北京专版2020中考英语复习方案第五篇语法突破语法专题09动词的时态和语态课件 38页

语法专题（九） 动词的时态和语态 第五篇　语法突破 |动词的时态| 考点一　动词的各种形式 1. 动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词 类别 构成 例词 动词原形 没有经过任何变形,也就是词 典中给出的一般形式 be, have, do, learn 第三人称 单数形式 一般在动词原形后加-s run→runs, like→likes 以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词后 加-es teach→teaches, wash→washes, go→goes, pass→passes,fix→fixes 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先 将y变为i,再加-es study→studies, carry→carries 类别 构成 例词 现在分词 在动词后加-ing read→reading, cook→cooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的动 词,去掉e再加-ing live→living, write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词, 末尾只有一个辅音字母时, 双写该辅音字母后再加-ing sit→sitting, shop→shopping, begin→beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要 变ie为y,再加-ing die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying 2. 动词的过去式及过去分词的构成 变化情况 规则 例词 规则 变化 在动词原形后加-ed work→worked→worked, stay→stayed→stayed 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先 将y变为i再加-ed carry→carried→carried, study→studied→studied 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词, 直接加-d live→lived→lived, close→closed→closed 以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只 有一个辅音字母的动词,双写 该辅音字母后再加-ed stop→stopped→stopped, plan→planned→planned 变化情况 规则 例词 不规则 变化 AAA型(即原形、过去式与过 去分词三式同型) cut→cut→cut, put→put→put, let→let→let ABB型(即过去式与过去分词 同型) think→thought→thought, teach→taught→taught ABC型(即原形、过去式与过 去分词不同型) do→did→done, go→went→gone ABA型(即原形与过去分词同 型) come→came→come, run→ran→run 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 一 般 现 在 时 (1)表示经常性、 习惯性的动作 (2)表示现在的 状态、特征或真 理 (3)在时间、条 件状语从句中, 常用一般现在时 代替将来时 (1)主语+动词原形 (2)主语(第三人称 单数)+动词(第三 人称单数) (3)主语+am/is/ are+其他 often, usually, sometimes, every day ( week/month /year…),once a week等 He goes to school every day. 他每天都去上学。 The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 If she is free, she will come to see me tomorrow. 如果她明天有空就会来看我。 考点二　常见6种时态的构成及用法 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 一 般 过 去 时 (1)表示过去某 时发生的事 (2)表示过去存 在的状态或过 去反复发生的 动作 (1)主语+动词过 去式 (2)主语+was/ were+其他 yesterday, last year (week/night /month), three years ago, in 2015, just now等 He worked in a factory in 2015. 他2015年在一家工厂工作。 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 一 般 将 来 时 (1)表示将来 的动作或状态 (2)表示即将 发生的或最近 打算做的事 (3)表示按计 划即将发生的 动作 (1)主语+will/shall+动词原形 (2)主语+be going to+动词 原形 (3)go, come, start, move, leave等可用进行时态表将来 【注意】there be句型的一般 将来时结构为There will be/ There is/are going to be tomorrow, next week (year/month), in+时间段, in 2025等 We will have a party tomorrow. 明天我们将有个聚会。 I'm leaving for Beijing. 我将要动身去北京。 There will be a meeting tomorrow. 明天将有一个会议。 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 现 在 进 行 时 表示说话时刻或 现阶段正在进行 的动作 主语+am/is/are +现在分词 now, look, listen, these days, at the moment等 Look! They are playing football. 看!他们正在踢足球。 I'm doing my homework now. 现在我正在做我的家庭作业。 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 过 去 进 行 时 表示过去某一时 刻、某一阶段正 在进行的动作 主语+was/were+ 现在分词 at that moment, at this time yesterday, at…o'clock yesterday evening等 I was watching TV at 8:00 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。 He was reading a novel when I came in. 当我进来的时候,他正在看小说。 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 现 在 完 成 时 (1) 表示动作 在说话之前已 完成,对现在有 影响 (2)表示动作开 始于过去,持续 到现在并可能 继续进行下去 主语+have/has +过去分词 just, ever, yet, already, so far, in the past 5 years, for和since引 导的时间状语 He has been to Beijing. 他去过北京。 He has studied English for 5 years. 他学习英语已经五年了。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。 They have been married for 30 years.他们已经结婚三十年了。 时态 用法 构成 常见标志 例句 过 去 将 来 时 表示从过去的某 一时刻来看将要 发生的动作。常 用于主句是一般 过去时的宾语从 句中 (1)would+动 词原形 (2)was/were +going to+ 动词原形 判断过去将来时一 定要有一个用于表 示“过去”的参照 物。这个参照物往 往不是时间,而是 一个发生在过去的 动作。 His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year. 他叔叔说第二年会有个 好收成。 [拓展] 过去将来时,过去完成时[了解] 时态 用法 构成 常见标志词语 例句 过 去 完 成 时 表示过去的某一 时刻以前已经发 生的动作或存在 的状态,也就是 “过去的过去” had+过去分词 by, before短语 或when, before, after, until等引 导的从句作为时 间状语 My teacher said she had never been to London.我的老师说她 从来没去过伦敦。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 当警察 到达时,小偷已经逃跑了。 [注意] 短暂性动词与时间段连用或用于how long提问的问句中时,要转换成对 应的延续性动词,常见的短暂性动词及其转换如下： arrive→be here begin/start→be on die→be dead 　　　　　　 leave→be away go out→be out finish/end→be over get up→be up put on→wear/be on open→be open join→be in/be a member of close→be closed borrow→keep buy/get→have catch (a cold)→have (a cold) marry→be married fall ill/sick/asleep→be ill/sick/asleep |动词的语态| 考点一　被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本结构是“be+及物动词的过去分词”。