中考英语专项复习 阅读理解 7页

滨海县第一初级中学初三英语二轮复习学案（05）‎ 课题：阅读专项 班级：________ 姓 名：____________ ‎ 中考考点要求：‎ ‎ 阅读理解题主要考查考生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息的综合语言运用能力，包括阅读、理解、 ‎ 归纳概括、推理判断以及对材料的评估能力等。‎ ‎【解题指导】‎ 阅读理解解题方法 ‎① 直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。 ② 归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、 归纳得出正确答案。 ③ 综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。 ‎ ‎④ 捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案。 ⑤ 转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。 ⑥ 排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。‎ ‎【考查内容】 ‎ ‎1.阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在平时对各方面的知识都有所积累。‎ ‎2.阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。在阅读技巧上，考生要注意文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题或背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。‎ ‎【解题技巧】[来源:学*科*网]‎ ‎1.主旨题（ To find out the main idea)‎ 其目的是考查对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。‎ 解题技巧为：找主题句。 应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。‎ 主旨题常见题式为：‎ ‎1.Which is the best title of this passage?‎ ‎2.The main idea of this passage is_____‎ ‎3.The passage mainly tells us：_________‎ 例题1‎ Happiness is for everyone…‎ In fact, happiness is always around you, if you put your heart into it…‎ Happiness is not the same as money, it is a feeling of your heart…‎ ‎( )Which of the following is this passage about?‎ A. Bad luck  B. Good luck  C. Happiness  D. Life （答案为C）‎ 例题2‎ It’s so crowded in Florida! We had to wait a long time to go on the rides sometimes…..‎ ‎( )The paragraph mainly tells us_________.‎ ‎ A. It’s so crowded in Florida.‎ B. We had to wait a long time . (答案为A)‎ 例题3‎ Now scientists have told us some good news to fight travel sickness. Choose an aisle(过道) seat on a plane, train and sit in the front of a car. Avoid standing. Always face the same way that you’re travelling and leave your books at home.‎ ‎( )The paragraph is mainly about ________ ?‎ A.Where to sit on a plane B.When to travel C.How to prevent travel sickness D.Why we shouldn’t stand 例题4‎ Six strong men tried to push and pull(拉拽) the bull out, but the bull didn’t move at all and even attacked them. The men thought carefully and decided to fill the bull’s milk bottle with milk then used it to lead the bull out. It worked at last. Sometimes we meet with troubles. Maybe at first you find it difficult to deal with a problem. But thinking in different ways may lead you to the solution.‎ ‎( )What does this paragraph want to tell us? ‎ A. Experience is the best teacher. B.Something tried, something done.‎ C. It’s dangerous to make a bull angry. D.When a usual way can’t help, try another way ‎→主旨大意隐含在全篇中。对每段主题句，进行全面考虑，综合分析，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。‎ ‎2. 细节题( To look for details)‎ 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。‎ 解题技巧为： 快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。‎ 例题1‎ Peter started playing for the local club when he was only 10 years old  in 1948. In 1970,he was in the team that won the World Cup for Brazil again. He finally stopped playing in1977.‎ How many years did Peter play football?‎ ‎________________________________(答案为29 years。抓住两个年份数字1977-1948)‎ 细节题中的难点常为此类问题：‎ Which of the following  is True/Not True?‎ 这类题目要求从文中不同的地方挑出信息对事实进行判断。选项之间没有联系。解题技巧为：仔细回读相关信息。针对选项，逐个判断正误，1道等于4道。‎ 例题2‎ It seems that everybody tells lies- well, not big lies, but what we call “white lies” .Telling white lies isn't that bad. Most of the time ,people do it because they want to protect a friendship.‎ ‎(    )Which of the following is not True:‎ A. White lies are not big lies.   B. In fact, everybody tells lies .‎ ‎   C. People tell white lies to protect a friendship.   D. White lies are harmful to friendship.‎ ‎ （答题时要求对每个选项进行回读确认信息，然后判断。） （答案为D）‎ 例题3‎ Assistant Needed ‎ An assistant is needed in the Pizza Hut. He/She must be healthy and should have an interest in making pizza. More importantly, he/she should have work experience in a restaurant.‎ ‎ Tel: 021-23432569.‎ ‎( )This advertisement tells us that _______.‎ A. the assistant must be a man. B. the assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.‎ C. the assistant must be good at making pizza .D. Work experience isn’t necessary.‎ ‎→定位--抓住选项中的关键词, 回原文中找到相关句。‎ ‎3. 推断题（ To infer a conclusion)‎ 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论。包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。‎ 常见题式：‎ From the passage we know that______‎ From the passage we can infer(推断) that___‎ 注意：此类题目无法从原文中找到一模一样的句子。‎ 例题1‎ The doctor gave my sister some medicine, but it did nothing to her.‎ ‎ (  )From this sentence know__________.     ‎ ‎ A. my sister didn't like this medicine    B. my sister took the medicine    ‎ ‎ C. the medicine made my sister sick   D. my sister got better now ‎ ‎（根据后半句的but it did nothing to her推断得出我姐姐吃了这个药。） （答案为D） ‎ 例题2‎ Duke Ellington is known as one of the most important composers(作曲家) of his time, and his works have been enjoyed for more than 80 years by music lovers all over the world. During his lifetime Ellington turned musical sounds into many compositions, mostly in the style of Jazz ‎( )We may infer from the passage that ___________.‎ A.Ellington’s works disappeared quickly. B. Ellington loves travelling around the world.