小升初PEP小学英语语法大全 21页

‎ 名 词 一、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别 普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,　family 等)。‎ 如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。‎ ‎ ‎ 二、 可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：‎ ‎1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。‎ 如：book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days ‎2. 以s,　ss, ch,　sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。‎ 如：bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes ‎3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。‎ 如：city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。‎ ‎4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。‎ 如：half → halves leaf → leaves　knife → knives wife → wives ‎5. 特例 [悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。]‎ ‎① child → children ‎② man → men woman → women　policeman → policemen policewoman-policewomen ‎③ tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [悄悄话： 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo → photos ]‎ ‎④ foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话： oo变成ee。]‎ ‎⑤ mouse-mice ‎⑥ fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形　[悄悄话： 变复数时词形不变。]‎ ‎⑦ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。‎ 三、 不可数名词 ‎1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。‎ 如：The food is very fresh.　食品很新鲜。‎ ‎2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义发生变化。‎ 如：water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)‎ ‎3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。‎ 如：fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs 写出下列各词的复数 ‎ I _________him _________this ___________her ______‎ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______‎ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________‎ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____‎ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______‎ man______ woman_______ paper_______    juice___________‎ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________‎ ‎*** 用所给名词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?‎ ‎2. There is some________(food) in the basket.‎ ‎3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.‎ ‎4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.‎ ‎5. There are five________(people ) in his family.‎ ‎6. Let's take________(photo), OK? ‎ ‎7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.‎ ‎8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.‎ ‎9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.‎ ‎10. Their________(dictionary) look new.‎ ‎11. I see you have a few white________(hair).‎ ‎12. They are________(woman) doctors.‎ ‎13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?‎ ‎14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.‎ ‎15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty.‎ 一般现在时 一般现在时的功能 ‎1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与 always，often，usually，every day，sometimes等连用。‎ 如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。‎ ‎2.表示客观事实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。‎ ‎3.用在格言或谚语中。如：Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。‎ 一般现在时的构成 ‎1. be动词：‎ 陈述句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。‎ 如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。‎ 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。‎ 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。‎ 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。‎ 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.‎ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。‎ 如：Where is my bike?‎ ‎2.行为动词：‎ 陈述句：主语+行为动词(+其它)。‎ 如：We study English.我们学习英语。‎ 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。‎ 如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。‎ 否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。‎ 如：I don't like bread.‎ 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。‎ 如：He doesn't often play.‎ 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。‎ 如：Do you often play football? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.‎ 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。‎ 如：Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.‎ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。‎ 如：How does your father go to work?‎ 第三人称单数 动词+s的变化规则 ‎1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks ‎2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes ‎3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 一般现在时练习：‎ 一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数 ‎ drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________look _________ have_______ ‎ pass_____ __ carry _ ___come________   watch______ plant_______ fly ________‎ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______‎ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎1. He often ___ __ ___(have) dinner at home.‎ ‎2. Daniel and Tommy ___ __ ____(be) in Class One.‎ ‎3. We ___ __ ____(not watch) TV on Monday.‎ ‎4. Nick ___ __ ____(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.‎ ‎5. ____ __ __ they _____ __ ___(like) the World Cup?‎ ‎6. What ______ __ _they often ____ __ ___(do) on Saturdays?‎ ‎7. ____ __ ___ your parents ____ __ ___(read) newspapers every day?‎ ‎8. The girl ____ __ ___(teach) us English on Sundays.‎ ‎9. She and I ___ __ _____(take) a walk together every evening.‎ ‎10. There ______ __ __(be) some water in the bottle.‎ ‎11. Mike ___ __ ____(like) cooking.‎ ‎12. They ___ __ ____(have) the same hobby.‎ ‎13. My aunt ____ __ ___(look) after her baby carefully.‎ ‎14. You always __ __ _____(do) your homework well.‎ ‎15. I ____ __ ___(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.‎ ‎16. She __ __ _____(go) to school from Monday to Friday.‎ ‎17. Liu Tao __ _______(do) not like PE.‎ ‎18. The child often ____ __ ___(watch) TV in the evening.‎ ‎19. Su Hai and Su Yang __ _______(have) eight lessons this term.‎ ‎20. －What day ___ __ ____(be) it today?‎ ‎－ It’s Saturday.