深圳牛津初中英语九年级下册Unit知识点语法精讲精练全套 23页

九年级下册Unit 4 Natural disasters单元总结及练习 ‎【必记单词】‎ 1) earthquake n.地震 ‎ 2) flood n.（使）灌满水，淹没 3) badly adv.严重地，厉害地 ‎ 4) alive adj.活着，在世 5) pool n.水坑，水塘 ‎ 6) pass v.通过 7) dead adj.（因为缺电）不运行的 ‎ 8) stare v.盯着看，凝视，注视 9) notice v.注意到，意识到 ‎ 10) awake v.（使）醒来 11) immediately adv.马上，即刻 ‎ 12) missing adj.失踪的 ‎【短语归纳】‎ 1. natural disaster 自然灾害 ‎ 2. think of 想起，想到 3. be interested in ... 对......感兴趣 ‎ 4. be worried about 担心 5. dream about 梦见，梦到 ‎ ‎6.such as 例如 7. pass by 通过；经过 ‎8.stick with 持续，坚持 9. worry about 担心 ‎ ‎10.think about 考虑 11. stare at 盯着看，凝视 ‎ ‎12.in surprise 惊讶地 13. for now 暂时 ‎ ‎14.so...that... 如此......以至于......‎ 15. wait for 等候 ‎ ‎16.pack up 收拾行李 17. for example 例如 ‎ ‎18.write down写下 19. survival kit 救生包 ‎ ‎20.in the end最后 21. from...to... 例如 ‎ ‎22.how far 多远 ‎23.pay attention to 注意，留心 24.fall down倒塌 ‎25.at once 立刻 26.as...as possible 尽可能......地 ‎27.wake up 醒来 28.in case of 假如 ‎29.stay away from... 远离......‎ ‎30.sit around 无所事事地消磨时间；闲坐 ‎31.fall on deaf ears 不被理睬，不被注意 ‎【用法集萃】‎ ‎1.start to do sth. 开始做某事 ‎2.have to do sth.必须/不得不做某事 ‎3.try to do sth. 试图/尽力做某事 ‎4.it is/was adj. to do sth. 做某事是......的 ‎5.afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 ‎6.have no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事 ‎7.it seems that +从句 似乎......‎ ‎8.want to do sth. 想要做某事 ‎9.stop doing sth. 停止做某事 ‎10.ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 ‎11.be able to do sth. 能够做某事 ‎12.suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 ‎13.It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.（某人）花费多少时间做某事 ‎14.make +宾语+形容词 使某人/某物......‎ ‎15.find sb.+doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事 ‎16.let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 ‎17.adj./adv. enough to do sth 足够......可以做某事 ‎18.had better do sth. 最好做某事 ‎19.help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 ‎20.expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 ‎21.keep doing sth. 一直做某事 ‎【经典句型】‎ ‎1. It’s important to stick with it.坚持工作很重要。‎ ‎2. I have no time to think about the flood.我没有时间考虑洪水。‎ ‎3. It took a long time to build the house.建这座房子花了很长时间。‎ ‎4. It seems that nobody is paying any attention to the flood.似乎没有人关注那场洪水。‎ ‎5. It is not a good idea to sit around and worry about the flood.闲坐着担心洪水不是一个好主意。‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ it 作形式主语的用法 代词it可以用来代替一个名词、一个短语、一个句子，在句中作主语或宾语。本单元学习it作形式主语的几种情况。‎ ‎1. it作主语指时间、日期、天气、距离和气温等。‎ It’s nine o’clock now. （指时间）‎ It is much colder than it was yesterday. （指天气）‎ It is about 5 kilometres from here to my home. （指距离）‎ It is very hot in the classroom. （指气温）‎ It is Sunday today. （指日期）‎ ‎2. It作形式主语代替动词不定式，常用于以下句型中：‎ ‎(1) it is/was adj. (of/for) sb. to do sth.‎ 当表语是与事物的特征有关的形容词时，如easy, difficult, hard, important,‎ necessary等，用介词for.‎ It is difficult for Lucy to learn physics.‎ It is interesting for us to play badminton.‎ 当表语是描述人的性格、品质的形容词时，如kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, stupid等，用介词of.‎ It is kind of you to help me.‎ It is clever of the little child to work out such a difficult math problem.‎ ‎(2) it takes/took sb. some time to do sth.‎ It takes him an hour to do his homework every day.‎ ‎(3) it is/was n. to do sth.‎ It is great fun to have a party here.‎ It was a great pleasure to work with you.‎ ‎3.it作形式主语还常用于句型 “it seems/appears that +从句”，表示 “似乎/好像/看来......”‎ It seems that he knows everything.‎ It appears that we are wrong.‎ 单元练习 一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。‎ ‎1. The old man is d_________. He can’t hear anything.‎ ‎2. My dog is m__________. Can you help me find it?‎ ‎3. All of them are ___________（注视）at the computer screen.‎ ‎4. We don’t know whether he’s _________（活着）or dead.‎ ‎5. The road was so narrow（狭窄）that cars were unable to _________（通过）.‎ 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1. This was the worst ___________(nature) disaster in the history of the United States.‎ ‎2. Look! There are two _________(coach) in front of our school.‎ ‎3. Some countries would be _________(flood) if sea level around the world rose.‎ ‎4. I have no time _________(think) about these questions.‎ ‎5. Mary suggested _________(go) there by bus and I agreed.‎ 三、单项选择 ‎1. ---____________ is it from here to the railway station?‎ ‎---About ten kilometres.‎ A.How far B.How fast C.How soon D.How often ‎2. Mary feels unhappy because nobody seems to _________ her progress.‎ A.notice B.look C.watch D.read ‎3. What _________ it is!‎ A.nice day B.nice weather C.a nice weather D.nice a weather ‎4. The line is __________. What should we do?‎ A.deaf B.alive C.dead D.missing ‎5. He hurt her _________ badly ________ she had to see a doctor.‎ A.too; that B.so; that C.either; or D.too; to ‎6. Each of us has to write a __________________ report every two weeks.‎ A.two-hundred-word B.two-hundreds-word C.two-hundreds-words D.two-hundred-words ‎7.---May I listen to music here, Mr. White?‎ ‎---Sorry, you’d better ________ it like that.‎ A.not to do B.not do C.don’t do D.not do to ‎8. My daughter wants a rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy _________for her.