‎ C.Ellington could compose all kinds of songs. D.Ellington had a great influence on the world of music ‎→根据题干中的关键词或选项中的线索，找到原文的相关句, 进行合理推断、概括的选项为正确答案 ‎4.猜测词义题( To guess the meaning)‎ 猜测词义题主要考查根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。‎ 解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。‎ 常见题式如下：‎ The word “…” in the passage probably means_________.[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ What does the word “…”mean______.‎ The underlined(划线的) word means_________‎ 例题1‎ Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎( )The underlined(划线的) word means_________‎ A. animals  B. plants C. Humans D. toys （由dogs and monkeys 可推断出，答案为 A ）‎ 例题2‎ You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive.‎ ‎( )What’s the meaning of the underlined word “defensive” ?________‎ A.易怒的 B.攻击性的 C.外向的 D.有戒心的 ‎ ‎→利用因果关系猜测词义 例题3‎ Now there are many houses around the lake. People often use chemicals in their gardens. They use other chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects. There are also many businessmen. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.‎ ‎( ) “Chemical” in the story means _______.‎ A.化学家 B.污染品 C.药品 D.化学制品 （答案为 D）‎ ‎→根据已经学习的词根、词缀来推出未知词汇的意思。‎ 例题4‎ Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely．( )‎ 例题5‎ A strict vegetarian is a person who never eats meat in his life. ( ) → 通过释义来推测词意。‎ ‎【能力提升】‎ 一、人物故事篇（记叙文）‎ ‎ Do you believe that you aren’t smarter than 3-year-old Alexis Martin, one of the youngest members of the high IQ club Mensa? Preschooler (学龄前的) Alexis’s IQ is 159, which is only one point lower than Stephen Hawking’s. Doctors say the average IQ of a person is about 100.‎ ‎ She learned to read at the age of 2. She reads at a fifth grade level and has taught herself Spanish on her parents’ iPad! Now, she is a member of the Mensa Club, which only accepts people with an IQ within the top two per cent of people in the world!‎ ‎ Alexis’ father, Ian Martin, said he first realized Alexis was special when she was 12 months old. She could recite (背诵) bedtime stories. “We’d be driving around in the car and she would recite her bedtime stories from the night before. She didn’t just recite them, and she recited them exactly.” Alexis’ father would try to trick her and say that her story went a different way, but she always corrected him. Most 12-month-old children take their first steps on their own and most 18-month-olds can only name a small number of objects and body parts, and follow simple two-step questions.‎ ‎ Even though Alexis is a genius (天才), her parents are faced with lots of challenges like how to teach her to make friends of her own age.‎ ‎ “Will she go into kindergarten early? We are kind of hesitant (迟疑的) because we do want her to get to that social world,” Ian said.‎ ‎( )1.Alexis Martin is a girl who _____________.‎ ‎ A. has many hobbies B. has a high IQ C. is good at telling stories D. likes reading ‎( )2.According to the report, Stephen Hawking’s IQ is as high as ___________.‎ ‎ A. 158 B. 159 C. 160 D. 101‎ ‎( )3.Alexis Martin could recite bedtime stories at ____________.‎ ‎ A. the age of 2 B. the age of 1 ‎ ‎ C. one and a half years old D. the age of 3‎ ‎( )4.What would Alexis do when her father said her bedtime stories went a different way?‎ ‎ A. She would refuse to listen. B. She would try to recite it.‎ ‎ C. She would correct him. D. She would laugh at it.‎ ‎( )5.Which of the following statements about Alexis is NOT true?‎ ‎ A. She is accepted by the Mensa Club. B. She has made a lot of friends.‎ ‎ C. She learned to read at the age of 2. D. She learned a foreign language by herself. ‎ 二、说明篇 How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English，or do you have to use your first language? Do you count on your fingers? Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true.‎ People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States，people begin counting with their first finger，which they extend or stick out. They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb(拇指)to count to five. Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten. In China，people count by using different finger positions. In this way，a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand.‎ Besides ways of finger counting，scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers，and others have no words for numbers. A group of scientists studied aboriginal(土著的)people in Australia. These people don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have words for numbers. However，they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers.‎ In a similar study，researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that people of the Piraha tribe(部落)in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees”, “more trees” or “many trees”. Professor Edward Gibson said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count，“But here is a group that does not count. They could learn，but it’s not useful in their culture，so they’ve never picked it up.”‎ Although all humans are able to understand quantities(数量)，not all languages have numbers and not all people use counting. Number words in a certain language are a result of people needing numbers in their daily lives. Now we know that people have different ideas about numbers and math，too.