初三英语最后一课 8页

‎2014届中考英语 最后一课 ‎‎2014/6/10‎ Part1:考点梳理 考点概述：‎ ‎1.冠词 2. 连词 3.介词 4.名词 ‎5.代词 6. 形容词和副词 7.动词短语 ‎8.同义词辨析 9. 疑问词 10.数词 11.感叹句 ‎12.连系动词 13.情态动词 14.非谓语动词 ‎15.选择疑问句 16.宾语从句 17. 被动语态 ‎18. 特殊句型和固定结构 19. 延续性与短暂性动词 ‎20. 交际用语 详细介绍:‎ ‎ 1. 冠词 (a, an, the, /)‎ ‎ 2.连词 :‎ ‎ a) and, but , or, so ‎ b) though/although, unless =if ---not-‎ ‎ c) until, when, before, after, while, ‎ ‎ as, as soon as ,since ‎ d) because of, because, as, since,so ‎ e) so---that---, so that, too---to---‎ ‎ f) that, if/whether, what, how, when ‎3.介词:‎ ‎ a)时间前的介词:in, on, at, until, during, after, before, since, for ‎ b)方位介词:through, past, over, across, along, around, below, above, under, between---and---, among, from---to---‎ ‎ c) except, besides, including, instead of, like, with, without ‎4. 名词: ‎ a)不可数名词:advice, news, information, weather, work, fun ‎ b)集体名词:the police, the family, people c)单复同形: sheep, fish d)名词所有格:’s // s’ Teachers’ Day Children’s Day Mother’s Day e) 复合名词:women / men teachers，sports meeting, boy students f) 名词复数: -ves, -oes,-ies g) 特殊变化： feet, women, teeth, children ‎ Germans, Walkmans, humans ‎5.代词:‎ ‎ a)人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词 ‎ b)不定代词: some any no 8‎ all, none, any, every, another both, neither, either, each, the other something, anything, nothing, everything somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody someone, anyone, no one, everyone 区别：1）none, no one, nothing ‎ 2）everyone, every one of ‎ 3）none, not all/all not/not every ‎ 4) it, one, ones, that ‎ ‎ 5) so, such, neither, nor ‎ ‎6. 形容词、副词 比较等级构成：‎ 双写：wetter, fatter, sadder, bigger, thinner, slimmest, hotter ‎ ‎ 不规则：bad/badly/ill-worse-worst good/well-better-best ‎ little-less-least ‎ far-farther/ further –farthest/ furthest ‎ old- older/elder ‎ 多音节：expensive-more ~- most ~‎ ‎ -less ~- least ~‎ ‎ healthier, more healthily ‎ 形容词修饰人或物：‎ ‎ sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy ‎ friendly, daily, weekly ‎ -ful, -less； un-/ im-/dis-/in-/ir-‎ ‎ -ed/-ing: excited/ exciting ‎ pleased/ pleasant// pleasure (n.)‎ 副词修饰动词、形容词等：‎ ‎ badly, sadly, angrily, easily ,politely ‎ -ple/ -ble/ -tle: terribly, simply, gently ‎*true-truly 形容词、副词比较等级 a)同级比较：as---as---‎ ‎ not ---as/so---as---‎ ‎ A is like B. / A and B are alike.‎ ‎ the same as---/ different from---‎ ‎ A is the same size as B.‎ b)比较级: much, a little, even, far ----‎ ‎ than---/ the taller of the two ‎ The more----, the better----‎ ‎ more and more beautiful; better and better c)最高级of/ among/in; the+序数词+最高级；one of+the+最高级+n.复数 ‎ ‎ 区别：than any---; than any other---; than any other +n.单数=than the other +n.复数 ‎7. 