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辅导教案
学员姓名： 学科教师：
年 级：六年级 辅导科目：英语
授课日期
××年××月××日
时 间
A / B / C / D / E / F段
主 题
现在完成时复习
教学内容
1．掌握现在完成时的基本概念及重要考点；
2．灵活迁移阅读信息到写作表达中去。
（TR可根据本次课的需要，选择不同的互动探究方法，如：预习、复习上节课内容、或通过案例分析、趣味故事进行新课导入）
【教学建议】
此环节设计时间在15分钟。
1. 可以先讲解上节课预习的单词，再进行检测。
2. 也可以先检测，作为检查上节课课后预习的效果，再讲解。
3. 老师讲解时可以选择问答抢答或相互PK的互动方式进行。
1. 同步检测（6A U1）
I.词汇检测
1. n.亚洲 ______________ 2. adv.东北 ______________
3. adv.西北 ______________ 4. adv. 东南______________
5. adv.西南 ______________ 6. n. 展览会；展览品______________
7. n.首都，省会 ______________ 8. n.千米；公里 ______________
9. n.信息______________ 10. n.宫殿 ______________
11. n.游客；观光者______________ 12. num.百万______________
13. n.建筑物 ______________ 14. adj.巨大的______________
15. adj.著名的______________
2．日常表达默写
1. 乘飞机____________________ 2. 两天半____________________
3. 在过去；从前____________________ 4. 长城____________________
5. 多于；超过____________________ 6. 喜欢做某事____________________
II. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.
1. We are going to visit some big ____________ in Asia. (city)
2. I like to go _____________ with my mother. (shop)
3. A lot of _____________ come to Shanghai every year. (tour)
4. Beijing is the capital of ______________.（Chinese）
5. You can see a lot of tall ____________ in Shanghai. (build)
【Keys】1. cities 2. shopping 3. tourists 4. China 5. buildings
【教学建议】
此环节教案预期时间60分钟。
通过询问学生是否有看过最近的某部新电影导入，引出Have you ever seen this movie?句型。
或询问学生是否有到过某地，Have you ever been to America? 引出现在完成时的结构与用法。
Have you ever seen the movie?
一、现在完成时的构成
1. 肯定式：
主语＋have/has ＋过去分词＋其它
① I've just copied some new words. 我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)
② She has lost her books. 她丢失了她的书。（表示到目前为止还没有找到）
③ We've just cleaned the classroom. 我们刚好打扫了教室。（表明现在教室是干净的）
2. 否定式：
主语＋have/has＋not＋过去分词＋其它
① I haven't finished my homework yet.
② She hasn't travelled on a train.
③ We have never spoken to a foreigner.
④ I have never seen him before.
3. 一般疑问式：
Have/Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 ？
① —Have you ever made dumplings? —Yes, I have.
② —Has she ever been abroad? —No, never.
③ —Have they found the lost books yet? —Yes, they have.
随堂练
I. 翻译下列句子
1. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
2. 他已经吃过午饭了。
3. 你已经看过这部电影了吗?
II. 用适当的时态填空
1. She’s _________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2. Both of them ___________ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days.
3. ________you _________ (find) your watch yet?
4. –Are you thirsty? --No, I ________just ________ (have) some orange juice.
Keys:
I．翻译句子
1. They have already been in America for five years. 2. I have just lost my chemistry book.
3. I have never been to that farm. 4. He has already had lunch.
5. Have you seen this movie yet?
II．用适当的时态填空：
1. lived 2. have been 3. Have , found 4. have , had 5. haven’t finished
二、现在完成时的用法
1. 现在完成时的用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经），yet（还、已经），just (刚刚、仅仅)，ever（曾经），never（从不），before（以前）等连用。
【知识拓展】
◆ already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。
I've already read this book.
I've already washed my clothes.
◆ yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。
—Has he found his watch yet? —No, not yet.
The woman hasn't found her dog yet.
◆just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。
He has just come back from school.
ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。
Have you ever been to Hong Kong?
I haven't ever spoken to her.
◆ never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
I have never travelled by plane before.
◆ before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。
Have you been to Hainan before?
I haven't eaten Guangdong food before.
随堂练
I. 单项选择。
1. He to Dongying many times, so he knows every corner of it.
A. went B. will go C. has gone D. has been
2. --Where are you going for your holiday?
--Well, we _______ yet.
A. haven’t decided B. hadn’t decided C. don’t decide D. didn’t decide
3. In the past few years there ______ great changes in my hometown.
A. have been B. were C. had been D. are
4. －Have you ever ______ Xingkai Lake?