‎ 三、按照要求改写句子 ‎1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)‎ ‎___________________________________________________‎ ‎2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________‎ ‎3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________‎ ‎4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________‎ ‎5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)‎ ‎_______________________________________________________‎ ‎6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)‎ ‎___________________________________________________‎ ‎7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)‎ ‎___________________________________________________‎ ‎9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________‎ ‎10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句)‎ ‎___________________________________________________‎ 五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)‎ ‎1. Is your brother speak English?      __________________‎ ‎2. Does he likes going fishing?          __________________‎ ‎3. He likes play games after class.      __________________‎ ‎4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.             __________________‎ ‎5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________‎ 一般过去时 ‎1．一般过去时的功能 ‎（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。‎ 如：We visited our uncle last week.上周我们探望了我们的叔叔。‎ ‎（2）一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。‎ 如：I watched TV every day last month.上个月我每天都看电视。‎ 常和表示过去的时间状语连用 表示过去的时间状语 ‎1、yesterday Yesterday，the day before yesterday，yesterday evening ‎2、last last night，last+时间(last week , last month, last year)‎ ‎3、ago a moment ago（=just now），long long ago，“一段时间+ago”表示“……前”。如：three days ago”‎ ‎4、这一组,是考试常考的,需要特别记忆!‎ this morning，when I was five years old，in +过去时间词(in 1998)，once upon a time(很久以前)‎ ‎2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：‎ ‎⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。‎ ‎⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。‎ ‎⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not（was not=wasn’t ，were not=weren’t），一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。‎ ‎3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.‎ 一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。‎ 如：Did Jim go home yesterday?‎ 特殊疑问句：‎ ‎⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？‎ 如： What did Jim do yesterday?‎ ‎⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？‎ 如：Who went to home yesterday?‎ 动词过去式变化规则：‎ ‎1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked ‎2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted ‎3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped ‎4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied 过去时练习 写出下列动词的过去式 ‎ isam_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________‎ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________‎ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____‎ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______‎ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do   ________‎ Be动词的过去时练习（1）‎ 一、 用be动词的适当形式填空 ‎1. I _______ at school just now.‎ ‎2. He ________ at the camp last week.‎ ‎3. We ________ students two years ago.‎ ‎4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.‎ ‎5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.‎ ‎6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.‎ ‎7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.‎ ‎8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.‎ 二、 句型转换 ‎1. It was exciting.‎ 否定句：________________________________________________‎ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________‎ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________‎ ‎2. All the students were very excited.‎ ‎   否定句：________________________________________________‎ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________‎ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________‎ ‎3. They were in his pocket.‎ ‎   否定句：________________________________________________‎ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________‎ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________‎ Be动词的过去时练习（2）‎ 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 ‎1. I ______ an English teacher now.‎ ‎2. She _______ happy yesterday.‎ ‎3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.‎ ‎4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.‎ ‎5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.‎ ‎6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.‎ ‎7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..‎ ‎8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.‎ 二、句型转换 ‎1. There was a car in front of the house just now.‎ ‎   否定句：________________________________________________‎ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________‎ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________‎ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________‎ 三、 中译英 ‎1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________‎ 行为动词的过去时练习（1）‎ 一、用行为动词的适当形式填空 ‎1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.‎ ‎2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.‎ ‎3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.‎ ‎4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.‎ ‎5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.‎ ‎6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.‎ ‎7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.‎ ‎8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.‎ 二、句型转换 ‎1. Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.‎ ‎   否定句：________________________________________________‎ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________‎ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________‎ ‎2. Nancy went to school early.‎ ‎   否定句：________________________________________________‎ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________‎ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________‎ ‎3. We sang some English songs.‎ ‎   否定句：________________________________________________‎ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________‎ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________‎ 行为动词的过去时练习（2）‎ Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________‎ 一、用be动词的适当形式填空 ‎1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.