动词短语:‎ ‎ put up/put away/ put on/ put off/ put out ‎ 8‎ ‎ look up/look over/look for/ look after ‎ turn up/turn down/turn on/turn off ‎ have been to/ have gone to/ have been in ‎ give out 分发，散发 / give away赠送，分发，泄露 / give up 放弃/ give in 屈服 ‎ take off 脱下，起飞 / take down 取下 / take out取出 / take away拿走，夺走，拆去 / take in 吸进 ‎8. 同义词辨析:‎ ‎ spend/ cost/ pay/ take ‎ borrow/lend/keep/‎ ‎ forget/leave; take/bring/get/carry ‎ wear/ dress/put on/ try on ‎ say/speak/ tell/ call/ talk ‎ arrive in(at)/ get to/ reach ‎ ‎ the reason for / the cause of ‎ a number of/ the number of few/little/a few/ a little (only, just, still+肯)‎ alone/lonely asleep/sleepy die/dying/be dead/death used to do sth./ be used to doing sth./ be used to do/for doing sth.‎ both---and---/ not only---but also---‎ neither---nor---/ either---or---‎ ‎9.同形不同义的词用法辨析:‎ ‎ if: 1）“如果”，主句将来，从句现在。‎ ‎ 2）“是否”，该用将来时就用。 ‎ ‎ =whether ‎ ‎ when:‎ I will call you when he comes today.‎ I don’t know when he will come today.‎ When he came in, I was writing a letter.‎ ‎ room:房间,可数名词;‎ ‎ 空间,不可数名词=space ‎ make room for sb. 给……腾出地方 ‎9. 疑问词: ‎ a) what, how, who, which, when, where b) how long, how soon, how often, how far 区别:what/ who; what/which; what/how ‎ who/whom/whose What do you call that?‎ How do you say that?‎ what to do with sth/ how to deal with sth Can you tell me what life will be like?‎ What do you think of sth?‎ How do you like /find/feel about sth? ‎ 8‎ ‎10. 数词:‎ ‎ 基数词: forty, ninety ‎ 百位与十位之间加and,十位与个位之间加连字符号.three thousand two hundred and forty-five (3245)‎ 序数词:first,second,third,fourth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth, twenty-second the twentieth century; the Fourth Unit come first 复数的应用: in one’s fifties, ‎ ‎ the eighties of the last century ‎ the 1980s 分数: one third; three quarters;‎ ‎ two fifths ‎____( the )people took part in the activity.‎ A. Three hundred B. Three hundreds ‎ C. Three hundred of D. Three hundreds of ‎ ‎11.感叹句:‎ ‎ What +形容词+名词+主语+动词!‎ ‎ How+ 形容词/副词+主语+动词!‎ ‎ What a nice day it is!‎ What fine weather it is!‎ ‎ (work, news, information, food, advice)‎ What fun it is!‎ What a great time we had!‎ What a heavy rain!‎ How beautifully she is dancing!( 对照so/ such 用法）‎ ‎12. 连系动词+形容词, 无被动语态.‎ ‎ sound, taste, smell不能与well 连用,不用进行时态.‎ feel, look+well 表身体健康 ‎ +good表全方位好 ‎ That sounds exciting, doesn’t it?‎ ‎ Lovely weather, isn’t it? ‎ ‎ The meat smells _____. Throw it away. ‎ ‎ A. bad B. good C. badly D. nicely ‎ The cloth washes ______.‎ ‎ A. easy B. easily C. difficult D. difficulty ‎ ‎13. 情态动词+动词原形 ‎ can, may, must, need, ought to ‎ have to, dare, could, might ‎ can’t, may not, needn’t, oughtn’t to, don’t have to, daren’t, couldn’t ‎ May I----? Yes, you may./No, you can’t.