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透析中考英语语法代词、it用法考点ww.zk5u34.ecom
【代词命题趋势】
代词是用来代替名词的词。它是英语语法结构中的一个重要项目,也是中考测试的重点内容之一。纵观历年中考试题,出现频率最高的是不定代词,其次是it用法、疑问代词、反身代词以及人称代词等。
1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;
2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法;
3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法;
4 常见不定代词的一般用法;
5. 指示代词的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;
6. 相互代词的基本用法;
7. 疑问代词的基本用法。
8. 关系代词的基本用法。
【考点诠释】
一、考查人称代词的用法
人称代词分主格和宾格两种,在句中作主语用主格;作宾语或表语用宾格。
【考例】一Who is the boy over there?
一______________is my brother.[北京市] ww.zk53u.ecom
A.He B His C Him D.Himself
[答案]A。[解析]主格作主语(放在谓语动词前),宾格作宾语,放在介词、动词后面。依据句意:“他是我兄弟”看出,——为主语,主语用主格,故选A。
——Look! What's the postman giving Mrs Chen?
一He's giving ____a letter.[沈阳市]
A it B him C.me D.her
[答案]D。[解析]指代上句中的Mrs Chen应用her,作give的宾语。
二、考查物主代词的用法
1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词只能做定语,不能单独担任句子的某一成分;而名词性物主代词可单独做主语、宾语或表语,它相当于形容词性物主代词加名词。
【考例】 ---My pen is lost.
---Don't worry "about it. You can use__________.[吉林省]
A. my B. mine C. me D. myself
[答案]B。[解析] 从句意看:“别担心,你可以用我的”。由此可知C、D可排除,my是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,而本题后面没有名词,故又排除了A,所以选B。
---Is this your e-dictionary?
---No. ______ is in the schoolbag. [安徽省]
A. His B. Yours C. Hers D. Mine
[答案]D。[解析]名词性物主代词,都可以作主语。两者之间的对话,问句中有“你的”一词,那么答语中必然要用“我的”。
13.- --You look so happy. What happened?
--- I have got an "A" in ________P.E. test. [陕西省]
A. your B. her C. his D. my
[答案]D。 [解析]考查代词。根据句意,I获得了A级,当然是在my的体育测试中了。
三、考查反身代词的用法
表示“我(们)自己,你(们)自己,她、它、他(们)自己”的代词叫反身代词。
单数
myself
yourself
Himself
herself
itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
Themselves
反身代词主要用来表示动作回到执行者本身或加强所修饰名词、代词的语气。有人称和数的变化。在句中常用作宾语、表语、同位语。
【考例】—What a lovely card! Where did you buy it?
—I made it by______.(年福建福州)
A. me B. himself C. myself D. itself
【解析】 答案为C。本题考查反身代词的用法,by oneself表示“单独;独自”。
——What a lovely card! Where did you buy it?
一I made it by________.[成都]
A.me B. himself C.myself D.itself
47.答案:C解析:句意为“我自己做的这张卡片”。I的反身代词为myself。
四、考查指示代词的用法
在句中可做主语、宾语、表语和定语;并且this和these指较近的人或物;that和those指较远的人或物。
【考例】
五、考查不定代词的用法
1)one,ones,that,those的区别及用法ww.zk53u.ecom
指代前面所提到的名词,以避免重复。one表示“泛指”,指代单数可数名词;ones表示“泛指”,指代复数可数名词;that指代不可数名词或有后置定语的可数名词单数;those指代有后置定语的可数名词复数。
【考例】—There is enough food for the birds,isn't____?
一No.We need to get some.[武汉]
A.it B.there C.that D.this
答案:B解析:本题考查附加疑问句后的代词的选择。因为前句是there be结构,所以后边用there,故选B。
2)考查other,the other,another.others, the others,the rest的用法及区别
another泛指三者以上的“另一个”,the other表示“两者当中的另一个”,other表示“其他的”,others指“别的一些人或物”,the others表示“其余所有的人或物”。指代单数时,若是泛指,用another;若是特指,则用the other。指代复数时,若是泛指,用other修饰名词的复数形式;若是特指,用the other修饰名词的复数形式。others不能作定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other+复数名词”;the others相当于“the
other+复数名词”。another一般表示单数,其后接可数名词的单数形式。但若其后有数词或few修饰时,
则可接复数名词。the rest表示“剩余部分;其余”,指代可数名词或不可数名词。
【考例】--Harbin is really a beautiful city and there're many places of interest.