‎ ‎2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.‎ ‎3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)‎ ‎4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?‎ ‎5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.‎ ‎6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.‎ ‎7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.‎ ‎8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.‎ 二、句型转换 ‎1. They played football in the playground.‎ ‎   否定句：________________________________________________‎ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________‎ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________‎ 三、中译英 ‎1. 格林先生去年住在中国。‎ ‎2. 昨天我们参观了农场。‎ ‎3. 他刚才在找他的手机。‎ ‎________________________________________________________‎ 过去时综合练习（1）‎ 一、 用动词的适当形式填空 ‎1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.‎ ‎2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.‎ ‎3. He ________ (jump) high on last Sports Day. ‎ ‎4. Helen ________ (milk) a cow on Friday.‎ ‎5. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)‎ ‎6. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)‎ ‎7. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.‎ ‎8. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.‎ ‎9. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.‎ ‎10. We ___________ (go) to school on Sunday.‎ 二、 中译英 ‎1. 我们上周五看了一部电影。‎ ‎   _________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的。‎ ‎   _________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园。‎ ‎   _________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. 你上周在哪儿?在野营基地。‎ ‎   _________________________________________________________‎ 过去时综合练习（2）‎ Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________‎ 一、 用动词的适当形式填空 ‎1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. ‎ Mr White ________ (go) to his office by car.‎ ‎2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.‎ ‎3. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)‎ ‎4. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)‎ ‎5. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.‎ ‎6. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)‎ ‎7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)‎ ‎8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.‎ ‎9. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.‎ ‎10.What ______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)‎ 二、中译英 ‎1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟。‎ ‎   _________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛。‎ ‎   _________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？不，没有。‎ ‎   _________________________________________________________‎ 现在进行时 ‎1．现在进行时的功能 ‎（1）表示现在（说话时）正在发生的动作，一般和now,right now,at this moment等连用。‎ ‎（2）也可以表示当前一段时间正在发生的事情（说话时不一定进行），常与this week，this month，these days（这些天）连用。‎ 如：We are writing a book this month.这个月我们正在写一本书。‎ ‎2．现在进行时的构成 肯定句：主语+be动词（am /is /are）+动词ing+其他。‎ 如：They are playing basketball now.他们现在在打篮球。‎ ‎ He is cleaning the classroom now.他正在打扫教室。‎ ‎ I am reading a book.我正在读一本书。‎ 否定句：主语+be动词（am /is /are）+not+动词ing+其他。‎ 如：They are not playing basketball now.他们现在不在打篮球。‎ 一般疑问句：Be动词+主语+动词ing+其他。‎ 肯定回答：Yes，主语+be动词（am /is /are）。‎ 否定回答：No，主语+be动词（am /is /are）+not。‎ 如：Are they playing basketball now.他们现在在打篮球吗？‎ 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 如：What are they playing now?他们现在在玩什么？‎ 但是，当疑问词为主语时，其结构为：疑问词+ be + 动词ing?‎ 如：Who are playing baskerball now?谁正在打篮球？‎ 动词加ing的变化规则 ‎1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking ‎2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting ‎3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping 现在进行时专项练习：‎ 一、写出下列动词的现在分词：‎ play________ run__________ swim _________make__________‎ go_________ like________  write________ _ski___________ ‎ read________ have_________ sing  ________ dance_________‎ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ ‎ live_______ take_________ come ________  get_________‎ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________‎ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：‎ ‎1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.‎ ‎2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .‎ ‎3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food  now.‎ ‎4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?‎ ‎5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .‎ ‎6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.‎ ‎7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .‎ ‎8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.‎ ‎  9. It’s  5  o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now ‎10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .‎ 三、句型转换：‎ ‎1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ ‎4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)‎ ‎____________________________________________________________‎ 一般将来时 一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 ‎ 二、基本结构：‎ ‎①be going to + do；‎ 如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.‎ ‎②will+ do. ‎ 如：I will have a picnic this afternoon.‎ 三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。‎ 如：I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.‎ 四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。‎ 如：Are you going to have a picnic this afternoon?‎ 如：Will you have a picnic this afternoon?‎ 五、特殊疑问句。一般来说有三种情况：‎ ‎1. 问人（对主语提问）。用Who 如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.‎ ‎2. 问干什么（对行为动词提问）。用What … do.‎ 如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.‎ ‎3.问什么时候（对时间提问）。When.‎ 如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?‎ 练习：‎ 填空。‎ ‎1.  我打算明天和朋友去野炊。‎ I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.‎ I ________ have a picnic with my friends.‎ ‎2.  下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。‎ What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.‎ What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.‎ ‎3.        你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。‎ ‎_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? ‎ Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.‎ ‎4.        