‎ A.it B.one C.the one D.that ‎9. His friends asked him ____________ up smoking.‎ A.give B.to give C.gave D.giving ‎10. When she heard the news, she looked at me __________ surprise.‎ A.for B.to C.at D.in ‎11. The little boy is ________ lovely ________ everyone likes him.‎ A.such; that B.too; to C.so; that D.enough; that ‎12. __________ foggy day!‎ A. How B. What C.How a D. What a ‎13. Finish your homework first, and then you’ll ___________ watch TV for an hour.‎ A.can B.be able to C.able to D.could ‎14. Our teacher often asks us _________ questions in groups.‎ A.discuss B.to discuss C.discussing D.discussed ‎15. What a pity! Liu Xiang didn’t win the ___________ hurdles（跨栏）.‎ A.110-metre B.110-metres C.110 metre D.110 metes ‎16. ---Do you know that Mr. Zhang passes ________ last week?‎ ‎---Yes. He died _____________ illness.‎ A.away; of B.on; from C.by; with D.off; as ‎17. He lost his key. It made him _________ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.‎ A.to stay B.stayed C.stays D.stay ‎18. ---You’d better _________ early. It is good for your health.‎ ‎---Thanks. I’ll do as you say.‎ A.get up B.to get up C.getting up D.got up 四、根据汉语意思完成句子。‎ ‎1.在晚上他通常闲坐着玩电脑游戏。‎ In the evening, he usually _________ _________ playing computer games.‎ ‎2.你应该多加注意你的发音。‎ You should ________ more __________ _________ your pronunciation.‎ ‎3.我让孩子们保持安静，但是无人理睬。‎ I asked the children to keep quiet, but this ________ ________ ________ ears.‎ ‎4.他们花了三天时间制作这个飞机模型。‎ ‎________ took them three days ________ ________ the model plane.‎ ‎5. 6路公交车每天从我家门前经过。‎ The No. 6 bus ________ ________ my door every day.‎ ‎ Unit 4 Natural disasters ‎ Grammar： it作为形式主语的用法 ‎ ‎ A． it 作非人称代词表示天气，日期，时间，温度，距离，价值，路程，度量，自然现象与环境等，也可模糊地指一般情形或上文的部分或整个意思。译成汉语时，it 通常不一定译出来，例如：‎ It’s lunch time already.We have to go home now. 已经是午饭时间，我们该回家了。‎ Is it far from your home to your school？你们家离学校远吗？‎ I think it is going to snow sometime this week. 我认为这个星期什么时候会下雪。‎ It is cold in this room. 这个房间里很冷。‎ It’s long time since they left. 他们走后很久了。‎ It’s two miles to the beach. 离海滨有两英里远。‎ That’s just it--- I can’t work when you’re making so much noise.‎ 原因就在这里---你弄出这么大的声音，我工作不了。‎ B． it 在句中作形式主语：当句中的主语是动词不定式，动名词时，往往把主语放在谓语动词之后，而用it放在句首，作形式主语。‎ It is wrong to laugh at others when they are in difficulty. ‎ 当别人处于困境时嘲笑他们是错误的。‎ It is impossible to learn a language well in two months. ‎ 在两个月内学好一门语言是不可能的。‎ It is interesting to watch the monkeys play. 看着猴子玩耍很有趣。‎ C. It 也可以用在it seems/appears that…句型中。例如：‎ It seems that this is your idea of cleaning a room. 看起来打扫房间是你的主意。‎ It seems/appears that nobody is paying attention to the flood. 看起来没人注意到洪水。‎ 语法检测：‎ 一． 按照句子结构的语法性，填入一个恰当的词。‎ 1. ‎_________is not easy to ask her stop.‎ 2. Look at the baby! _______ is one year old.‎ 3. ‎__________was on Sunday, an American friend of mine came to see me.‎ 4. ‎__________is a very long way from here to Shenzhen Bookstore.‎ 5. I found __________hard to go to sleep.‎ 6. We can’t go out because ________is raining.‎ 二．根据括号内的提示完成下面对话。‎ ‎1. --- She looks rather pale, _______ (it / seems / that / wrong / something / her / with / there is)‎ ‎ --- Yes, she got a cold.‎ ‎2. --- Did your friend catch the train at last? --- _______ (it / appears / failed / the train / that / to catch / he)‎ ‎3. --- I think we should think of a better idea to solve the problem. --- _______ (it / seems / right / that / you are)‎ 三．将下列句子替换成用it作形式主语的句子。‎ ‎1. To finish the homework takes a lot of time and effort. ‎ ‎__________________________________________‎ ‎2. To face the situation bravely takes a great deal of courage.‎ ‎________________________________________‎ 3. To complete such a complex task is very difficult.‎ ‎________________________________________________‎ 4. To be polite and friendly to your colleagues is important.‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ 5. To go fishing on weekends sounds like a good idea.‎ ‎_______________________________________________‎ 第一节 ‎ 英英释义 1. In my view, we shouldn’t take part in so many after- school activities.‎ ‎ A.place B.opinion C.memory D.way 2. My grandmother became stone deaf when she was 70 but she can guess what we say from our moving lips.‎ ‎ A.couldn’t see anything B.couldn’t move ‎ C.couldn’t hear anything D.couldn’t speak 3. Besides Helen, she has another best friend.‎ ‎ A. Beside B. In addition to C. Despite D. Except 4. Easter is one of the two major Christian festivals.‎ ‎ A.formal B.unhelpful C.public D.important 5. Lend me your ears and I’ll tell you the secret.‎ ‎ A. You can hear me B. Listen to me carefully C. Take my ears D. I’ll borrow you ears 6. He set up a company when he graduated from the university.‎ ‎ A.hung up B.founded C.worked in D.put on 7. The police burst in through the door and caught the bad man.‎ ‎ A.entered suddenly B.broke down C.entered quietly D.picked up 8. Do you think that it is cruel to kill animals for school?‎ ‎ A.causes pain and suffering B.costs much money ‎ C.is pleasant D.is interesting 9. We need an amount of money to finish the job.‎ ‎ A.much more B.a quantity of C.not only D.some extra 1. You can talk to me at 3 this afternoon, I am available at that time.