--So it is Why not stay here for _________two days? [哈尔滨市]
A. other B. others C. another
[答案]C。[解析]考查代词的用法。 Other表法别的,其他的“(单数);others(复数),another表“另一个,另外一个”, 从句意“为何不在这里再待两天?”可知C正确。another表示“另一个”。
We had a Dicaic 1ast term and it was a lot of fun.so let's have ____one this month.[苏州]
A.the other B.some C.another D.other
25.答案:C解析:上句说“上学期我们举行了一次野餐并玩得很开心”,下句想表达“这个月让我们再举行一次吧”。表示“再一,又一”用another,故选C。
——What a hot day! Have you had a drink?
——Yes.But I’d like to have ____after work.[ 江西]
A.it B.one C.other D.another
28.答案:D解析:由Yes.确定“我”已经喝了,“但工作完后我想再喝一杯”,只有another有“再一; 又一”之意,故选D。
In my class some students love music,are fond of drawing and ____enjoy reading.[ 南通]
A.some;the other B.others;the other C.others;the others D.some;others
31.答案:D解析:本题考查"some…some…others…”句型。意为“一些……,一些……,另一些……”,句意为“我班里一些学生喜欢音乐,一些喜欢画画,还有的喜欢阅读”,故选D。
3)考查all, both,either,neither,none的用法及区别
both,either和neither皆表示两者,可作主语、宾语和定语,both还可作同位语。
表示“两者都……”用both,“两者都不……”用neither.“两者中任意一个……”强调个体,用either。
all和none表示三者或三者以上。all表示全部肯定,而none表示全部否定。all可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;none可作主语、宾语和同位语,但不能作定语。all作主语时,指人看作复数,指物看作单数;none作主语时,看作单复数皆可。both,all,none作主语同位语时,通常放在行为动词前面,be动词、助动词或情态动词的后面。all和both与not连用表示部分否定。
【考例】——Which of the twin sisters is a doctor?
一______are.[福州市]
A. All B Both ww.zk53u.ecom C Either D.Neither
[答案]B。[解析]本题考查代词的用法。either和neither用作代词时,往往表示单数,both和an用作代词时,表示复数。答语中的系动词用are,所以C、D两项可以排除。both指两者,a11指三者或三者以上,the twa’n sisters是两个人,所以本题应选用both。
8..--Which do you prefer, bananas or oranges?
--_________. I enjoy eating apples. [广东省]
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All
[答案]C。[解析]本题考查代词both,all,either,neither的区别。问句“香蕉和橙子你更喜欢哪个?”答句中最后一句为“我喜欢吃苹果。”由此推知,香蕉和橙子他都不喜欢,故用代词neither表示“两者都不”。both为“两者都”,either意为“两者中的任一个”,aIl指“三者或j者以上”。
9.Liu Ying lives with her grandparents in the countryside because ___________of her parents work in the city. [成都市]
A. both B. either C. neither
[答案]A 。[解析]根据句意可知both两者都;either两者中一个;neither两者都不。
4)no one、none
no one只用于指人,而表示“若有一定的范围,且指明了没有何人或何物时”,应用
none,它既可指人也可指物用“none of,,,后接复数名词时,谓语可以用复数,也可用单数;
后接不可数名词时,谓语用单数。
【考例】—Got any information about High School Examination?
一Well,I was trying to,but found_________.[武汉]
A.one B.no one C.none D.some
22.答案:C解析:句中but表明前后意思不同,即“我在努力找,但没找到”,故排除A、D,而no one指人,none可指人也可指物,故选C。
5)some/any/no/every +thing/one/body
some类的词用于肯定句,any类的词用于否定和疑问句。
【考例】Look! There are __________pictures on the wall. [北京市]
A any B some C much D.both
[答案]B。[解析] 根据句意可知,“墙上有一些图画”,pictures是可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词,any用于疑问句和否定句,而both表“两者都”。故选B。
3.——Walt,we have few vegetables for dinner.Could you go and buy__?
