ll come. 8. ( ) The children must _______. 9. ( ) The woman still doesn’t know what _______ in her hometown D D B A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited 7. ( ) Everyone who heard Mr. Green’s story _____________ it. A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at A A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened while she was away. A. look after B. be taken good care C. look the same D. be taken good care of 10. ( ) — I saw you were on foot this morning. —Yes. My bike ___________. A. is mending B. is being mended C. is mended D. is being mending B 1. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. 2. The manager has not signed the papers. The papers have not been signed by the manager. 主 + 谓 + 宾 3. I posted that letter last night. That letter was posted last night. 4. They know that he is an expert. It is known that he is an expert. 有时 by 可以省略 . 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾 1. He told her a long story. She was told a long story. A long story was told to her. 2. Mother bought me a new coat. I was bought a new coat. A new coat was bought for me. Did he finish the work yesterday? Were the books taken away by the girl? Did the girl take away the books ? Was the window broken by Tom? ______ Tom______ the window? Did break Was the work finished by him yesterday ？ Do they often talk about this question? __ this question often _____ about ___ ___? Is talked by them Doesn’t Bob clean the street every day? _______ the street _________ by Bob every day? Isn’t cleaned He told us to get to school early. Our parents ask us to stay at home at night. We were told to get to school early by him. We are asked to stay at home at night. ---Did you go to the party? ---No, I ____________(invite) wasn’t invited The bridge ______________ in three weeks . (finish) You can go out if your homework ______(do) will be finished is done This is one of the things that _________(see) that day. were seen When was PRC _________(found)? was seen This is th only one of the things that _________(see) that day. founded You should get your shoes _______(wash) washed