‎ ‎ A.sad B.busy C.free D.happy 第一节 ‎ 语法填空 ‎ ( 1 )‎ ‎ Without proper planning, tourism can cause____1____.(problem) For example, too many tourists can crowd public places ___2___ are also enjoyed by the citizens of a country. If tourism create too much traffic, the citizens will become ___3___ (anger) and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists ___4___ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. ___5___ is important to think about the people of a destination country and ___6___ tourism affects them. Tourism should help ___7___ country keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and ___8___ (happy) of local citizens.    ‎ ‎    Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism ___9___ (grow) too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work ___10___ the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.‎ Key：1. problems  2. that/which  3. angry 4. and  5. It 6. how  7. a  8. happiness  9. grows  10. in ‎ ‎ ‎ ( 2 )‎ ‎ London was awarded ____1____ 2012 Olympic Games on Wednesday, ___2___ (defeat) European rival Paris in the final round of voting to take the games back to British capital ___3____ the first time since 1948. ‎ ‎___4____ Moscow, New York and Madrid were eliminated (淘汰) in the first three rounds（回合). London beat Paris 54—50 on the fourth ballot(投票表决) of the IOC. ‎ ‎    In London crowds cheered and waved flags as ___5____watched the announcement from Singapore ___6____ a giant screen in Trafalgar Square and in the east London area ___7___ the main Olympic complex (建筑群) will be based. ‎ ‎ Blair spent two days in lobbying(游说) in Singapore before leaving to host the G8 summit (8国峰会) in Scotland. “My promise ___8___ you is that we will be ____9___ （you）very best  partners,” Blair said. ‎ ‎     It’s the ____10___（twenty） bid (申办) from Britain after failed attempts by Birmingham for the 1992 Olympics and Manchester for the 1996 and 2000.‎ ‎ ‎ Key：1. the  2. defeating  3. for  4. After  5. they 6 .on  7. where  8. to 9. your  10.twentieth 第二节 ‎ 完型填空 It was a Saturday afternoon. Mr. Green was reading a newspaper. Suddenly he heard his wife 1 in the next room. He hurried to her and asked, “What happened to you, my dear?” ‎ ‎ “Oh, dear!” his wife cried out, “My head hurts! 2 a doctor. Hurry up!” Their two children were both 3 at that moment and something was wrong with the telephone. Mr. Green 4 go to a hospital himself. Bad luck! All the hospitals in the town were 5 that day. Mr. Green didn’t know 6 . Just then his friend, Mr. Brown, saw him and asked, “What is 7 ?” ‎ ‎ Mr. Green told him everything. The man said, “Why not turn to 8 ? He can help you.” ‎ ‎ Mr. Green remembered his friend Mr. Black was a tood doctor. He hurried to Mr. Black’s. When he got there, Mr. and Mrs. Black were having their 9 meal. The doctor asked Mr. Green to drink with him. He was happy and sat 10 . After that they began to chat. And when Mrs. Black asked, “How is your wife?” “She is fine, thanks…” Mr. Green stopped at once----he remembered his wife was waiting for a doctor at home. ‎ ‎1. A. crying B. laughing C. whispering D. singing ‎ ‎2. A. Look for B. Wait for C. Send for D. Ask for ‎ ‎3. A. in B. out C. up D. down ‎ ‎4. A. should B. could C. had to D. was able to ‎ ‎5. A. expensive B. open C. free D. closed ‎ ‎6. A. when to go B. how to go C. where to go D. what to deal with ‎ ‎7. A. the matter B. the wrong C. trouble D. problem ‎ ‎8. A. Mr. Brown B. Mr. Black C. Mr. Green D. Mrs. Green ‎ ‎9. A. lunch B. supper C. morning D. evening ‎ ‎10. A. in bed B. on floor C. at the table D. at home ‎ ‎1-5. A C B C D 6-10. C A B D C 第一节 ‎ 阅读理解 A ‎ Mr. King worked in a factory. He liked playing soccer and spent much time on it, so he was sometimes late for work. His boss was so angry that he fired Mr. King. Mr. King couldn’t find another job. Finally he got into trouble and lived a difficult life. ‎ ‎ One of his friends felt sorry for him and introduced him to a headmaster, whose school was just in need of swimming coaches. Mr. King began to teach the school children to swim. He wasn’t a good coach. Two months later, the children learned nothing. Few of them could swim. ‎ ‎ It was a hot Saturday. The children wouldn’t stay in the classroom and wanted to swim in the river. Mr. King failed to stop them. Before they started, he drew a red line below the knee of each child. He said to them, “Come out of the river at once if the water reaches the line.” ‎ ‎1. Why did the boss fire Mr. King? ‎ ‎ A. Because Mr. King didn’t like his job. B. Because Mr. King was ill. ‎ ‎ C. Because Mr. King talked too much. D. Because Mr. King was sometimes late for work. ‎ ‎2. Mr. King couldn’t find another job and his life was ________. ‎ ‎ A. happy B. hard C. relaxing D. free ‎ ‎3. Who helped Mr. King find a job in a school? ‎ ‎ A. The boss of the factory B. His friend C. The school children D. Nobody ‎ ‎4. Two months later, the children learned nothing because ________. ‎ ‎ A. Mr. King taught them to play soccer B. they didn’t like swimming at all ‎ ‎ C. they were afraid of water D. Mr. King was a poor coach ‎ ‎5. Mr. King _______, so he drew a red line below the knee of each child. ‎ ‎ A. didn’t want the children to swim B. wanted to make the children look funny ‎ ‎ C. wanted to make the children happy D. wanted to help the children swim better ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ B ‎ 2011 is special year for all the people in Shenzhen. The 26th World Universidad will be held in the city from August 12th to 23rd. As we all know, “ Start Here” is the slogan of this great event. Does anyone know that a new life of two giant pandas will start here as well? Shenzhen is expecting the pair of pandas for the Summer Universidad. The pandas, a male and a female from Wolong Panda Research Center in Sichuan Province, will be “Universidad Pandas”, just like “Asian Games Pandas” and “Olympic Pandas”. Shenzhen Safari Park will rebuild its panda house to welcome the pandas. The panda house has been empty since another panda, Yongba, 25, was returned to Sichuan in 2009 because it was too old. How old are the Universiade Pandas? What are their names? What are they like? What are their living habits? We will find out the answers in June when they arrive. ‎ ‎1. The 26th World Universidad will begin on __________. ‎ ‎ A. August 12th B. August 23rd C. September 12th D. September 23rd ‎ ‎2. The pair of pandas comes from ________. ‎ ‎ A. Shenzhen B. Sichuan C. Guangzhou D. Beijing ‎ ‎3. Yongba is a(n) _________. ‎ ‎ A. Universidad panda B. Asian Games Panda ‎ ‎ C. Olympic panda D. panda that used to live in Shenzhen Safari Park ‎ ‎4. From the passage we can know the _________of the Universidad Pandas. ‎ ‎ A. arrival time B. ages C. names D. living habits ‎ ‎5. The passage tells us that __________. ‎ ‎ A. the slogan of the 26th World Universidad is “Just Do It” ‎ ‎ B. there will be two male pandas coming to Shenzhen ‎ ‎ C. Yongba left Shenzhen in 2009 ‎ ‎ D. Wolong Panda Research Center will build a panda house for the Universiade Pandas ‎ C ‎ Fish and apple soup? Yes, and you won’t believe how delicious it is. This first came out of a restaurant ‎ in Singapore, but it is now very popular as the soup du jour in Chinese restaurants. ‎ Ingredients (serves 4): ‎ ‎1 whole fish ‎ ‎2 apples, quartered ‎ ‎4-6 ginger slices (姜片) ‎ ‎1 bunch of spring onions, cut into pieces ‎ ‎1red tomato, cut into 8 pieces ‎ Oil, salt and pepper ‎ Methods: ‎ ‎1. Remove the bones from the fish ‎ ‎2. Pour oil into a pan. Fry the ginger slices and the spring onions. Add the fish bones and fry. ‎ ‎3. Add enough water and boil it for about 15 to 20 minutes. ‎ ‎4. Add the apples, the fish and the tomato. When the apples go soft, add salt and pepper. ‎ ‎1. This passage is probably ___________.‎ ‎ A. a poem B. a piece of news C. a story D. a recipe ‎2. The name of the soup in Chinese restaurants is _________.‎ ‎ A. du jour soup B. tomato soup C. onion soup D. ginger soup ‎3. The underlined word "quartered" means __________.‎ ‎ A 榨汁 B. 切成四份 C. 洗净 D. 剁碎 ‎4. If you want to cook the soup for 8 people, you will need _________ red tomato(es).‎ ‎ A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4‎ ‎5. In what order should you add the ingredients while cooking the soup?‎ ‎ A. apples, fish and tomato→ ginger slices and spring onions→ oil→ fish bones ‎ B. oil→ fish bones→ ginger slices and spring onions→ apples, fish and tomato ‎ C. oil→ ginger slices and spring onions→ fish bones→ apples, fish and tomato ‎ D. ginger slices and spring onions→ fish bones→ apples, fish and tomato→ oil D Friday January 28.2011‎ China's world number seven Li Na became the first Chinese tennis player to reach a Grand Slam final at this year's Australian Open. "It was the first match easy or tough? Nothing between." said Li, who has defeated Zahlavpva Strycova on her way to the Australian Open final.‎ Tuesday March 52011‎ Besides China, more than 70 countries have offered Japan help after the earthquake. Two US search and rescue teams, with 144 stuff and 12 dogs, have begun work; The southern Afghan city of Kandahar announced it would donate (捐赠) $50.000 to die "brothers and sisters" of Japan Thursday May 19,2011‎ Canada pop star Justin. Bieber got a hugely disappointing greeting when he arrived in Hong Kon8 on Wednesday. Just seven fans showed up at the city's airport to greet Bieber. Bieber's concert—one of the last shows in his "My World" tour—is on Friday in Hong Kong,‎ Monday May 30. 2011‎ A serious drought aloft] the Yang River has affected over 34 million people, leaving farmers and livestocks (牲畜) without water. Over 4.23 million people are having difficulty finding enough drinking water, |while more than 5 million need help to tight against the drought. ‎ ‎1. Li Na _________. ‎ ‎ A. is one of the top table tennis players in the world ‎ ‎ B. is the first player to reach a Grand Slam final ‎ C. didn’t say anything about the match ‎ ‎ D. beat Zahlavaya Strycova on her way to the Australian Open final ‎2. Two search and rescue teams from _________have begun work in Japan.‎ ‎ A. Australia B. the US C. the UK D. Afghanistan ‎3. Justin Bibber might feel _________when he arrived at Hong Kong airport.