一Yes,sure. But I don't have __money.[黄冈市] ww.zk53u.ecom
A. any;any B some;any C any;some D.some; some
[答案]B。[解析]考查some的用法。some用在肯定句中,any用在否定句和疑问句中,但在一般疑问句中,当希望对方作肯定回答时,用some代替any。故不能选A。
14.Money is important in my life. But it isn't _________to me. [陕西省]
A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything
[答案]A 。[解析]若后句用and,则B、c、D三项都可以是本题答案,但是后文用了but,就只能选everything了——钱在生活中是重要的,但对我来说并不是一切。
15.---Wow, so many new houses! I can't believe that. It used to be a poor village.
--Yes.__ has changed here. [河南省]
A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything
[答案]C。 [解析] 根据上句的意思判断此处应填everything表示“所有东西”,这样才符合句意。
6)little和a little;few和a few
little和a little修饰不可数名词,做主语时谓语动词用单数;few和a few修饰可数名词,做主语时谓语动词用复数。
【考例】We need some more coffee. There is only ____left.[沈阳市]
A. little B a little C few D.a few
[答案]B 。[解析] coffee是不可数名词,不能用few、a few修饰,故排除c、D;从句中only判定,不能用little,因为little表否定,故选B。
一You look sad.Kate.
——Yeah,I have made ____mistakes in my report.[ 武汉]
A.a little B.1ittle C.a few D.few
38.答案:C解析:由上下句意表明此处为“在报告中我犯了好几个错误”,是肯定的,故排除B、D项,mistakes是可数名词复数形式,故选C。
The reporters asked the man ____questions,but he said ____words.[成都]
A.many;few B.much;a little C.a lot of; a few
答案:A解析:第一空只能选A或C。many与a lot of修饰可数名词复数questions。由题意“但他没有说一句话”故选few。
—Can you tell me how to keep healthy?
—You should eat ____fast food vegetables and take enough exercise.[咸宁]
A.fewer;more B.fewer; 1ess C.less;fewer D.less:more
答案:D解析:food是不可数名词,不能用few修饰,故排除 A、B。句意为:你应该少吃快餐,多吃蔬菜,并做足够的锻炼。表示“多”用more而不能用fewer,故选D。
六、疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句,其中what,which,whose兼有形容词特征,可以和名词连用。ww.zk53u.ecom
which和what两者均可与名词连用。就人或物提问。但which一般用于有一定范围的情况,what用于无范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。
七、it的用法考查
在英语中,It的使用相当广泛。它既可用作代词(如:人称代词、指示代词和非人称代词),也可用作引导词(做形式主语、形式宾语及构成强调句型)。
一、考查it表示上文提过的事物或心目中的人或物的用法。
上文提过的事物(单数)或事情时,常用it来代替;指代心目中的人或物时也常用it来代替。
【考例】---________ will make your grandma happy if you buy a walking stick for her birthday, I guess.
---It sounds a good idea! She has some problems walking now. (年湖北宜昌)
A. That B. It C. This D. What
[答案]:B
[命题立意]:本题考查指代词的用法。
[试题解析]:依据题干you buy a walking stick for her birthday可知,此处用it指代这件事情。
-- A latest English newspaper, please!
--Only one copy left. Would you like to have_____ , sir? (徐州)
A. it B. one C. this D. that
[答案]:A
[命题立意]:本题考查替代词的用法。
[试题解析]:it用于指代前面提到过的名词,可以替代单数可数名词和不可数名词。
三、考查it作形式主语或形式宾语。
it作形式主语或形式宾语时,可指代动名词、动词不定式、主语从句或宾语从句。此时, it自身无词义,位于句子主语或宾语的位置,而真正作主语或宾语的动名词、动词不定式或从句则置于句子的后面。
注意: 考查it作形式主语或形式宾语常与that,this, as等一起考查。that, this, as等均不能作形式主语或形式宾语。
【考例】My mother finds great fun to learn to drive a car. (苏州)
A. it B. this C. the D. what
[答案]:A
[命题立意]:本题考查“S + V + it + adj. to do sth.”句型的用法。
[试题解析]:it 作指代词,用作形式宾语。
六、it/that/one用法区别
(it主要指代前面提到的同一物;one用来指代前面出现的单数名词,相当于a/an+单数名词,表泛指概念,往往是同类而同一物;that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the+单数/不可数名词)
【考例】
一Two Evening Papers,please!