与主动语态一样,被动语 态也有各种时态变化,列表如下(以动词do为例)： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done 一般过去时 did was/were+done 一般将来时 will/be(am/is/are)going to+do will/be(am/is/are)going to+be+done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been+done 含情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done [注意] (1)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间 接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。 My father bought me a computer. →A computer was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一台电脑。 (2)有些感官动词和使役动词(hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等)在主动 语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to,但变成被动语态时,必须 将to还原。 The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. →The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss. 老板让工人们一天工作12个小时。 (3)主动语态变被动语态的方法 【巧学妙记】 感官动词和使役动词: 一感(feel);二听(hear, listen to);三让(let, make, have); 四看(see, watch, look at, notice) 考点二　被动语态的用法 1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 Rice is grown in the south of China. 中国南方种水稻。 2. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者,而不是强调动作的执行者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人讲汉语。 3. 动作的发出者是某个事物。 Many houses were washed away in the flood. 在洪水中许多房子被冲走了。 4. 固定句型中常用的被动语态。如：It's said that…(据说……), It's reported that…(据报道……), It's well-known that…(众所周知……)等。 考点三　主动形式表被动意义 1. look, smell, feel, taste等系动词用主动形式表被动意义。 The cloth feels soft. 这布摸起来很软。 The cake tastes delicious. 这蛋糕尝起来很美味。 2. need/require/want+doing sth. 意为“……需要……”。 The door needs repairing. 这门需要修理。 The window wants cleaning. 这窗户需要清洁。 3. 某物+write/open/sell/wash/clean/cut/open+其他。该结构为主动形式, 可表被动意义。 These books sell well. 这些书卖得很好。 The shop opens every day. 这家店每天都营业。 4. 不及物动词和动词短语,如:happen, take place, come out, come true, run out 等。 A traffic accident happened last night. 昨晚发生了一起交通事故。 If you work hard, your dream will come true. 如果你努力工作,你的梦想就会实现。 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 1. [2019·东城二模]Keep quiet, Tom. Your sister 　　　　in her room. A. studies B. has studied C. is studying D. studied 2. [2019·朝阳二模]Betty 　　　　you the answer as soon as she works it out. A. tells B. told C. will tell D. is telling 3. [2019·丰台一模]—Anna, long time no see. —Yes, we 　　　　each other since last summer. A. don't see B. aren't seeing C. haven't seen D. won't see |动词的时态| C C C 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 4. [2019·东城一模]When I saw Mary in the park, she 　　　　a kite. A. flies B. was flying C. is flying D. flew 5. [2019·东城一模]The students are very excited. They 　　　　on a school trip next Monday. A. went B. have gone C. go D. will go 6. [2019·延庆一模]—What time do you usually get up? —I usually 　　　　up at 6:30. A. get B. got C. will get D. was getting B D A 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 7. [2019·大兴一模]Tom 　　　　a blind man cross the road yesterday. A. helps B. helped C. has helped D. was helping 8. [2019·西城一模]—What do you think of the film The Wandering Earth? —It's great. I 　　　　it three times. A. see B. am seeing C. have seenD. will see 9. [2019·西城一模]When I was your age, I 　　　　a lot of housework to do after school. A. will have B. am having C. have D. had B C D 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 10.[2019·大兴一模]In Beijing, school 　　　　at eight in the morning. A. start B. starts C. started D. starting 11.[2019·延庆一模]Don't turn on the TV. Grandma 　　　　. A. sleeps B. slept C. will sleep D. is sleeping 12. [2019·东城一模]Chinese people's lives 　　　　greatly in the past forty years. A. changed B. change C. have changed D. will change B D C 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 13. [2019·东城一模]Jack 　　　　to play football when he was only five. A. starts B. has started C. will start D. started 14. [2019·大兴一模]The boy 　　　　a game with a mobile phone when his mother opened the door. A. plays B. played C. is playing D. was playing 15. [2019·通州一模]Mary's aunt is a doctor. She 　　　　in a hospital. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. was working D D A 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 16. [2019·西城一模]—What's your plan for this weekend, Lucy? —I 　　　　my grandparents. A. visit B. will visit C. visited D. have visited 17. [2019·通州一模]Mrs. Li is very kind. She 　　　　these poor children since 2010. A. helps B. has helped C. helped D. is helping 18. [2019·通州一模]The boy 　　　　a picture when his father came into his room. A. drew B. will draw C. was drawing D. has drawn B B C 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 19. [2019·通州一模]—Where are the kids? —They 　　　　basketball on the playground now. A. play B. played C. will play D. are playing 20. [2019·丰台一模]Claire likes cooking. She 　　　　delicious food with her mum every weekend. A. cook B. cooks C. is cooking D. has cooked 21. [2019·丰台一模]—Ellen, what were you doing at nine last night? —I 　　　　NBA with my father. A. watch B. was watching