‎ ‎ A. disappointed B. happy C. excited D. bored ‎4. When a drought happens, people are short of ________.‎ ‎ A. money B. oil C. food D. water ‎5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news?‎ ‎ A. An Afghan city of Kandahar will donate $50,000 to Japan.‎ ‎ B. More than 4.23 million people find it difficult to get enough drinking water.‎ ‎ C. All the Chinese were proud of Li Na after she won the match.‎ ‎ D. The concert Bibber will have in Hong Kong is one of his last shows in his “My World”tour.‎ E ‎ Look closely at your hands. Are they clean? It doesn’t matter how many times you wash your hands, tiny microbes（微生物）still stay on them. But don’t worry. Most microbes don’t harm you.‎ ‎ Now scientists say the microbes on our hands could be used in a surprising way: fighting crime. According to a recent study, microbes as well as fingerprints（指纹）could be used to identify the criminal.‎ Everyone has his own set of microbes on the hands. That is to say, if you and your best friend were able to see and compare all the microbes on your hands, your hands probably would look different. Some microbes only show up on your hands while others live only on your friend’s hands.‎ When you work on a computer, you leave the microbes from your hands on the keyboard.The scientists can easily tell the owner of the keyboard by looking at the microbes on it. Even if you don't leave your fingerprints behind, your microbes may give you away. ‎ Noah Fierer, a scientist says, “You can only clean a fingerprint, but you can’t sterilize（使无菌）a surface just by wiping（擦）it off.” He says that scientists have a lot more work to do before the microbe is used as a useful tool.‎ ‎1. According to the passage, ________could be used to identify the criminal.‎ ‎ A. fingerprints B. scientists’ hands ‎ C. microbes D. fingerprints and microbes on people’s hands ‎2. Paragraph 3 tells us that ______.‎ ‎ A. our hands look similar B. the microbes will make the keyboard dirty ‎ C. we should compare our hands often D. we have our own sets of microbes ‎3. When you work on a computer, the microbes ______.‎ ‎ A. just stay on your hands B. also stay on the keyboard ‎ C. will do harm to you D. will disappear ‎4. From Noah Fierer we know that _________.‎ ‎ A. fingerprints are no longer useful in fighting crime ‎ ‎ B. microbes can’t be found on everyone’s hands ‎ C. unlike microbes, fingerprints can be cleaned if people wipe them ‎ D. the microbe is used as a useful tool ‎5. What’s the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ A. Microbes May Tell Who You Are B. Scientists Say Everyone Has Microbes ‎ C. Noah Fierer Does Research Into Microbes D. Fingerprints Help Catch Criminals Key：A 1-5. D B B D A B 1-5. ABDAC C 1-5. DABBC D 1-5. DBADC E 1.-5 DDBCA 第五节 写作： 如何写好一篇英语作文，我们要从以下几个方面着手：‎ 1. 如何用词：措辞要遵循习惯，选词要确切达意，用词要简明扼要。‎ 例如：1. We rise early every day. ‎ ‎ 2. We get up early every day.‎ ‎ 这两句都意为“我们每天起床很早”,但是2更通俗易懂。‎ ‎ 又如：high 和 tall ‎ 都有“高”的意思，但表示身高要用“tall”,表示位置高用“high”，用词时，我们要尽量 ‎ 做到：宁用常用词，不用偏僻词；宁用具体词，不用抽象词。‎ ‎ 例如：1.His name is called Tom..‎ ‎ 2.His name is Tom.‎ ‎ 以上两次都表示“他叫汤姆“这样的信息，但是2更简单明了。‎ 1. 如何写好句子：初中英语书面表达多数是提示性写作，所以只要用正确的句子表达出所给图画或提纲等提示的内容就能得到高分。常见方法如下：‎ ‎ 直译法： 简单说就是直接翻译句子，用合适的词汇短语，结合一定的语法知识，按照句子的结构特点直接 ‎ 用英语写出对应的句子即可。例如：他不喜欢踢足球： He doesn’t like playing football.‎ 分解法：就是把一个长句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样可以降低写错句子的几率。‎ ‎ 例如： 全国各地来的学生中，有许多是北方人。 ‎ ‎ Students here are from all over the country. Many of them are from the North.‎ 合并法： 就是把两个或两个以上的句子用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法能够体改文章 ‎ 的层次和可读性，例如：‎ ‎ 我们迷路了，这使我们的野营旅行变成了一次冒险。‎ ‎ Our camping trip turned into an adventure when we got lost.‎ 移位法：由于汉语和英语在表达习惯上存在差异。根据表达的需要，某些成分需要前置或后移。例如：‎ ‎ 他发现学好英语很容易。 He found it easy to learn English well.‎ 迂回法：有的同学在写句子时，一遇到生词或不熟悉的表达就不知所措，其实，我们可以在保持原意的基 ‎ 础上，用不同的表达方式写出来。例如：‎ ‎ 你可以同我们一起去或待在家中，悉听尊便。‎ ‎ You can go with us or stay at home. Either is OK.‎ 2. 如何设计文章段落 ‎ 内容要完整：一个完整的段落既要有中心，也要有围绕中心的描述，所给的要点要全面。‎ ‎ 过渡要自然：正确使用连接词对写作起着非常重要的作用，常用的连接词有：‎ ‎ and, then, after,in the same way, moreover, howover, in fact, finally, in a word等等。‎ ‎ 展开要有法： 描写事件注意先后顺序，描写空间注意上下远近，左右高低等顺序。‎ 写作任务：暑假即将来临，某校学生会打算在假期举行为贫困地区或受灾地区（disaster area）d的孩子奉献爱心的活的，请你用英语写一封倡议书，号召同学们用力所能及的方式伸出援手，奉献自己的爱心。‎ 要求：1. 文中应该包括：至少两种帮助方式及这样做的目的和意义；‎ ‎ 2. 词数80—100,短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear schoolmates:‎ While you are sitting in our bright classroom,remember there are lots of children in the disaster areas needing our help badly. Summer vacation is coming. Let’s do something to help them.‎ As students ________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 参考例文：‎ Dear schoolmates:‎ While you are sitting in our bright classroom,remember there are lots of children in the disaster areas needing our help badly. Summer vacation is coming. Let’s do something to help them.‎ As students, we can give away our pocket money, school things, some of our clothes or toys. We can also donate some books to them in order to open up their eyes to the outside world. We may raise money for charity by collecting used bottles,plastics,waste paper and so on, or by doing part—time jobs, such as handing out advertisements, selling newspaper and so on. Making pen pals with them will be a better way to help them deal with problems in their study.