——0nly one copy left.Would you like to have____,sir? [盐城] ww.zk53u.ecom
A.one B.it C.this D.that
答案:B解析:句意:“请拿两份晚报!”“先生,仅剩下一份了。你想买它吗?”用it来代替前面提到的one copy,故选B。
——Where's my watch?
——Sorry.I don't know.Maybe you put____on the table.[浙江台州]
A.it B.her C.him D.them
答案:A解析:此题考查代词的用法。it代替前面出现的单数事物,故选it。
. I can’t find the pen I was given. Have you seen __________? [ 徐州]
A. it B. one C. this D. that
答案:A。it指前文出现过的单数物或人;one常用来代替上文出现的属于同一类事物的单数名词;that多指电话中的对方或用在比较等级前替代前边的事物;this指上文中已提到的两点中的后一点,其前一点用that表示。
【语法回顾】ww.zk53u.ecom
代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。
一. 人称代词
1.人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。
ww.zk53u.ecom
2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如:
I like table tennis. 我喜欢乒乓球。(作主语)
Do you know him? 你认识他吗?(作宾语)
3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:
---Who is knocking at the door? 是谁在敲门?
---It’s me.是我。
4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如:
He is older than me.他比我大。
He is older than I am. 他比我大。
二. 物主代词
1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性
物主代词,如下表所示。 ww.zk53u.ecom
2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:
Our teacher is coming to see us.我们的老师将来看我们。
This is her pencil-box.这是她的铅笔盒。
3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。(作主语)
--- Is this English-book yours? 这是你的英语书吗?(作表语)
--- No. Mine is in my bag.不是,我的在书包里。
I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? 我已经做完家庭作业。你做完了吗? (作宾语)
三. 指示代词
指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。
1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those
则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如:
This is a pen and that is a pencil.这是一支钢笔而那是一支铅笔。
We are very busy these days.我们这些天很忙。
In those days the workers had a hard time.在那些日子里,工人们过的很艰难。
2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物,例如:
I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. 我感冒了。那就是我为什么没来。
What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.我想要说的就是这个,发音在学英语中很重要。
3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如:
Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.北京制造的电视机和上海制造的一样好。
4. this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如:
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?你好!我是玛利。你是杰克吗?
四. 反身代词ww.zk53u.ecom
英语中用来表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我们自己","你们自己"
等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。
反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。
1. 作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。
2. 作表语。
It doesn't matter.I'll be myself soon.没关系,我一会就会好的。
The girl in the news is myself. 新闻中的姑娘是我自己。
3. 作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)我亲自洗衣服。(作主语同位语)
You should ask the teacher himself.你应该问老师本人。(作宾语同位语)
五. 不定代词
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:
1. some与any的区别
1)some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.看!一些学生正在打扫图书馆。
Some rice in the bag has been sold out.在袋子里的一些大米已经卖掉。
2)any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数
动词;②可数名词+复数动词。
If you have any questions, please ask me.如果你有任何问题,请问我吧!
There isn't any orange in the bottle.瓶子里没有橘汁。
Have you got any tea?你还要茶吗?
3)any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。
How many people can you see in the picture?你能看见在图片里有多少人?
I can't see any.我没有看见任何人。
If you have no money, I'll lend you some.如果你没有钱,我借给你一些。
注意:与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在
肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some, any的用法相同。
注意:some用在肯定疑问句中 。 说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。
Would you like句式中,表委婉请求或建议。例如:
Would you like some coffee? 喝咖啡吗?