－Yes. I ______ there last month. It’s quite beautiful.
A. gone to, went B. been to, went C. been to, go D. gone to, gone
5. What’s the best present you have ever ________?
A. received B. receives C. receiving D. been received
6. —China develops so fast.
—That’s true. It ______ a lot already.
A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed
7. Our country ______the sixth population census(人口普查) already.
A. finished B. has finished C. will finish D. finishes
1. --_____ you _____ the movie Gongfu PandaII ?
--Not yet. I'll see it this Sunday.
A. Did, see B. Do, see C. Have, seen D. Had, seen
2. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However，he __ yet.
A. didn't arrive B. doesn't arrive
C. isn't arriving D. hasn't arrived
3. —Will you please go to see the movie Guanyinshan with me?
—No, I won’t. I ______ already.
A. saw B. have seen C. see D. will see
II．句型。
①I've lived here since 1990．
= I've lived here since 23 years ago.
= I've lived here for 23 years.
= It is 23 years since I began to live here.
②I haven't seen him for three years
= I haven't seen him since three years ago
=
=
③Mr. Wang has worked in the factory for 5 years.
=
=
=
④She's been at this school since five years ago.
=
=
=
随堂练
1. Joe, my close friend, moved to Beijing years in 1990. And I him since then.
A. don’t see B. didn’t see C. haven’t seen D. won’t see
2. Miss Gao came to our school in 2006. She _____ here for four years.
A. teaches B. taught C. has taught D. had taught
3. —Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office?
—Sorry, I don't know. I_____ here for only a few days.
A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work
4. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.
A．sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen
5. I many new friends since I came here.
A. make B. made C. will make D. have made
6. My brother and I _____ in Yinchuan since 1997.
A. had lived B. have lived C. live D. will live
7. Mrs. Weng came back from France in 2010. She _________ there for four years.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. has been worked
8. The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008, they ____ there for three years since then.
A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live
9. My aunt is a writer. She ____ more than ten books since 1980.
A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write
10. --Have you read this book?
--Yes. I ____ it two weeks ago.
A. am reading B. have read C. will read D. read
11. My sister has learnt English .
A. for twelve years ago B. since she was four
C. twelve years ago D. at the age of four
12. “Can you speak English?”
“Of course, I have studied it _________I was six years old.”
A. though B. since C. before D. for
注意：词义辨析
短语
中文释义
常用搭配
例句
have been to
“去过”，已经回来
次数; once, twice, three times
She has been to her hometown three times.
have been in
“在…”
for +一段时间
She has been in her hometown for over 3 years.
have gone to
“去了”，还没回来
问答形式
--Where is Jane?
--She has gone to her hometown to visit her grandparents.
随堂练
1. --Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary?
--Yes. I _______ there for three clays with my parents last month.
A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was
2. --Hello! May I speak to Kate?
--Sorry, she isn’t here now. She _______to Shanghai.
A. went B. has been C. has gone
3. —Hello! Is that Mr. Jiang?
—No, he_______ Guiyang .He will be back in more than two weeks.
A. goes B. went C. has gone to D. has been to
4. —The Summer Palace is wonderful. Have you ever visited any other interesting places?
—Yes. Also, we _______ to the Great Wall.
A. have gone B. have been C. had gone D. had been
5. --Hello! May I speak to Kate?
--Sorry, she isn’t here now. She _______to Shanghai.
A. went B. has been C. has gone D. had gone
6. —Where’s her second son? I haven’t seen him for a long time.
—He _______ Maine looking for a place to work.
A．will go to B. has gone to C. had gone to D. goes to
7. --Are you going to the bank, Laura?
--No, I_______ to the bank already.
A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been
8. --Where is my sister, mum?
--She _______ to the library. She will be back soon.
A. has been B. is going C. has gone D. will go
9. They _______ England and they will be back next week.
A. have gone to B. have been to C. have gone in D. has been on
10. —How well do you know the Opera House?
—I know the place very well. I _______ Sydney many times.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in
Reading
I. Read the passage and choose the best answers:
You are inside:
l Stay inside. The most dangerous thing to do during the shaking of an earthquake is to try to leave the building 1 objects can fall on you.
l Stay under a sturdy (结实的) table or desk. Cover your head, neck and face. If a table is not nearby, drop (蹲下) to the floor and move toward the 2 inside wall.
l If you are inside a large and crowded building like a stadium, stay put (别动)! 3 people might trample (踩踏) you on the way to an exit. Cover your head. You have a better chance of living.