‎ Unit4单元测试题 笔试部分（共85分）‎ I. 词汇运用。（15分）‎ i. 同义替换。（共8小题，每小题1分）‎ ‎( ) 1. The street will be flooded when it rains heavily.‎ ‎ A. filled with cars B. filled with people C. filled with water ‎( ) 2. She sat and stared at the letter in front of her,‎ ‎ A. thought about ... for a long time B. copied down ... in a short time C. looked at ... for a long time ‎( ) 3. The telephone rang, and he answered it immediately.‎ ‎ A. after a while B. at last C. at once ‎( ) 4. She looked up in surprise when I shouted.‎ ‎ A. amazement B. happiness C. particular ‎ ‎( ) 5. I'm too busy. I don't have time to go shopping with you. ‎ ‎ A. have much time B. don't like C. have no time ‎( ) 6. His advice fell on deaf cars, so he was very angry.‎ ‎ A. was accepted B. was paid no attention C. was put into action ‎( ) 7. For now, I have to stay at home because of my illness.‎ ‎ A. At present B. For example C. As for me ‎( ) 8. Our boss will be on business next week, and he asked me to book a ticket for him.‎ ‎ A. leader of a family B. leader of a company C. leader of a country ii. 词汇释义。（共3小题，每小题1分）‎ ‎( ) 9. If people or other creatures are still living and not dead, they are _______‎ ‎ A. good B. useful C. alive ‎( ) 10. To_______ something means to see or hear somebody or something.‎ ‎ A. notice B. catch C. manage ‎( ) 11. A _______ is a comfortable bus for carrying passengers over long distances.‎ A. train. B. coach . C. truck iii. 根据上下文线索猜词。（共4小题，每小题1分）‎ ‎( ) 12. The road is so narrow that buses are unable to _____.‎ ‎ A. stay B. come C. pass ‎( ) 13. The car was _____ damaged in the accident, and it cannot be repaired. ‎ ‎ A. lightly B. badly C. hardly ‎( ) 14. I ______ at four this morning, and I couldn't fall asleep any more.‎ ‎ A. got up B. stayed up C. woke up ‎( ) 15. The police are searching through the forest to find the _______ child.‎ ‎ A. missing B. clever C. lucky II. 语法填空（10分）‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文, 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求, 在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（共10小题，每小题1分）‎ Most (16) _____ (America) do not think about preparing for natural disasters (17) ______ one is knocking at their doorstep. But earthquakes, hurricanes, and tornadoes (龙卷风) are all natural disasters that can affect many of us who live in different (18) ________ (area) of the world. However, many people have been talking about (19) ________ (be) prepared for a natural disaster.‎ ‎ Know about natural disasters. You should know which type of natural disasters the area you live in is (20) ______ (like) to have. Some of the most frequent natural disasters are floods, tornadoes and earthquakes. However, with the (21) _______ (recently) changes in global warming, it has (22) _______ (result) in an increase in other less common natural disasters such as hurricanes and tsunamis. Develop (23) _______ game plan. A strong game plan is the most important part of this process. The game plan (24) ______ (include) making and taking part in an escape route for your family and choosing a safe location for those natural-disasters that require you to take cover. It is also a good idea to have an emergency bag packed for the family (25) __________ each member of the family.‎ III. 完形填空（1 5分）‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文。从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎（共10小题，每小题1.5分）‎ Isadora Duncan Was born in America in 1877. She was a great teacher who enjoyed 26 at an early age. She even began to 27 other children to dance when she was 'only six years old. Although Duncan stopped going to school at the age of ten, she was a(n) 28 teacher. She later had students from all over the world.‎ ‎ Duncan was called "the mother of modern dance" because she brought lots of new 29 into the dancing of her times. She believed that dance was life itself and came from the heart. Duncan also said that dance belonged to everyone, 30 and poor, young and old. She once 31 to dance in a theater where the tickets were very expensive. Why? In Duncan's opinion, dance belonged to everyone and everyone had the chance to enjoy the dancing show. People didn't need to 32 money for watching the dancing show.‎ Duncan also 33 the people of her times by dancing in comfortable clothes and without shoes on her feet. She 34 some old and traditional rules in many ways and gave dance a new language. Now people who are 35 in modern dance are still getting new ideas from this great teacher.‎ ‎( ) 26.A. singing B. dancing C. acting ‎( ) 27. A. learn B. teach C. offer ‎( ) 28. A. excellent B. busy C. powerful ‎( ) 29. A. ideas B. steps C. purposes ‎( ) 30. A. healthy B. weak C. rich ‎( ) 31. A. agreed B. accepted C. refused ‎( ) 32. A. spend B. pay C. borrow ‎( ) 33. A. relaxed B. excited C. surprised ‎( ) 34. A. obeyed B. set C. broke ‎( ) 35. A. interested B. amazed C. shocked IV. 