2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
1)用作形容词:
含义
用法
表示肯定
表示否定
用于可数名词
a few虽少,但有几个
few不多,几乎没有
用于不可数名词
a little,虽少,但有一点
little不多,没有什么
I'm going to buy a few apples.我去买些苹果。
He can speak only a little Chinese.他仅能讲一点汉语。
There is only a little milk in the glass.杯子里仅有一点牛奶。
He has few friends.他没有朋友。
They had little money with them.他们身上没有带钱。
2)a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry. 我有点饿。(修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. 让他睡一会儿。(修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please.玛丽,请稍微走快一点。 (修饰副词比较级)
She slept very little last night.昨天晚上她没有睡觉。
3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。
用 法
代名词
形容词
单数
复数
单数
复数
不定
Another
另一个
others
别人,其他人
another (boy)
另一个(男孩)
other (boys)
其他男孩
特定
the other
另一个
the others
其余那些人、物
the other (boy)
另一个男孩
the other (boys)
其余那些男孩
1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别
的”。
Where are his other books?他的其他书在哪里?
I haven't any other books except this one.除这本书,我没有别的书了。
2)other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.他有两个弟弟,一个是10岁,另一个是5岁。
She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.她一只手拿着尺子,另一只手拿着一本练习册。
3)other作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.一些去看电影了,另外的去游泳了。
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.这件大衣太大,请给我拿另外的。
4)“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.在我们班只有汤姆是英国人,其他的是中国人。
5)another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one.
You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?你能看见海上另一只船,不是吗?
Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?玛利不想买这条裙子,请再给她拿一条好吗?
6)another也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”。
I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.吃完蛋糕我还饿,请在给我一个。
4. every与each的区别。
Each
Every
1)可单独使用
1)不可单独使用
2)可做代名词、形容词
2)仅作形容词
3)着重“个别”
3)着重“全体”,毫无例外
4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物
4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物
The teacher gave a toy to each child.老师给每个孩子一个玩具。
Each ball has a different colour. 每个球有一个不同的颜色。
当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时,我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时,我们想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与all接近,表示他们都如此。
Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.每一个学生都喜欢英语老师。
Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.每一个孩子都喜欢玩。
5. all和both的用法。
1)all指三者以上,或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。
All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。(作主语)
= We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语)
All the water has been used up. 所有的水都用完了。(作主语)
That's all for today.这一切都是为今天。 (作表语)
Why not eat all (of) the fish? 为什么不吃所有的鱼呢? (作宾语)
All the leaders are here.所有的领导都在这儿。 (作定语)
2)both作代词。
①与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都”。
Lucy and Lily both agree with us.露西和李莉两个都同意我们的意见。
They both passed on their sticks at the same time.他们俩同时传出接力棒。
How are your parents? 你的父母怎么样?They're both fine.他们都很好。
②与“of +代词(或名词)”连用,表示“两者都”。
Both of them came to see Mary.他们俩都来看过玛利。
Both of the books are very interesting.两本书都很有趣。
③单独使用,表示“两者(都)”。
Michael has two sons. Both are clever. Michael有两个儿子,两个都聪明。
I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.我不知道哪一本书好,我两本都看。
3)both用作形容词,放在名词之前,修饰该名词,表示“两者都”。
Both his younger sisters are our classmates.他的两个妹妹都是我们的同学。
. There are tall trees on both sides of the street.街道两边都有高树。
六. 相互代词
表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中,each other和one
another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语。作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式。
We should learn from each other / one another. (作宾语)
Do you often write to each other / one another? 你们经常相互写信吗?(作宾语)
The students borrowed each other's notes. 学生们互借笔记。 (作定语)
The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. 学生们互相纠正的错误。
(作定语)
七. 疑问代词
疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如:
Who is going to come here tomorrow? 明天谁来这儿?(作主语)
What is that? 这是什么? (作表语)
Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的雨伞? (作定语)
Whom are you waiting for? 你在等谁? (作宾语)
八.关系代词
关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如:
I hate people who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说得多,做得少的人。
I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.我正在看你信中的那张照片。
With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.用他所存的钱,他继续他的学业。
Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?你认识采访我们校长的那位女士吗?
II、It的用法
1)( 指心目中或上下文中的人或物)这;那;它。例如:
It's a part-time job, so I only work evenings.这是一件零活,我只是在晚上做。
2)(指无生命的或性别不详的或性别无关紧要的小孩或动物)它。例如:
What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy?多漂亮的婴孩! 是个男孩吗?