You are outside:
l Drop and cover. Move toward 4 open area if possible away from power lines and structures.
l Once in the open, stay there until the shaking 5 .
l Move away from cliffs (悬崖), or embankments (堤坝).
l If you are near tall buildings, hide under doorways. It is estimated that the streets
of Seattle will be 6 by 12 feet of broken glass in some areas after a big
quake.
l Get away from 7_ lines !
1. A. so B. but C. because D. and
2. A. near B. nearer C. more near D. nearest
3. A. Thousand B. Thousands of C. Thousand of D. A thousand
4. A. a B. / C. an D. the
5. A. stop B. stops C. stopping D. will stop
6. A. cover B. covered C. covering D. covers
7. A. power B. powerful C. powered D. powering
此环节教案预期时间20（练题）+15（互动讲解）分钟。
【教学建议】
1． 规定学生必须在20分钟内完成；
2． 相互交换批改，或通过优先选择等互动方式讲解练习，表扬正确率最高的学生；
3． 让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题，并订正在错题集上；
I. 翻译下列句子
1. 我哥哥还没回来。 My brother hasn’t come back yet.
2. 这本字典我已买了三年了。I have kept this dictionary for three years.
3. 他离开中国三年了。 He has been away from China for three years.
4. 他们已去了美国五年了。They have been in America for five years.
1. 我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。My sister has been a university student for three years.
I. 选择
1. —Jane, when did you come here?
—In 2010. I _________ here for two years.
A. have been to B. have gone to C. have come D. have been
2. “Can you speak English?”
“Of course, I have studied it ________ I was six years old.”
A. though B. since C. before D. for
3. ¾Excuse me, where is Lisa, Eric?
-¾ She to the library.
A. goes B. has been C. has gone D. would go
4. —Where is Darning?
—He ________ the teacher's office. He’ll be back soon.
A. has been to B. has gone to
C. will go to D. is going to
5. We ________ our English teacher since he moved to Beijing.
A. didn’t hear from B. haven’t heard from
C. didn’t receive D. haven’t received
1. Great changes _________ in our hometown in the past five years．
A．take place B. took place C. have taken place D. had taken place
2. —Why are the windows so dirty?
—Because we_________ them for a long time.
A. have cleaned B. haven't cleaned C. didn't clean D. weren’t cleaned
3. I’m looking after Tom today. He’s been in my house_________8:00 this morning.
A. at B. for C. since D. till
4. —Why are you worried?
—I’m expecting a call from my daughter. She_________ New York for three days.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come in
5. —I’d like you to tell me something about Shen Nongjia.
—I’m sorry, but neither Jack nor I __________ there.
A. have been B. had been to
C. have gone D. has gone to
6. Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she _________ the film.
A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen
7. Julie's father ________ to London last month. He ________ there three times.
A. went; had gone B. has gone; has been
C. went; has been D. has been; had gone
8. She ________ the book ________ two days ago.
A. has borrowed; since B. has kept; since C. kept; for D. borrowed; since
9. __________ your son __________ a camera?
—No. He __________ one this summer vacation.
A. Has.. .bought; will buy B. Did...buy; bought
C. Does ...buy; bought D. Does ...buy; will buy
10. Anna, have you __________ seen China’s Got Talent (达人秀)?
—Of course. I __________ it last weekend.
A. never; saw B. ever; have seen
C. never; have seen D. ever; saw
III. 用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空：
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him. never
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework. just
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years. for
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.” ever, never
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.” yet
（以学生自我总结为主，TR引导为辅，为本次课做一个总结回顾）
1. 引导学生回忆现在完成时的用法；
2. 用到学生用现在完成时造句；
【教学建议】
1. 规定学生在限定的时间内完成；
2. 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记；
3．下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生；
4．对本节课积分高的学生可以考虑相应减少作业量；
5．老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。
【巩固练习】
I. Choose the best answer.
1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _______what's happened to hi .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
3、Have you met Mr. Li ______?
A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .
-Yes. I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good
C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study
C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. Knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_______ it twice.
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
9、-These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really? When _______ there?
A. will they go B. did they go
C. do they go D. have they gone
10、-_______ you ________ your homework yet ?
-Yes. I ________ it a moment ago.
A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done ; finished
C. Have; done ; have finished D. will; do ; finish
11、 His father ________ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
12、-Do you know him well ?
- Sure .We ________ friends since ten years ago.