阅读理解（30分）‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（共20小题，每小题1.5分）‎ A Casey stood in the classroom doorway. She knew all her classmates were looking at her. She wanted to run away from all the stares. But Ms Jacobs called her.‎ ‎ "Come in, Casey. Your mother phoned and told me about your surprise." Casey came slowly into the room ‎"I know you don't feel well right now," Ms Jacobs said.‎ ‎ "Well, I think you were very brave to come to School wearing braces." ‎ ‎ Casey had been afraid everyone would think she looked silly. But now Ms Jacobs sounded so kind and understanding.‎ ‎ And no one was giggling (咯咯地笑) any more. Casey started to feel better.‎ ‎ "I know how that feels," said Ms Jacobs. "I got my braces too!" Then she passed her pictures around.‎ ‎ "You'll never guess what my nickname was," Ms Jacobs said.‎ ‎ "Tinsel teeth?" David Anderson tried.‎ ‎"Metal mouth?" asked Wend.‎ ‎ Ms Jacobs walked to the board. In big white letters, she wrote "Jaw broken Jacobs". Under the name, she put a picture of herself wearing braces. Then she reached for her camera.‎ ‎ "Casey, you are the first student in our class to have braces," said Ms Jacobs. "I want to put a picture of you next to mine. Then we'll have a nickname contest for you. You will judge the winner."‎ ‎ Ms Jacobs turned to the class.‎ ‎ "Whatever name Casey chooses is the only nickname she can be called," she said. Later, Ms Jacobs chose the best ideas she had collected from the class. Casey chose the name "Casey".‎ ‎( ) 36. Why did all Casey’s classmates look at her at the beginning of the passage?‎ A. They were trying to think of names for the nickname contest. ‎ B. Ms Jacobs ordered them to look at her in front of the class.‎ C. Casey was trying to get their attention.‎ D. Casey looked different today.‎ ‎( ) 37. What would Casey's classmates call her?‎ A. Casey.‎ B. Metal mouth.‎ C. Tinsel teeth.‎ D. Jaw broken Jacobs.‎ ‎( ) 38. How would other students in the class feel if they had to get braces in the future? ‎ A. They would feel bad about their nicknames.‎ B: They would be afraid everyone would make jokes about them.‎ C. They would feel better if their teacher did not talk about it.‎ D. They would be relaxed because of what happened to Casey.‎ ‎( ) 39. Who is the narrator（讲述者）of the passage?‎ A. Someone who is not in the story.‎ B. Casey.‎ C. A student named David Anderson.‎ D. Ms Jacobs.‎ ‎( ) 40. What is the main idea of the story?‎ A. Some students learnt how braces could help with real-life problems.‎ B. A teacher helped a student deal with a real-life problem.‎ C. A class accepted a new student who was feeling nervous.‎ D. A teacher introduced a new student to the class.‎ B Dear Ms Yamamoto,‎ Recently my class had a guest speaker from South Africa. He told us about a wonderful animal called aardvark (非洲蚁熊) My classmates and I learnt many interesting facts about the aardvark which will help us write our animal reports. There are many unbelievable things about the aardvark. The most amazing 'thing is that its tongue（舌头）can be as long as 30 centimeters! The aardvark's body is also unusual. Its head has a long nose and rabbit-like ears. The largest part of the body looks like a bear, and its feet have sharp claws (爪子). it can dig down into the ground to create a hiding place in minutes because it is very strong. The aardvark is a very shy animal. However, when an animal attacks, the aardvark will protect itself with its front claws. Sometimes it will lie on the back and fight with all four claws.‎ Another name for the aardvark is "anteater". This is because it eats ants. The long tongue can reach into the hole of an anthill（蚁冢）and get its food. It is because of its diet that I am writing this letter. If I had an aardvark, I ‎ could keep it well fed and it could help me with the ant problem in my backyard. Do you know where I could get one? I look forward to your reply.‎ Yours,‎ Mike Wingle ‎( ) 41. What's Mike Wingle?‎ A. He is a father.‎ B. He is a student.‎ C. He is a teacher.‎ D. He is a speaker.‎ ‎( ) 42. What did the guest speaker tell?‎ A. A wonderful animal.‎ B. A wonderful report.‎ C. An amazing person.‎ D. An amazing book. ‎ ‎( ) 43. Which of the following is NOT true about the aardvark?‎ A. It has a long tongue.‎ B. It has a long nose.‎ C. It is very shy.‎ D. It is very dangerous.‎ ‎( ) 44. Why does Mike Wingle want an aardvark?‎ A. Because he wants to see how the aardvark gets its food.‎ B. Because he wants to keep it as his pet.‎ C. Because he wants to solve the ant problem in his backyard.‎ D. Because he finds it is very interesting and wants to study it.‎ ‎( ) 45. What's the purpose of the letter?‎ A. To give some information about a usual animal.‎ B. To buy some ants for his new pet.‎ C. To ask how to write an animal report.‎ D. To ask where he could get-an aardvark.‎ ‎ ‎ C ‎"There' s a tornado coming, Em, " Uncle Henry called his wife. Aunt Em dropped her work and shouted to Dorothy, "Quick, Dorothy! Run for the hole! "‎ ‎ Toto jumped out of Dorothy' s arms and hid under the bed. The girl started to get him. Uncle Henry and Aunt Em opened the door in the floor and climbed into the small and dark hole. Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow them. When she was halfway across the room, the house shook so hard that she sat down suddenly on the floor.‎ Then a strange thing happened. The house whirled（旋转）around two or three times and rose slowly through the air, Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon.‎ In the middle of a tornado the air was still, but the great pressure (压力) of the wind on every side of the house raised it up higher and higher, until it was at the very top of the tornado; and there it remained and was carried miles and miles away as easily as you could carry a feather.‎ ‎ It was very dark, and the wind shouted around her, but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily. She felt as if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle（摇篮）.‎ ‎ Toto didn't like it. He ran around the room, now here, now there, barking loudly; but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen.‎ ‎( ) 46. Why did Uncle Henry and Aunt Em climb into the small and dark hole?‎ A. Because they went to look for their pet.‎ B. Because they wanted to stay away from the tornado.‎ C. Because they wanted to find something in the hole.‎ D. Because they wanted to stay away from Dorothy.‎ ‎( ) 47. Which is the right order for the passage?‎ ‎ ① Dorothy sat down on the floor.‎ ‎ ② Dorothy got her dog.‎ ‎ ③ Dorothy was caught by the wind.‎ ‎ ④ Dorothy started to follow her uncle and aunt.‎ ‎( ) 48. Where did the house stay during the tornado at last? ‎ A. In the middle of the tornado.‎ B. At the very top of the tornado.‎ C. Outside of the tornado.‎ D. At the bottom of the tornado.‎ ‎( ) 49. How did Dorothy feel about what she was experiencing?‎ A. Surprised. B. Bored.‎ C. Worried. D. Relaxed.‎ ‎ ( ) 50. What's the best title for the passage?‎ A. A tornado caught Aunt Em and Uncle Henry.‎ B. Dorothy's pet dog.‎ C. A tornado caught Dorothy.‎ D. How to stay alive in a tornado.‎ D ‎ Natural and man-made disasters can come to you at any time. Even with warning, some disasters can put you in great danger. A little planning before you're in danger can help you and your family stay- alive even in the worst disaster. Check out this page to help your family prepare for an emergency.‎ ‎________________:‎ Your kit should include:‎ ‎- Water and necessary medicine.‎ ‎- Food that can be put for a long time, such as dried fruit and vegetables.‎ ‎- Things for cooking.‎ ‎- Tools, such as a knife, a rope (绳子) and a radio.‎ ‎- Clothes (make sure everyone has one change of clothes).‎ ‎- A survival kit that you think you will need to stay healthy.‎ Make a plan:‎ ‎ Come up with two meeting places where your family can regroup. One meeting place should be near your house. The other should be farther away for emergent situations.‎ ‎ Plan a run-away route! If your whole town or city is affected (影响) by an emergency, you will need to get out quickly. Make sure you ‎ plan some different routes to avoid traffic jams, fallen trees, or floods.‎ ‎ Once you've prepared your emergency kit, keep it up to date! For example, if you use up a thing in the kit, you should remember to buy a new one.‎ ‎( ) 51. Which of the following can be put back into the blank?‎ A. Stay alive in the worst disaster.‎ B. Buy a big bag for an emergency.‎ C. Kits for cooking.‎ D. Pack an emergency kit.‎ ‎( ) 52. Which one should NOT be included in your kit?‎ A. Water. ‎ B. Knives.‎ C. Clothes.‎ D. Newspapers.‎ ‎( ) 53. Where should the meeting place be?‎ A. In your house.‎ B. Near your house.‎ C. In a coffee shop.‎ D. In a crowded street.‎ ‎( ) 54. What's the third plan?‎ A. Keep the emergency kit up to date.‎ B. Plan some different routes.‎ C. Keep the emergency kit near the bed.‎ D. Come up with a meeting place.‎ ‎( ) 55. What's the best title for the passage?‎ A. Make plans for emergency.‎ B. Prepare for an emergency.‎ C. How to be safe in an emergency.‎ D. Natural and man-made disasters.‎ V. 书面表达（1 5分）‎ ‎ 2014年10月云南省的一个自治县发生了地震，那里好多房屋都倒塌了，许多人缺衣少 食。请根据以下提示写一篇不少于80词的英文短文呼吁大家向灾区人民伸出援手。‎ 提示：‎ ‎1．介绍灾区人民的情况；‎ ‎2．谈谈自己能为他们做些什么；‎ ‎3．呼吁更多的人参与到援助中来。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ 笔试部分 I. 1-5 CCCAC 6-10 BABCA 11-15 BCBCA II. (One possible version) ‎ ‎16. Americans 17. until 18. areas 19. being 20. likely 21. recent 22. resulted 23. a ‎ ‎24. includes 25. or III. 26-30 BBAAC 31-35 CBCCA IV. 36-40 DADAB 41-45 BADCD 46-50 BCBDC 51-55 DDBAB ‎ V. (One possible version) ‎ An earthquake happened in a county of Yunnan Province in October, 2014. A lot of houses fell down and many people lost their homes. They didn’t have enough clothes and food.‎ ‎　I think I can do something to help them. First, I can help them by sending them some clothes. I can collect the old clothes of mine and my parents’, and put them together and send them to the people there. Second, I can take out my pocket money. Although it’s not a large amount of money, I’m sure it will help the people there a lot. I hope more people will join me to help the people there rebuild their homes. ‎ ‎【书面表达写作指导】‎ 此篇书面表达是提示类作文，我们需要根据要点提示，并结合所给的背景来呼吁大家向灾区人民伸出援手。在写作过程中，要注意条理清楚，语法正确。‎