3)(指成为问题或话题的对象的人或物)那个;这个。例如:
“What's that?” “It's a book(a colour television).”那是什么?那是一本书(一台彩色电视机)
“Who is on the phone?”“It's Mary.”谁的电话?是玛丽的。
4)用作主语表示时间、天气、气温、距离等一般不译出。例如:
It's Monday, the 1st of May.今天是五月一日,星期一。
It is about a mile to the station.距离车站大约一英里。
5)指不清楚的情况等不译出。例如:
Who's it speaking? I don't recognize your voice.你是谁呀?我听不出你的声音来。
6)it用作引导词
一、It's time for sb. to do sth. / It's time for sth.意为"是(某人)该干……的时间了"、"到……的时候了"。例如:
It's time for supper /to have supper.该吃晚饭了。
It's time for us to go to school我们该去上学去了。
二、It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.意为"(某人)花……时间做某事"。例如:
It takes twenty minutes to go to school by bike. 骑自行车上学要花二十分钟的时间。
It took me a week to finish reading the book. 我花了一周时间读完这本书。
三、It is one's turn to do sth.意为"轮到某人做某事了"。例如:
It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到你值日了。
四、It is / has been +时间段+since +一般过去时,意为"自从……以来已过了……(时间)。" 例如:
It is / has been four days since I caught a cold. 我感冒已四天了。
It is / has been two weeks since we met last. 自从我们上次见面以来已过了两周。
五、It seems /seemed +that从句,意为"看起来好像……"。例如:
It seemed that our team was going to win. 我们队看起来好像要赢了。
六、It's+表语+to do sth.。例如:
It's a good idea to go out for a walk. 出去散步是个好主意。
七、It's +adj.+that从句。例如:
It's true that I may fall behind the other students.我真可能落在别的学生后面。
八、 It's+adj.+of(for)sb.+to do sth.。对于这个句型究竟用of还是用for,主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质等的,如 kind,good,nice,clever等用of;如果形容词仅仅是描述行为的则用for,这类形容词常见的有difficult,easy,hard, important,dangerous等。例如:
It is nice of you to come to see me.你能来看我真好。
It is dangerous for children to play with fire.对小孩儿来说玩火是危险的。
【语法过关】
1.When Yang Liwei came back from space, many reporters interviewed ________ and got some first-hand information.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
2. camera is not so expensive as ,but it works well, too.
A, My; his B. Mine; him C. My; him D. Mine; his
3.--- Tom, Mary can’t sharpen the pencil. Can you give a hand?
--- Certainly.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
4.--Carl, why not go and help your sister water the flowers there?
--Why ________? I'm busy myself. Jack is lying on the grass doing nothing.
A. me B. I C. him D. he
5.Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. ____ of them have set a good example to us.
A. All B. Neither C. Both D. None
6..—How many of these books have you read?
--______ of them. Every one.
A. Many B. Some C. All D. None
7.When we got to the city center,_______ shops were still open, but most of them were closed.
A. the B. some C. many D.不填
8.--Can I park my car here?
--Yes. You can park on side of the street.
A. either B. neither C. both D. all
9.--- Are your parents doctors, too?
--- No, they are teachers. of them love teaching very much.
A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither
10.____went surfing at the beach because of the terrible weather.
A. Someone B. Everyone C. Nothing D. No none
11.---My computer! It’s all black!
---Let me have a look. And you may use ________ if you have something important to do. She is just playing games now.
A. mine B. it C. hers D. his
12.--Which would you like, tea or coffee?
-- ________is OK. I really don't mind.
A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither
13. I agree with most of what you said. But I don't agree with _________.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
14.-- Did your parents go to the film yesterday evening?
-- No. We ______stayed at home watching TV.
A. both B. all C. either D. none
15.—Have you heard of the accident about Lucy and her father?
--Accident? No, I haven’t. Tell me about_____.
A. it B. her C. him D. them
16.My mother finds great fun to learn to drive a car.
A. it B. this C. the D. what
17.---________ will make your grandma happy if you buy a walking stick for her birthday, I guess.
---It sounds a good idea! She has some problems walking now.
A. That B. It C. This D. What
18.-- A latest English newspaper, please!
--Only one copy left. Would you like to have_____ , sir?