‎ ‎ Could I---?Yes, you can. /No, you can’t.‎ ‎ Must I---? Yes, you must.‎ ‎ No, you needn’t/don’t have to.‎ 8‎ 比较: needn’t do sth/ don’t need to do ‎ need sth/ don’t need sth ‎ 表猜测: can可能, 用于疑问句中 ‎ Can you be here before eight?‎ ‎ 用于表示事情发生的前提条件 ‎ If you aren’t careful, fire can be dangerous.‎ ‎ may可能, 用于肯定句中 ‎ I’m not sure. It may be Kitty’s.‎ ‎ must 一定 ‎ can’t 不可能, 一定不 ‎14. 非谓语动词:‎ ‎ a) 动词+doing: spend, keep, finish, practise, enjoy, mind, suggest, consider, give up, feel like ‎ be busy, have fun, have a good time, have difficulty/ trouble/problems, can’t help, be worth ‎ b) forget doing/ to do ‎ remember doing/ doing ‎ stop doing/ to do ‎ go on doing/ to do c) 动词+to do ‎ plan, decide, prepare,would like, agree, fail, hope, refuse,promise ‎ ask/tell/advise sb to do/ not to do d) 动词+do ‎ help do/to do/with sth ‎ see, hear, watch, make, let sb do sth e) 介词+doing ‎ Thanks for doing.// think of doing //‎ ‎ How about doing?// without getting angry//to作介词使用时的一些常见句型 ‎15. 选择疑问句:‎ ‎ 选择疑问句中的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接，回答不能用yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。‎ ‎1、一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句+or+被选择的部分？‎ ‎---Is your friend a boy or a girl?‎ ‎---A girl.‎ ‎2、特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句，+A or B?‎ ‎---Which do you like better, maths or English?‎ ‎---English.‎ ‎16. 宾语从句:‎ ‎ 连词: that, if, whether, 特殊疑问词 ‎ 语序: 陈述句(主谓顺序)‎ ‎ Do you know who he is?‎ ‎ Can you tell me what is in the box？‎ ‎ Could you tell me what is the matter with you？‎ 时态:1. 主句过去,从句过去 8‎ ‎ 2. 主句现在,从句任意 ‎ 3. 客观规律,自然现象用一般现在时.‎ The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.‎ ‎17. 被动语态:(by sb)‎ ‎ am/is/are +过去分词 was/were+过去分词 must/may/can/should +be+过去分词 无被动语态：happen, take place, appear, ‎ ‎ come out, sell well, feel soft ‎18. 延续性与短暂性 ‎ die-be dead fall asleep-be asleep ‎ borrow-keep buy-have ‎ join-be in leave- be away ‎ begin-be on open- be open ‎ finish- be over come/go- be in How long have you ______ this school?‎ A.been to B. gone to C.been in D.come to ‎19. 特殊句型和固定结构:‎ ‎ would rather do sth than (do) sth ‎ prefer doing to doing ‎ prefer sth to sth ‎ prefer to do rather than （do） sth ‎ Will you please do/ not do sth?‎ ‎ had better do/not do sth ‎ Would you like to do sth?‎ ‎ It’s better to do than to do.‎ ‎ I could do nothing but wait.‎ ‎ There be句型的各种时态结构.‎ It’s 形容词 of sb to do sth.=主语+ be+ adj.+to do sth It’s 形容词 for sb to do sth.=to do sth./doing sth. +is/was+adj.+for sb I find/think/feel it+形容词 +to do sth.‎ He is too young to go to school. ‎ He was tall enough to reach the basket. ‎ ‎20. 交际用语 ‎ 1) 赞扬- Thank you.