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
13、-How long have you ________ here ?
-About two months.
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play ________ for ten minutes.
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
15、 It ________ ten years since he left the army .
A. is B. has C. will D. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office. She_________ to the library.
A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been
17、My parents _________ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to
C. have gone to D. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they
19、 has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
II.Choose the words and expressions and complete the passage .
Would you like to know something about the way of shopping in the 1 ? People usually write shopping 2 first and then they go shopping. Most people like to go to supermarkets because they can get almost 3 in one supermarket and the things there are a bit 4 . When they get into a super market, they take a basket. Then they find things on their lists and put them in the basket. When they have got all, they go to the check-out. Most people do shopping once a week. Then they drive home with all the things they have 5 . Do you think it is a good way to shop like this?
1. A. shop B. cinema C. park D. supermarket
2. A. notice B. lists C. book D. paper
3. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
4. A. expensive B. easy C. cheaper D. useful
5. A. bought B. took C. get D. made
KEYS: D B C C A
III.Fill in the blanks with proper words to complete the passage.
There are many buses, cars and (1) b in the streets of Shanghai. When people go out, they can (2) c to go by bus, by underground, by taxi, by bicycle or by something else. It is easy to travel to any place you like in Shanghai. Shanghai has (3) m good things for us to enjoy. For (4) e : Shanghai has built the world's first maglev in Pudong. The work on it started in the year 2000 and it opened to the public in 2003. As we all know, maglev is the fastest land train and (5) m safer than any other car or train. There is no such a passenger line in the world. Shanghai's maglev will carry as many as 40,000 people every day. The maglev goes (6) b Pudong New Area and Pudong Airport. It is thirty-five kilometres long. You will take only seven to eight minutes to travel from Longyang Road Station to Pudong Airport. If you take a bus it will take you one hour. How fast the maglev is! There will be more wide streets and speed ways in Shanghai. There will be fewer traffic jams in the near (7) f . Travelling in Shanghai will be more convenient.
【Keys】1 bicycles 2 choose 3 many 4 example 5 much 6 between 7 future
【预习思考】
6BU2同步学习
Ⅰ. Words.
1. airport n.机场
e. g.-Our father is coming to Shanghai by air.我们的父亲要乘飞机来上海。
-I'll meet him at the airport.我会去机场接他。
2. Los Angeles n.（美国城市名）洛杉矶
e. g. Los Angeles has a population of 3,485,398.洛杉矶的人口是34853980。
3. before adv.以前
e. g.-Have you been to Shanghai before? 你以前去过上海吗？
-No, this is my first time.没有，这是第一次。
【知识拓展】before prep. 在……前面
e. g. In the alphabet, A is before all the other letters.在字母表中，A排在所有字母前面。
4. T-shirt n. T-恤衫
e. g.-These T-shirts are lovely.这些T恤衫真好看！
-Yes, I'll buy one.是啊，我要买一件。
5. several adj.几个；一些
e. g. There are several apples on the table.桌子上有几个苹果。
-You seem to know each other well.你们好像很熟。
-Yes. We've met several times.是的，我们见过几次了。
6. however adv.然而；不过；仍然
e. g. She felt ill, however, she went to work.她病了，然而她照旧去上班。
Later, however, he decided to go.后来，他仍然决定去了。
7. pack v.装（箱）；打（包）
e. g. Don't forget to pack your toothbrush.别忘了打包你的牙刷！
All these books need to be packed into boxes.这些书都要打包（装箱）。
【知识拓展】pack n.包；捆
e. g. a pack of cigarettes一包香烟
a pack of clothes 一包衣服
8. flight n.航班；班机
e. g. All flights have been cancelled because of fog.因为有雾所有航班都已取消。
We travelled aboard the same flight.我们搭乘同一班机。
9. passenger n.乘客；旅客
e. g. Two passengers in the bus were killed in the crash.汽车事故中两位乘客丧生了。
There were twenty passengers in the bus.公共汽车上有20名乘客。
This is a passenger train, not a goods train.这是客车，不是货车。
10. departure n.离开；出发
e. g. departure time出发时间
Mary, can you arrive at the railway station one hour before the departure time?