A. it B. one C. this D. that
19.Merry Christmas, George! Here is a card for , with best wishes.
A. you.., our B. us... your C. you.., your D. us... our
20. Not long ago, our country sent up a rocket with two small satellites(卫星 ) into space. One weighed 204 kilos and _ _,25 kilos.
A. another B. other C. others D. the other
21——Your coffee smells good!
——It's from Canada. Would you like _________?
A. it B. some C. this D. little
22.______ of the Class 1 students is in the classroom. They are having a PE lesson on the playground.
A. Both B. Neither C. All D. None
23.He doesn't know ______ English because he has studied it for only ____ weeks.
A.much…a few B.little…few C.few…a little D.a few…a little
24— Excuse me , have you got any ink?
— Yes, but only .
A. a little B. a few C. little D. few
25.There’s too much noise here. Let’s go .
A. quiet everywhere B. somewhere quiet C. everywhere quiet D. quiet somewhere
【参考答案】
1.[答案]:B依据题意:当杨利伟从太空返回时,许多记者采访他得到第一手资料。
2.[答案]:A.名词前应用形容词性的人称代词;依句意:我的照相机与他的照相机相比,应用名词性人称代词。故选A。
3.[答案]:B本题考查固定词组中的人称代词的用法。give sb. a hand 表示“帮助某人”的意思,故选B。
4.[答案]:A.本题考查人称代词宾格的用法。在无谓语动词的句子中,常用宾格的人称代词作主语,而不用其主格人称代词。先排除B、D; 依据后句其主语是第一人称,故选A。
5.[答案]:C由上句可知是指Liu Xiang and Yao Ming 两个人,用于表示两者都的含义,应用both。
6.[答案]:C本题考查不定代词的用法。依据题意:你读了多少本书?每一本书都读过了。
7.[答案]:B依据题意:当我们到达市中心时候,有些商店还在开着,但大部分关着。
8.[答案]:A依据题意:你可以停在街道的任何一边。Either表示“两者之间的任何之一”,故选A。
9.[答案]:B由前一句句意:你的父母都也是医生吗?可知是针对两者都是……,可排除A、C。neither表示“两者之间任何一者”,故选B。
10.[答案]:D根据后面的句意: 由于恶劣的气候,可知“没有一个人在海滨冲浪”。所以用no one。
11.[答案]:C依据句意:如果你有重要的事情要做,你可以用她的电脑。此处hers=her computer, 故用名词性物主代词。
12.[答案]:C由上句句意:你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡?其后答应是:两者中任何一者都可以,应用either。
13.[答案]:D依据句意:一切我都不同意。表示“一切”,故用D。
14.[答案]:B依据上句句意:你父母昨天晚上去看了电影吗?可知我和父母待在家里看电视。是指三者,而且表示肯定。故应选用all。
15.[答案]:A依据句意:告诉我有关事故的情况。用it指代accident。
16.[答案]:A本题考查“S + V + it + adj. to do sth.”句型的用法。it 作指代词,用作形式宾语。
17.[答案]:B依据题干you buy a walking stick for her birthday可知,此处用it指代这件事情。
18.[答案]:Ait用于指代前面提到过的名词,可以替代单数可数名词和不可数名词。
19.[答案]: A依据题意:圣诞节快乐!乔治!给你带有我们良好祝愿的贺卡。故选A。
20.[答案]: D依据题意:一个重量为204公斤,另一个是25公斤;是指两者之间的另一个。故应选D。
21[答案]: B由上句可知:你的咖啡味道非常好,它产自加拿大。再来点吗?用some想得到肯定的答复。
22.[答案]: D:由后一句他们正在操场上体育课。可知一班的学生不在教室里。故选D。
23.[答案]: A由题意可知,他对英语不懂得太多,因为他仅学了几周。由weeks可知,其前面要用能修饰复数名词的代词,其他三项均不符合。故应选A。
24[答案]: A由上句可知:墨水是不可数名词,先排除B、D。由答语可知:但仅有一点。故选A。
25.[答案]: B本题考查不定代词和形容词的用法。形容词修饰不定代词时,应放在不定代词后面。先排除A、D。依据题意:这太吵了,咱们到安静的地方去。故选B。