你们打算什么时候见面。‎ What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?‎ 改句子。‎ ‎5.        Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）‎ Nancy‎ ________ going to go camping.‎ ‎6.        I’ll go and join them.（改否定）‎ I _______ go ______ join them.‎ ‎7.        I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）‎ ‎________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?‎ ‎8.        We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）‎ ‎_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.‎ ‎9.        She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）‎ ‎________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?‎ ‎10.        My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)‎ ‎_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎11.        Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.‎ ‎12.        My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.‎ ‎13.        Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.‎ ‎14.        What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects? ‎ ‎15.        It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.‎ ‎16.        What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.‎ ‎17.        Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.‎ ‎18.        Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.‎ ‎19.        David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.‎ ‎20.        I ________________ (plan) for my study now.‎ 形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习 一、形容词的比较级 ‎1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。‎ ‎2．形容词加er的规则：‎ ‎⑴一般在词尾加er ；tall—taller—tallest fast—faster—fastest ‎⑵以字母e 结尾，加r ；large—larger—largest nice—nicer—nicest ‎⑶以一个元音和一个辅音结尾（重读闭音节），应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；‎ hot—hotter—hottest big—bigger—biggest ‎⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。‎ busy—busier—busiest early—earlier—earliest ‎⑸多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more或most delicious—more delicious—most delicious beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful ‎3．不规则形容词比较级：‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better best bad / ill worse worst many / much more most little less least old older（新旧或年龄）‎ elder（兄弟姐妹的长幼关系）‎ oldes eldest far farther（表示距离，译为“更远”）‎ further（表示程度，译为“进一步的”）‎ farthest furthest 二、副词的比较级 ‎1．形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有动用副)‎ ‎⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 ‎⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后 ‎2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 ‎ 练习 一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old__________   young________   tall_______   long________     short________  ‎ strong________   big________   small_______  fat_________    thin__________   ‎ heavy___ ___   light________  nice_________   good________   beautiful_____________‎ low__________   high_________   slow_______   fast________  late__________   ‎ early_________   far_________   well_______‎ 二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：‎ ‎1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.‎ ‎2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim.‎ ‎3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.‎ ‎4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.‎ ‎5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.‎ ‎6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s.‎ ‎7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.‎ ‎8.________ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____. ‎ ‎9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls. ‎ ‎10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. ‎ ‎11.Which is ___________(heavy),the elephant or the pig? ‎ ‎12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom? ‎ ‎13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______.‎ ‎14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow).‎ ‎15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students.‎ 三、翻译句子：‎ ‎1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。‎ ‎________ is _________than Jim？  ________ are ‎2、谁比David更强壮？是Gao Shan.‎ ‎________  _________ than David?  Gao Shan  ________.‎ ‎3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。‎ ‎_________ pencil is _________,______or________？________is,I think.‎ ‎4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？  我的弟弟的。‎ ‎_________ apples  ________  ________,your _______ or your _______?‎ My ____________  ___________.‎ ‎5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。‎ ‎_________ ________as _________as your uncle? Yes,I am.‎ ‎6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。‎ He _______ as  __________ as ________  ________ Jim.‎ ‎7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗？不，她比他瘦。‎ ‎________ ________ as _________ as______ twin _______? ‎ No, _________ _________ than him.‎ ‎11.多做运动，你会更强壮。 ‎ ‎________ more exercise,you’ll ________    _________ soon. ‎ ‎12.我的科学很好，但是语文不好。 ‎ I ______ ________ at Science.But I don’t _________ well in Chinese. ‎ ‎13. 你放风筝比王兵放得高吗？不，我比他放得低。‎ ‎____you_______the kite_____than Wang bing?No,I______it _____than___.‎ ‎14.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。‎ I like_______.All my______   _______  _______than me.‎ ‎15.我的姐姐起得比我早。‎ My_____  _____ up _____than me.‎ ‎16.女孩比男孩唱得好吗？是的。‎ ‎____the girls______   ______   ______the boys? Yes,they ____.‎ ‎17.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。‎ She doesn’t ____   _____  in PE. But I don’t   ______   _____than_____.‎ ‎18.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗？不，他们踢得和我一样好。‎ ‎___ you ____football _____than your classmates?No,they____as____as me.‎ ‎19．我母亲比我父亲年纪小。‎ My_____    _____   ______than my ______.‎ ‎20.她的毛衣和我的一样重。‎ ‎_____sweater_____  as_______as_____.‎ ‎21.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。‎ My dress_____  too_____. I want to _____a______one.‎ ‎22. I'm taller than Mike .(该成用原级的比较)‎ I'm _________ as ________ as Mike .‎ There be 句型与have, has的区别 ‎1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）‎ ‎2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。