玛丽，你能在列车出发前一小时到达火车站吗？
【知识拓展】depart v.离开，起程
e. g. We departed for London at 10 a.m.我们上午10点动身去伦敦。
11. worry v.担心
e. g. -Jane hasn't come home yet.简还没回家。
-Don't worry. She'll be back soon.别担心，她很快就回来了。
【知识拓展】worried adj.焦虑的
e. g. -The old man looks worried.那个老人看起来很着急。
-Let's ask if he needs help.咱们去问问他是否需要帮助。
12. London n.伦敦
e. g. -London is the capital of the United Kingdom.伦敦是英国的首都。
-How many people live in London? 伦敦有多少人居住？
-About seven million.大约700万。
【百科小贴士】伦敦建都于11世纪，至今已经有九百多年的历史。伦敦位于泰晤士河下游两岸。大英博物馆、伦敦塔、白金汉宫、大本钟均为著名的旅游景点。
13. note n.注释；提醒；注意事项
e. g. On the board beside the river there is a note: Don't swim in the river. It is dangerous!
河边的木板上有句提示语：不要在河里游泳。危险！
They are reading an edition of Shakespeare with student's notes.
他们正在阅读一套附有学生注解的莎士比亚作品集。
【知识拓展】note n. 笔记
e. g. -Should we take notes in class? 我们上课时要记笔记吗？
-Sure. They are useful for our study.当然，笔记对学习很有帮助。
14. trolley n.手推车
e. g. Get a trolley and it'll be helpful in the supermarket.弄辆手推车来，在超市里，它很有用。
15. passport n. 护照；通行证
e. g. You must show your passport to the inspector while you're leaving the Customs. 你出关时要向警官出示护照。
【记忆链接】school passport学校登记卡 service passport公务护照 ship's passport船舶护照
16. bring v.带……到某处；带来；拿来
e. g. Please bring your new textbooks to school tomorrow.明天请带新课本到学校。
【指点迷津】take，bring，fetch的区别
(1) take意为“把（物）拿去；带走；把（人）带去”。表示将人或物“拿开；带离”自己（说话者）所在位置的动作。
e. g. Take these plates away to the kitchen.把这些盘子拿到厨房去。
(2) bring表示将人或物“带到（拿到）”自己（说话者）所在位置的动作。
e. g. Don't forget to bring your dictionary with you tomorrow. 你（你们）明天不要忘带字典。
(3)fetch则表示“去拿（某物）来”的动作。
e. g. Will you fetch some water? 你能去拿点水来吗？
17. dollar n.元（美国、加拿大等国家的货币单位）
e. g. -How much is the doll? 这个洋娃娃多少钱？
-Five dollars. 5元。
【常用搭配】US dollar美元 Hong Kong dollar港币
18. address n.地址
e. g. -What's your home address? 你的家庭住址是什么？
-My home address is 12 Nanjing Road.我的家庭住址是南京路12号。
19. checklist n.清单；核对表
e. g. You'd better make a checklist for your trip, or you'll forget something.
你最好列个旅行清单，否则你会忘掉某些东西的。
Ⅱ. Daily expressions. 日常表达
1. plan to do… 计划做…
e. g. Tom is planning to visit Rome this Spring Festival.汤姆正计划今年春节到罗马旅行。
2. plenty of 许多，大量
后面可跟不可数名词，也可跟可数名词。
e. g. plenty of money大量的金钱 plenty of books大量的书
3. too many 太多
用于表示“超过，过量的”，后跟可数名词复数形式。
e. g. Eating too many sweets is bad for your teeth. 吃太多糖对你的牙齿不好。
【友情提示】too much也表示“超过，过量的”，但后跟不可数名词。
e. g. I just need a little sugar, not too much. 我只需一点点糖，不要太多。
【知识拓展】模糊数量的表达
英语中有许多模糊的数量词修饰不同的名词。
既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的有：some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, etc;
修饰可数名词的有：many, few, a few, a large number of, a great number of, etc;
修饰不可数名词的有：much, little, a little, an amount of, huge amounts of, a great deal of, etc。
4. leave for… 出发去……
e. g. When will you leave for Los Angeles? 你什么时候动身去洛杉矶？
比较：leave Los Angeles离开洛杉矶 leave for Los Angeles出发去洛杉矶
5. have to 不得不
e. g. I have to send e-mails and answer phones at the same time.我只得一边发电子邮件，一边接电话。
6. a boarding card登机牌
e. g. Please have your boarding cards ready for inspection.请拿出登机牌，方便我们检查。
【友情提示】a boarding card又称a boarding pass, 且后者更为常用。
7. a name tag名字标签
【友情提示】name tag 一般被绑在所要托运的行李上，以避免领取行李时弄错。
III． Important Sentences structures.