‎ ‎( )6.The writer begins with the four questions in order to_______ .‎ A. make a survey B. interest readers C. tell a story D. solve math problems ‎( )7.What do we learn from the difference in finger counting between the U.S. and China?‎ A. People from China count much faster than people from the U.S.‎ B. People from China need two hands to count from one to ten.‎ C. People of different cultures may use different ways of finger counting.‎ D. People of different cultures use the same way of finger counting.‎ ‎( )8.Which of the following is true about aboriginal Australians?‎ A. They have only a few words for numbers. B. They have hand movements to stand for numbers.‎ C. They can only count to five on their fingers. D. They can understand different ideas about numbers.‎ ‎( )9.The study of the Piraha tribe shows that_________ .‎ A. people all over the world know how to count B. people of the tribe have words for numbers C. some groups of people are not smart enough to count D. counting is not useful in the culture ‎ of the tribe ‎( )10.What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. People from different cultures have different ideas about numbers and math.‎ B. Chinese people can count more easily on their fingers than Americans.‎ C. In some aboriginal cultures，people don’t even know how to count.‎ D. Some languages don’t have number words because people don’t need numbers.‎ 三、应用篇 ‎ J&M Music Store ‎• Rock, pop and country music ‎• Buy CDs new or used ‎• Listen before you buy ‎• Guitar lessons offered ‎ Peth Market ‎• Fresh fruit and vegetables ‎• Open Friday to Sunday mornings ‎• Free ice cream for children under 12‎ ‎ Times Coffee Shop ‎• The best coffee in town ‎• Sandwiches, cakes, pies •Open 10:00a.m—11:00 p.m. daily ‎•Jazz music( Wednesday to Sunday)‎ ‎ Macon's B&B ‎• Feel like home ‎ ‎• We have different kinds of rooms ‎• Delicious homemade breakfast ‎( )11.You can________ at J&M Music Store.‎ ‎ A. receive guitar lessons B. borrow new or used CDs ‎ C. learn pop music history D. buy all kinds of music books ‎( )12. You can go to Times Coffee Shop to have coffee and pies at_______.‎ ‎ A. 8:30 a.m. B. 9:30 a.m. C. 10:30 p.m. D. 11:30 p.m.‎ ‎( )13. If your friend is coming for a visit, where will he stay for a night?‎ ‎ A. In J&M Music Store. B. In Peth Market ‎ C. At Times Coffee Shop. D. At Macon's B&B.‎ ‎( )14. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ ‎ A. There is no breakfast at Macon's B&B. B. You can't listen to the CD before you buy it.‎ C. Times Coffee Shop offers Jazz music every day. ‎ D. Kids under 12 can get free ice cream in Peth Market.‎ ‎( )15. Where is the passage probably from?‎ ‎ A. A dictionary. B. A newspaper. C. A story book. D. A science report. ‎ 四、英美作家的经典文学作品（略作改写）‎ One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of the art works. ‎ A young couple viewing the paintings ahead of me chatted nonstop between themselves. I watched them a moment and decided the wife was doing all the talk. I admired the husband’s patience for putting up with her continuous talk. Distracted by their noise, I moved on. ‎ I met with them several times as I moved through the different rooms of art. Each time I heard her constant burst of words, I moved away quickly.‎ I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple came near to the exit. Before they left, the man reached into his pocket and pulled out a white object. He extended it ‎ into a long stick and tapped his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket. ‎ ‎ “He’s a brave man. ”The clerk at the counter said,” Most of us would give up if we were blinded at such a young age. During his recovery he made a promise that his life wouldn’t change. So , as before, he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new art show.”‎ ‎“But what dose he get out of the art?” I asked, “He can’t see.”‎ ‎“Can’t see? You’re wrong. He sees a lot. More than you or I do.” The clerk said, “His wife describes each painting so he can see it in his head.”‎ I learned something about patience, courage and love that day. I saw the patience of a young wife describing paintings to a person without sight and the courage of a husband who would not allow blindness to change his life. And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away hand in hand.‎ ‎( )16.The young couple were at an art museum ________.‎ A. to show their love B. to appreciate art C. to discuss paintings D. to describe paintings ‎( )17.“…I moved away quickly.” in Paragraph 3 shows that the writer ________.‎ A. was in the hope of visiting more rooms B. was in a hurry to buy some gifts C. was tired of the nonstop talking D. was not interested in the art show ‎( )18.We can infer from the passage that the husband _________.‎ A. was not born blind B. couldn’t stand his wife C. knew nothing about art D. completely depended on his wife ‎( )19.After hearing what the clerk had said about the couple, the writer was ________.[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ A. encouraged B. excited C. touched D. annoyed ‎( )20.The passage is mainly about ___________.‎ A. the importance of art B. good manners in public C. patience of a husband D. love between a couple ‎