河北专版2020中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破专题12宾语从句和定语从句课件人教新目标版 29页

专题（十二） 宾语从句和定语从句 第二篇 　 语法专题突破 1 　 宾语从句 考点一　引导词 引导词 用法 例句 that 　如果宾语从句是陈述句 , 常用 that 引导 ,that 本身无意义 , 只起连接作用 , 口语中可省略 The radio says （ that ） it will rain tomorrow. 收音机说明天要下雨。 if, whether 　如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转化而来 , 用 if 或 whether 引导 , 在句中意为“是否” I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。 who, whose, which, when, where, why, how, what 　如果宾语从句由特殊疑问句转化而来 , 应用连接代词或连接副词引导 Could you tell me what he said to you? 你 能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗 ? [ 注意 ] 下列几种情况 , 宾语从句中的引导词通常用 whether: （ 1 ）表示“是否” , 尤其是直接与 or not 连用时 , 往往用 whether 。 I don't know whether or not he has come back. 我不知道他是否已经回来了。 （ 2 ）在介词后面只能用 whether, 不能用 if 。 This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. 这要看我们是否有决心去做。 （ 3 ）和动词不定式连用时 , 只能用 whether, 不能用 if 。 He doesn't know whether to stay or not. 他不知道是否要留下来。 （ 4 ）在及物动词 discuss 后的宾语从句中 , 只能用 whether, 不能用 if 。 We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan. 我们讨论了是否应该对计划进行变动。 考点二　语序 　无论主句是什么语序 , 在宾语从句中 , 除了引导词放在从句的句首外 , 要用陈述语序 , 即“主语 + 谓语 + ……”。但是 , 当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时 , 则要保持原来的语序 , 即“连接代词 + 谓语 + ……”。 The teacher asked me why I was late this morning. 老师问我今天早晨为什么迟到了。 I don't know who is the richest of them. （ who 在宾语从句中作主语） 我不知道他们中谁最富有。 考点三　时态 宾语从句的时态在一定程度上受到主句时态的制约 , 这种现象被称为前后时态的一致性。宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况 : 1. 主句是一般现在时 , 从句根据实际情况可用各种时态。 Do you know who he was talking with at eight last Sunday? 你知道上周日八点他正在和谁谈话吗 ? 2. 主句是一般过去时 , 从句也应用过去的某种时态。 The teacher wanted to know if her students had finished their homework. 这位老师想知道她的学生是否已完成了家庭作业。 3. 当宾语从句是客观真理或客观事实时 , 其时态不受主句时态影响 , 仍用一般现在时。 She said the sun rises in the east. 她说太阳从东方升起。 I didn't know you like classical music. 我过去不知道你喜欢古典音乐。 考点四　否定前移 在含有 think （认为） , believe （相信） , suppose （设想） , expect （期待）等动词的宾语从句中 , 如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式 , 则其否定式要前移 , 即将主句的谓语动词 think, believe, suppose, expect 等变为否定形式。 I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。 [ 注意 ] 如果宾语从句中有宾语补足语 , 要使用形式宾语 it, 将从句放在宾语补足语之后。 I thought it strange that she didn't come. 我认为她没来很奇怪。 考点五　宾语从句的简化 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同 , 且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn 等时 , 宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词 +to do ”结构的简单句。 I don't know what I should say. → I don't know what to say. 我不知道要说什么。 2 　 定语从句 在复合句中 , 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 He is the man 　 who 　 I want to see . 他就是我想要见的那个人。   　　　先行词 关系词　定语从句 引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, that, which, whom, whose 和关系副词 when, where, why 。一般情况下 , 如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词 , 关系词应用 who, whom, whose 或 that; 先行词如果是表示物的名词或代词 , 关系词应用 whose, that 或 which 。关系词有三个作用 :1. 引导定语从句 ; 2. 代替先行词 ; 3. 在定语从句中充当某种成分。 考点一　关系代词的用法 关系代词 例句 that 在从句中作主语或宾语 He wrote down the things that were talked about at the meeting. （作主语 ） 他 写下了在会议上讨论的事情。 I will never forget the man that I saw last year. （作宾语 ） 我 永远不会忘记我去年见到的那个人。 which 在从句中作主语或宾语 This is the novel which is written in English. （作主语 ） 这 是那本用英语写的小说。 The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine. （作宾语）我昨天收到的信来自我的一个朋友。 （续表） 关系代词 例句 who 在从句中作主语或宾语 ,whom 在从句中作宾语 The teacher will help anyone who is in trouble. （作主语 ） 老师 会帮助任何一个有困难的人。 The person who broke the window must pay for it. （作主语 ） 打破 窗户的人必须要赔偿。 The girl who/whom you saw last week has left the town. （作宾语） 你上周见到的那个女孩已经离开小镇了。 The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. （作宾语） 刚才和你交谈的那个人是李先生。 （续表） 关系代词 例句 　 whose 意为“谁的” , 是一个属格词。当先行词是人时 ,whose 相当于“ of whom ” ; 当先行词是物时 ,whose 相当于“ of which ” He is the only student in our class whose father is a policeman. =He is the only student in our class, the father of whom is a policeman. 他是我们班唯一一个父亲是警察的学生。 　 as 主要用在 such, the same 后 , 在从句中作主语、宾语等 Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. （作主语 ）他 提到的那些人是诚实的。 Don't read such books as you can't understand. （作宾语）不要看你不懂的书。 This is the same book as I lost. （作宾语） 这是一本跟我丢失的那本一样的书。（同类型但不是同一本） [ 归纳 ] 1. 关系代词只能用 that 的情况 分类 例句 　先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 , 或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时 This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我们学校本学期放映的第四部电影。 　