1. Mrs Wang and Grandma have not been to the USA before.
【指点迷津】have/has been to, have／has gone to, have/has been in／at的区别
(1)“have/has gone to+地点”表示某人去了某地，现在没有回来，可能在去的途中，或已经到了目的地。
e. g. He has gone to Shanghai.他去了上海。
He has gone to Dalian. 他去了大连。
(2)“have/has been to+地点”表示某人去过某地，此时人已回到说话处，常与twice（两次），several
times(几次)，ever(曾经)或never(从未)等词组或副词搭配。
e. g. The old American man has been to China three times.这位美国老人到过中国三次。
Where have you been? 你去过哪儿？
(3)“have/has been at／in+地点”表示在某地待了多久，后面须用表示一段时间的状语。
e. g. He has been at the village for ten years.他在村子里住了10年了。
How long have you been in Paris? 你在巴黎住了多久？
如果have／has been后接的是地点副词here、there时，不用介词at或in。
e. g. We have been here for about two hours.我们在这里约两个小时了。
2. They have already done a lot of things.
However, they have not packed their suitcases yet.
(1) already通常用于肯定句中，表示“已经”。
e. g. I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。
【友情提示】already一般不用于否定句中，但可用于疑问句中，表示期望得到对方明确的答复或表示一种惊讶，不过此时already常置于句末。
e. g. Have you read the book already? 你已经看过这本书了吗？
(2) yet是副词，意为“已经”，用于否定句和疑问句中，在句中通常是位于句末。
e. g. I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的家庭作业。
【友情提示】yet与not连用，(not yet)可用于作简略回答，意为，“还没有”。
e. g. -Have you ever read the book Red Star Over China? 你曾读过《西行漫记》这本书吗？
-No, not yet.不，还没有。
【知识拓展】ever用于现在完成时，表示到现在为止的任何时候，意为“曾经”，多用于疑问句或表示最高级的从句中。
e. g. He is the best teacher that I have ever seen. 他是我迄今为止见过的最好的老师。
在否定句中，常用never(意为“从来不……；从来没有……”)代替not ever。
e. g. I have never visited Hangzhou. 我从未游览过杭州。
3. We should arrive at the airport before one o'clock.
【指点迷津】arrive，get，reach的区别
三者都可作“到达”解。
(1) arrive是不及物动词，后接名词或代词时要加介词in或at，arrive in指的是大地点；arrive at指的是小地点。
e. g. When will Jim arrive in Shanghai? 吉姆将在什么时候到达上海？
We arrived at the station in hot haste.我们急急忙忙赶到车站。
(2) get为不及物动词，后接名词或代词时要加介词to。
e. g. When do you usually get to school? 你通常什么时候到校？
We got to London at 7 o’clock.我们7点到达伦敦。
(3) reach是及物动词，后面可直接跟表示地点的名词或代词。
e. g. We are going to reach Beijing tomorrow morning.我们将在明天早晨到达北京。
Please phone me when you reach school.到校后给我打电话。
4. Aunt Judy and Uncle Mike have lived in Los Angeles for six years.
for后面常接一个指时间长度的词或词组表示一段时间。
【知识拓展】since后面也可以接表示过去时间的词或词组，也可以引导一个过去时间的从句，表达的是自从过去某一时间直到现在的一段时间。这时since表示时间段与for后面接一段时间所起的作用是一样的，二者经过变化以后，常可以互换使用。
e. g. The Greens have lived in China for two years.
=The Greens have lived in China since two years ago.格林一家在中国住了两年了。
We've known each other since ten years ago.
=We've known each other for ten years.自从十年前，我们就认识了。
5. We'll have to stay there for two hours.
have to意为“不得不”，用于表示一种必要，后接动词原形。
【指点迷津】must，have to的区别
must与have to都可意为“必须；应该；不得不”，其区别为：
(1) must表示说话人的主观看法，即主观上的必要性，没有时态、人称变化。
e. g. You must work hard at your lessons.你们应该努力学习功课。
I must go home.我必须回家。
(2) have to一般表示客观方面的需要，有时态和人称的变化。
e. g. I have to go there.我得去那儿。
We had to stay at home yesterday.昨天我们不得不待在家里。
(3) must的否定式为mustn't，表示“不应该；禁止；不允许”。
e. g. You mustn't play football on the street.不要在马路上踢足球。
(4)have to的否定式为do not have to，英国英语中常用need not来代替don't have to，表示“不必要”，
e. g. You do not have to come every day.=You needn't come every day. 你不必天天来。
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