初中英语宾语从句巧学妙记 32页

英语巧学妙记 宾语从句巧学妙记 I know him . 主语 谓语 宾语 （简单句） 主语 谓语 宾 语 从 句 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主 句 （复合句） 2. I know who he is . 什么是 宾语 ？ I know him. Do you have the time? I think (that) she is beautiful. Why don’t you pay attention to me? 宾语,位于谓语动词或者介词后。 一、宾语从句的概念 从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句， 通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后 。 eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right. 二、宾语从句三要素 引导词（连接词） 语 序 时 态 不同引导词引导的宾语从句 由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句 由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句 （一）引导词 1 2 3 e.g. I hear (that) _______________________. He said (that) ______________________. The teacher told us (that) _______________ ________________. he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves 1.由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句 注： that 引导的从句， 表示陈述一件事实，主句谓语动词表示确定，不疑问；that在句中无任何意义，不充当句子成分，常省略。 around the sun 2.由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句 I want to know _______________________ _______________. 2. Ask him _________________________. 3. I wonder ____________________________. 4. Could you tell me________________________ ? if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not if/ whether “ 是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在 ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑问不确定意义的词之 后；从句句意完整，不缺成分。 whether(if) Mr Li lives here 1. 在引导主语从句、表语从句时如： 　⑴ Whether it is true remains a question. 　⑵The question is whether it is true. 2. 用在动词不定式之前时用whether不用if。 　I don’t know whether to go there at once. 3. 当与 or not 连用，或 or 提出两种选择 时 : I don’t know whether he’s free or not . Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not . Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room. 注意 ： 只能用 whether 不能用 if 的情况 1 注意 ： 只能用 whether 不能用 if 的情况 2 4 . 在介词 或dicuss 后面： I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. We discussed whether we should close the shop. 5 . 与 动词不定式 连用 ( whether to do sth .) ： They asked me whether to go skating . 6. 为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句 提 在 主 句 前。 　　 Whether he will come I am not sure. 注意 ： 只能用 if 不能用 whether 的情况 1.引导条件状语从句 If he runs fast , he’ll get there on time. I’ll go to see you if I have time. 2.引导否定的宾语从句 Tell me if it is not going to rain , please. 时态 条件状语从句： 主将从现 宾语从句： 根据需要用相应时态 if whether用法巧记 两个“是否”并不难，一般情况可代换。 下列情况用whether, 主表不定式or (not)。 作为讨论介词宾， 此时 if 不可跟。 还有一点也得编， whether从句可提前。 引导条件表“如果”，再也不可用whether。 宾语从句若否定， whether一词不可用。 Practice time 选择 if / whether 。 1. I asked her __________ she had a bike. 2. We’re worried about ________ he is safe. 3. I wonder ___________ he is well. 4. I don’t know ________ or not he is well. 5. I don’t know _______ to go. if / whether whether whether /if whether whether 1. He asked _____________________________. 2. Do you know_________________________? 3. He asked_______________________________. who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose bike was the best in the class 由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 引导的宾语从句 主句谓语动词，表示疑问不确定含义，要用疑问代词引导宾语从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。 连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句 1 .Do you know ________________________? 2 . Please tell me _____________. 3 .Can you tell me ____________________ ? 4 .Could you tell me ____________________? 主句谓语动词，表示疑问不确定含义，要用疑问引导宾语从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。 when we’ll have a meeting where he is how I can get to the station why the train is late 二、语序 宾语从句的语序用 陈述语序 ： 连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分 1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . 2. What did he want to buy ? I don’t know what he wanted to buy . 主句 + 连接词 + 从句（主 + 谓 + 其他成分） 即： 助动词不能放在主语前面 。 What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening? W ho is over there ？ 注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及 what, who 作主语时， 语序不变 ： eg: I don’t know what’s the matter . Can you tell me who is over there ? Can you tell me who he is ? 做主语 做宾语 注意： 否定前移        若主句谓语动词为 think, guess ， imagine ， suppose,believe 等其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式 ；其反意疑问句，疑问从句 。 否定前移及反意疑问句形式巧记法 I don ' t think this dress fits you well , does it? 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿,是吗？ I don ' t think you are right ，are you? 我认为你是错的,是吗？ I don ' t believe you will finish the work today ， will you? 我认为你今天无法完成工作, 是吗？ 我认为猜想有假不可信，提问宾从构反问。 从句若表否定意， 否定词语要前移。 I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow . 三、时态 主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而定。 2. 如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） I knew who lived t here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back the next day . He said that he had seen the movie . 3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然 现象时，仍用一般现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say . He told the boy that three and three is six. He told me the earth moves around the sun . Mr. Li told me the sun rises in the east. 1. The radio says it _______ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2. The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go) 3. I hear they __________ (return) it already. 4. He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be) 5. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise) will be goes have returned had been rises Practice time 宾语从句巧记法 宾语从句要注意， 时态 引导词 和 语序 。 时态问题看主句， 现在时态可随意。 过去时态用过去， 客观情况要注意， 主过从现要切记。 时态 1. 时态问题 2. 引导词问题 引导词 , 并不难， 主句含义最关键。 主表肯定意完整， that常用也可省。 主表疑问不确定， 另类词, 要使用。 从句句意若完整， if/wether不可省。 从句若是缺成分， 特殊疑问词来过问。 引导词 that if/whether 特殊疑问词 3. 语序问题 还有一项是语序， 陈述语序要切记。 如何对它来判断， 助动莫放主语前 语序 ( ) 1.   The young man asked _____ it's summer or winter. A. if B. that C. weather D. whether ( ) 2.    We don't know ______ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which ( ) 3. The teacher asks us ____ Jim can come back on time tomorrow . A. that B. if C. when D. what time ( ) 4. Does anybody know ______ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that D A B C Practice ( ) 5. Could you show me ________ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station ( ) 6. Please tell me _______. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like ( ) 7. My sister told him ________ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live C B D ( ) 8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _______ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is ( ) 9. Could you tell me how long __________ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China ( ) 10. He says that if it _______ tomorrow , he _______ fishing . A. will rain , won't go B. rained , wasn't go C. rains , won't go D. rain , will go B C D 将下列句子合并为一句 : 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? 3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked. 4. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. He will come back. Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way. Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting? He asked if they liked to go skiing. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. 6. Is she doing her homework? Jim asked. 7. When will he come back? Tom asked. 8.How can I get to the station?Could you tell me? 9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me? 10. Where is Tom? They asked. Tom asked when he would come back. Could you tell me how I can get to the station? Would you tell me why the train is late? They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if she was doing her homework.