‎ ‎3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。‎ ‎4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。‎ ‎5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。‎ ‎6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。‎ ‎7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：‎ ‎   How many +         名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？‎ ‎   How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？‎ ‎8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：‎ ‎   What’s + 介词短语？‎ Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are” ‎ ‎1. I________a good father and a good mother. ‎ ‎2. ____________a telescope on the desk. ‎ ‎3. He_________a tape-recorder. ‎ ‎4. _____________a basketball in the playground. ‎ ‎5. She__________some dresses. ‎ ‎6. They___________a nice garden. ‎ ‎7. What do you___________? ‎ ‎8. ______________a reading-room in the building? ‎ ‎9. What does Mike___________? ‎ ‎10. ______________any books in the bookcase? ‎ ‎11. My father_________a story-book. ‎ ‎12. _______________a story-book on the table. ‎ ‎13. _______________any flowers in the vase? ‎ ‎14. How many students____________in the classroom? ‎ ‎15. My parents___________some nice pictures. ‎ ‎16. _____________some maps on the wall. ‎ ‎17. ______________a map of the world on the wall. ‎ ‎18. David__________a telescope. ‎ ‎19. David’s friends___________some tents. ‎ ‎20. ______________many children on the hill.‎ 用恰当的be动词填空。‎ ‎1、There        a lot of sweets in the box.‎ ‎2、There        some milk in the glass.‎ ‎3、There        some people under the the big tree.‎ ‎4、There        a picture and a map on the wall.‎ ‎5、There        a box of rubbers near the books.‎ ‎6、There        lots of flowers in our garden last year.‎ ‎7、There        a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.‎ ‎8、There        four cups of coffee on the table.‎ Fill  in  the  blank  with  “ have,  has ”‎ ‎1.  I_________ a nice puppet.‎ ‎2.  He_________a good friend.‎ ‎3.  They__________ some masks. ‎ ‎4.  We___________some flowers.‎ ‎5.  She___________ a duck. ‎ ‎6.  My father____________ a new bike.‎ ‎7.  Her mother___________a vase.‎ ‎8.  Our teacher_________ an English book.‎ ‎9.  Our teachers___________a basketball.‎ ‎10.   Their parents___________some blankets ‎11.   Nancy_________many skirts. ‎ ‎12.   David__________some jackets.‎ ‎13.   My friends__________a football. ‎ ‎14.   What do you__________?‎ ‎15.   What does Mike__________?‎ ‎16.   What do your friends___________?‎ ‎17.   What does Helen___________?‎ ‎18.   His brother________a basketball.‎ ‎19.   Her sister_________a nice doll.‎ ‎20.   Miss Li__________an English book.‎ 人称代词和物主代词 ‎1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。‎ ‎2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。‎ 人称 单复数 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 Be动词 主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 第一人称 单数 I me ‎ my ‎ mine myself am 复数 we us our ours ourselves are 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself are 复数 yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself is she her her hers herself is it it its its itself is 复数 they them their theirs themselves are ‎.用所给词的适当形式填空  ‎ ‎1.  That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big.  ( I )‎ ‎2.       The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )        ‎ ‎3.       Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )‎ ‎4.       _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )‎ ‎5.       _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you )‎ ‎6.       Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ?  ( she )‎ ‎7.       I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you )‎ ‎8.       Show _________ your kite, OK? (they)‎ ‎9.       I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )‎ ‎10.   Are these _________ tickets? No, _________ are not _________. _________ aren’t here. ( they )‎ ‎11.   Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we )‎ ‎12.   _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse. ( she )‎ ‎13.   That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he )‎ ‎14.   Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they )‎ ‎15.   Don’t touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger! ‎ ‎16.   _________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she )‎ ‎17.   _________ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _________. ( we )‎ ‎18.   So many dogs. Let’s count _________. ( they )‎ ‎19.   I have a lovely brother. _________ is only ‎ ‎3. I like _________ very much. ( he )‎ ‎20.   May I sit beside _________? ( you )‎ ‎21.   Look at that desk. Those book are on _________. ( it ）            ‎ ‎22.The girl behind _________ is our friend. (she )‎ ‎Be动词 ‎1. I ______ a boy.  ______ you a boy?   No, I _____ not. ‎ ‎2. The girl______ Jack's sister. ‎ ‎3. The dog _______ tall and fat. ‎ ‎4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. ‎ ‎5. ______ your brother in the classroom? ‎ ‎6. Where _____ your mother?   She ______ at home. ‎ ‎7. How  _______ your father? ‎ ‎8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. ‎ ‎9. Whose dress ______ this? ‎ ‎10. Whose socks ______  they? ‎ ‎11. That ______ my red skirt. ‎ ‎12. Who ______ I? ‎ ‎13.The jeans ______ on the desk. ‎ ‎14.Here ______ a scarf for you. ‎ ‎15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. ‎ ‎16. The black gloves ______  for Su Yang. ‎ ‎17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. ‎ ‎18. The two cups of milk _____ for me. ‎ ‎19. Some tea ______ in the glass. ‎ ‎20. Gao shan's shirt _______ over there. ‎ ‎21. My sister's name ______Nancy. ‎ ‎22. This ______ not Wang Fang's pencil. ‎ ‎23.  ______  David and Helen from England? ‎ ‎24. There ______ a girl in the room. ‎ ‎25. There ______ some apples on the tree. ‎ ‎26. _______ there any kites in the classroom? ‎ ‎27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle? ‎ ‎28. There _______ some bread on the plate. ‎ ‎29. There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. ‎ ‎30. You, he and I ______ from China.‎