C. will watch D. have watched D B B 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 22. [2019·丰台一模]Liu Cixin is a science fiction writer. He　　　　 the 73rd Hugo Award in 2015. A. wins B. will win C. won D. has won 23. [2019·西城一模]The students 　　　　about the art show happily when I passed by. A. talk B. talked C. are talking D. were talking 24. [2019·石景山一模]—Mum, my friends and I 　　　　to the cinema tonight. —Oh, lovely! I hope you enjoy the film! A. go B. will go C. went D. have gone C D B 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 25. [2019·石景山一模]If it 　　　　sunny tomorrow, we will have a picnic near the river. A. will be B. be C. is D. was 26. [2019·石景山一模]I 　　　　Sarah since she moved to England. A. won't see B. didn't see C. haven't seen D. wasn't seeing 27. [2019·门头沟一模]Most of us 　　　　English for about 9 years. A. learn B. learned C. are learning D. have learned C C D 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 28. [2019·海淀一模]My grandfather is a tea lover. He 　　　　green tea every day. A. drinks B. is drinking C. drank D. will drink 29. [2019·西城二模]—Did you watch the basketball match on TV last night? —I wanted to, but my mother 　　　　her favorite TV show at that time. A. watches B. was watching C. will watch D. has watched A B 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 30. [2019·丰台二模]Lang Lang is a famous pianist. He 　　　　playing the piano at the age of three. A. starts B. will start C. started D. has started 31. [2019·北京]Our school life 　　　　a lot since 2017. We have more activities now. A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed 32. [2019·北京]If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow. A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was booking C D A 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 1. [2019·顺义一模]Today Chinese 　　　　　by more and more people around the world. A. speak B. was spoken C. spoke D. is spoken 2. [2019·房山二模]The sports meeting 　　　　in our school last Friday. Our class won the first prize. A. held B. was held C. will hold D. will be held 3. [2019·门头沟一模]A new road 　　　　into use next month. A. put B. puts C. will be put D. will put |动词的语态| D B C 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 4. [2019·东城一模]A traffic accident happened just now. Two people 　　　　to hospital. A. send B. are sent C. sent D. were sent 5. [2019·门头沟二模]—Your classroom is very clean. —Yes, it 　　　　every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. is cleaning D. was cleaned 6. [2019·延庆一模]Another new road 　　　　near my school next year. A. builds B. will build C. is built D. will be built D B D 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 7. [2019·西城一模]—Grandpa, who is the cute boy in this photo? —It's your father. It 　　　　about 30 years ago. A. took B. will take C. was taken D. will be taken 8. [2019·海淀一模]E-books 　　　　by more and more people now. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used 9. [2019·海淀期末]The National Grand Theatre 　　　　in 2007. A. build B. built C. was built D. is built 10. [2019·石景山一模]Mr. Smith's first book 　　　　ten years ago. A. published B. publishes C. is published D. was published C C C D 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 11. [2019·西城二模]High-speed trains in China 　　　　for safety problems every night. A. check B. are checked C. will check D. will be checked 12. [2019·房山一模]The 24th Winter Olympic Games 　　　　in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in 2022. A. holds B. is held C. will hold D. will be held 13. [2019·通州一模]Many tall buildings 　　　　near our school last year. A. build B. are built C. built D. were built B D D 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 14. [2019·东城二模]I think more and more work 　　　　by robots in the future. A. does B. will do C. is done D. will be done 15. [2019·房山期末]These beautiful photos 　　　　on the Great Wall last week. A. take B. took C. are taken D. were taken 16. [2019·丰台二模]Today, sports watch is really popular. It 　　　　to record your steps. A. uses B. used C. is used D. was used D D C 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 17. [2019·海淀二模]A large forest park 　　　　near the lake next year. A. completes B. was completed C. will complete D. will be completed 18. [2019·昌平二模]A science show 　　　　in our school every year. A. holds B. held C. is held D. will be held 19. [2019·朝阳二模]These new cooking robots 　　　　in Shenzhen last year. A. make B. made C. are made D. were made D C D 对 接 中 考 专 练 语 法 综 合 演 练 20. [2019·朝阳一模]More and more airports 　　　　all over the world in the future. A. built B. will build C. were built D. will be built 21. [2019·北京]My advice on how to save paper 　　　　by my class last Monday. A. accepts B. accepted C. was accepted D. is accepted D C