‎ ‎ 2) 祝愿 ……‎ 1. Do you mind doing…? ‎ ‎ Not at all. / Of course not. / You’d better not. (注：不可用Never mind.)‎ ‎2. That’s right. / That’s all right. / All right. / You’re right. ‎ ‎3. No problem. // Never mind. // I’m sorry to hear that. // You’re welcome.‎ Part2 专项突破 一、单项选择 ‎1. 詹前顾后,联系上下文。根据选项确定考点范围。 ‎ ‎2.注意固定搭配和常用句型 。 ‎ 8‎ ‎3.检查语境、语法 (构词、大小写、单复数、时态、语态、逻辑关系等)，找准关键词。‎ ‎4. 代入复查，分析结构，谨防陷阱。‎ ‎5. 把握不准的题目，作适当的记号，以便优先复查 ‎1. I wonder ____ I can do to help you. ‎ ‎ A. whether B. how C. what D. when ‎ ‎2. He will spend as much time as he can ___others. ‎ ‎ A. help B. helps C. to help D. helping ‎ ‎3. He’s just back , ____he? ‎ ‎ A. isn’t B. is C. has D. hasn’t ‎ 二、完形填空 ‎ 三部曲：通读、对照、检查 ‎ ‎ 1.读短文，了解大意。‎ ‎ 2.逐个对照选项,对号入座。‎ ‎ 3.填入答案再通读全文,检查文章是否通顺、正确，确保所选答案的语义和语法都正确。‎ ‎ 4.遇到疑问,暂时放一放，先完成有把握的题目，最后再耐心寻找上下文中的信息词。‎ ‎ 5. 实在不能确定, 选择你认为的最佳答案。‎ ‎ 6.代入复查，清除疏漏，调整答案。‎ ‎ 主要考查: 词性、固定搭配、固定结构、词义辨析及篇章语意的理解。‎ 三、阅读理解 读、找、查 （即：读三遍）‎ ‎1．第一遍 基本看懂图文。‎ ‎2.第二遍 初选答案,并从文中找到依据。 ‎ ‎3.第三遍 填答案,再读文章,敲定答案。‎ ‎4. 确定标题要纵观全文，找关键词key words 。‎ ‎5.考虑作者意图。按文章内容和逻辑关系 选出结论或推论。‎ 特别要注意认真阅读题干，明确答题要求，以防文字游戏。（true, not true) ‎ 关注相同意思的不同表达形式。‎ 四、词汇 A.选用方框内的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。‎ ‎ 解答此种题，我们需注意两点：1、方框内词或短语的含义；‎ ‎ 2、五道题的句意 B.根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空 ‎1.认真读题，根据句意初步确定每句所需单词，然后根据句意、句型结构、词法规则确定应填单词形式。‎ ‎2.将较难或把握不大的题留至最后。3.实在难确定再回到句意上, 注意詹前顾后,联系上下文，切忌马虎。如：‎ Can you tell me the __________ names? (play)‎ 主要考查：形容词和副词的三级，名词复数，名词所有格，序数词，名词性物主代词，反身代词，构词法，天气形容词，分词等。‎ C、用短文中所给动词的正确形式填空：‎ ‎ 1.每题时态不同,一定不重复.做题前,一定要认真审题,读懂,读通所给的原句.‎ ‎ 2. 首先确定语态,如果确定时态是下面三种 “一般现在时” “一般过去时” “出现情态动词can/may/must/have to/ought to 等” 那么一定要考虑一下是否要用被动语态.‎ 8‎ ‎3.然后根据时间状语以及句中的关键词,确定时态.接着要根据主语和谓语的关系,确定动词的正确形式.也要考虑一些动词的固定搭配.此外,要学会根据所给的信息,缺前看后,进行上下文的合理推断. ‎ 五、任务型阅读。‎ A)、阅读填词。阅读短文，在短文后表格中的空白处填入一个恰当的单词。‎ ‎1.反复读短文，了解文章大意，注意文章首句和末句， ‎ ‎2. 根据固定搭配，惯用语、逻辑关系等确定所填单词。‎ ‎3.带入答案至原文,检查短文是否通顺、正确。‎ ‎4.注意单词的正确形式（单复数、动词的正确形式、形容词副词的比较等级等）和书写（大小写）。‎ B、阅读与表达。阅读短文，回答问题。 （带着问题读文章） ‎ 快速通读全文， 了解大意。‎ 细读问题，回到文中找答案。细节问题找关键词；实质问题，以原文为基础进行分析、推理，从而得出结论。‎ 注意同一内容的不同表达方式，关注句式变化.‎ 回答时，可以用完整的句子，也可以用省略句回答，但务必要写出能回答问题的关键内容。此外，写出的句子一定要准确无误，无单词拼写错误，无大小写错误，标点符号要写上。要注意:人称，时态和语态与问句要一致。‎ 六．书面表达 ‎1.仔细审题，根据写作要求、提示材料或图示，确立主题，人称和时态, 列出要点。‎ ‎2. 根据要点列提纲, 对全文通篇考虑。 用上所有提示语(完整、准确)，按要求适当发挥。发挥部分符合全文逻辑。‎ ‎3. 注意：a.表达方式多样化(适当使用关联词 and, then, but, however, what’s more, besides, worst of all, best of all, to make things worse及从句)；b.用语准确，多用熟悉的具体的词汇来行文；c.文章字数符合要求；务必认真誊写。（卷面情况直接影响老师打分心情，力求做到字迹工整、清晰；大小写、标点符号、词间距要规范）‎ 友情提醒：‎ 考前五分钟 准确快速写好、涂好考生信息。‎ 发下试卷：首先纵览全卷，看有无缺页、少页、空白页；然后浏览试题内容。‎ 在涂卡的过程中，要注意不能漏图。所涂内容包括：考试科目、填写准考证号（用签字笔）、涂准考证号（用正版2B铅笔）‎ ‎1.我难人难我不畏难，我易人易我不大意！(心理战术)‎ ‎ 2.答案先写在试卷上，确准后再填涂到答题卡上,答题卡填好后也要认真复查。（书面表达要先打草稿）(方法战术)‎ Wish you a great success and good luck! ‎ ‎ ‎ 8‎