先行词为 all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时 Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 ? （续表） 分类 例句 　先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等修饰时 This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。（同一辆车） 先行词里同时含有人或物时 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句 , 为避免重复 , 只能用 that Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 ? 主句是 there be 结构 , 修饰主语的定语从句用 that There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子 上有汤姆的一本书。 2. 关系代词只能用 which 的情况 : （ 1 ）当关系词前面有介词 , 指物时常用 which 。 The company in which he works is big. 他工作的那家公司很大。 （ 2 ）非限制性定语从句指物时 , 多用 which 。 The result of the experiment was very good, which pleased us. 实验的结果很好 , 这令我们十分高兴。 （ 3 ）如果先行词本身是 that 或 those, 只能用 which 。 This is that which he bought yesterday. 这就是他昨天买的那个（东西）。 考点二　关系副词的用法 关系副词 例句 when 表示时间 , 在从句中作时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met each other. 我不会忘记我们相遇的那一天。 where 表示地点 , 在从句中作地点状语 It's the place where I was born. 这是我出生的地方。 why 表示原因 , 在从句中作原因状语 , 先行词是 reason This is the reason why he was late for school. 这就是他上学迟到的原因。 （续表） 关系副词 例句 关系副词与关系代词的转换 : · when= 介词 +which 　 I still remember the year when I entered school. （ when=in which ）我仍然记得我进校的那一年。 · where= 介词 +which 　 This is the factory where my father works. （ where=in which ） 这是我父亲工作的工厂。 · why=for which 　 That is the reason why he didn't come to school. （ why=for which ） 那是他没来上学的原因。 【比较】 1.This is the place where I spent my childhood. （表地点 , 在定语从句中作地点状语） This is the place which/that I visited last summer. （在定语从句中作 visited 的宾语） 2.I'll never forget the days which/that we spent together. （在定语从句中作 spent 的宾语） I'll never forget the days when we lived together in the country. （表时间 , 在定语从句中作时间状语） 3.The reason which/that he gave is that he got up late. （在定语从句中作 gave 的宾语） The reason why he was late is that he got up late. （表原因 , 在定语从句中作原因状语） Ⅰ. 单项选择 1.[2018 ·河北 ] — Hi, Ken. Did Mrs. Zhang tell us 　　　　 ?  — Yes. She said we should meet there at nine. A.which was the way to the station B.why we should meet at the station C.when we should get to the station D.who we should meet at the station 2.[2016 ·河北 ]I'm planning a trip to the beach tomorrow, but still can't decide 　　　　 .  A.where I'm going B.how I'm going C.why I'm planning D.when I'm planning 对接中考专练 C B 3.[2015 ·河北 ] — Could you tell me 　　　　 ?  — Talking about festivals. A.how they are playing B.what they are doing C.where they are going D.why they are practicing 4.[2014 ·河北 ]I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder 　　　　 .  A.where you buy the tickets B.why you like to go there C.if you'd like to come along D.when you watch the match 对接中考专练 B C 5.[2019 ·邯郸一模 ] — Your dress is so nice. Could you tell me 　　　　 ?  — Sure. At No. 1 Clothing Shop. A.when you will buy it B.where you bought it C.how much you pay for it D.who bought it for you 6.[2019 ·唐山路北区一模 ] — Excuse me, could you tell me 　　　　 about the books I want to borrow in this library?  — Of course. You can check it on this computer. A.how can I get the information B.what information did I get C.where I can get the information D.that I got the information 对接中考专练 B C 7.[2019 ·唐山玉田一模 ]Do you know 　　　　 ? Is it the blue one?  A.which bag is hers B.where her bag is C.whether it is her bag D.why her bag is here 8.[2019 ·石家庄二模 ] — I wonder 　　　　 .  — In front of the house, I guess. A.that Tom will park his car B.where Tom will park his car C.when Tom will park his car D.how Tom will park his car 对接中考专练 A B Ⅱ. 英译汉 1.I want to know if the speech is worth listening to. 　 　　   2.Please take what the teacher said seriously. 　 　　    3.I don't think he will say no to our asking him for help. 　 　　    4.You do not win respect by showing who you are, but what you're able to do. 　 　　    对接中考专练 我想知道这个演讲是否值得一听。 请认真对待老师所说的话。 我认为他不会拒绝我们的求助。 你不是通过你是“谁”赢得尊重 , 而是通过你能做什么。 5.Could you tell me how long such cold weather will last? 　 　　    6.I like music which I can dance to. 　 　　    7.I look up to the policeman who has helped me out. 　 　　    8.We believe that success always belongs to the people who never say “ give up ” . 　 　　    对接中考专练 你能告诉我如此寒冷的天气将持续多久吗 ? 我喜欢能随着跳舞的音乐。 我崇敬那位帮我摆脱困境的警察。 我们认为成功总是属于这些永不言败的人。 9.I really like the family photo which was taken on my grandpa's 80th birthday. 　 　　   10.She often parks her car near the house which she can easily get to. 　 　　   对接中考专练 我真的很喜欢我们在爷爷 80 岁生日时拍的这张家庭照片。 她总是把车停在她很容易到达的房子旁边。 【 语法综合演练 】 内容见 Word 版 资源： 专题 12