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中考英语透析语法代词和it用法考点

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透析中考英语语法代词、it用法考点ww.zk5u34.ecom ‎【代词命题趋势】‎ 代词是用来代替名词的词。它是英语语法结构中的一个重要项目,也是中考测试的重点内容之一。纵观历年中考试题,出现频率最高的是不定代词,其次是it用法、疑问代词、反身代词以及人称代词等。‎ ‎1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;‎ ‎2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法;‎ ‎3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法;‎ ‎4 常见不定代词的一般用法;‎ ‎5. 指示代词的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;‎ ‎6. 相互代词的基本用法;‎ ‎7. 疑问代词的基本用法。‎ ‎8. 关系代词的基本用法。‎ ‎【考点诠释】‎ ‎ 一、考查人称代词的用法 人称代词分主格和宾格两种,在句中作主语用主格;作宾语或表语用宾格。 ‎ ‎【考例】一Who is the boy over there?‎ ‎ 一______________is my brother.[北京市] ww.zk53u.ecom A.He B His C Him D.Himself ‎[答案]A。[解析]主格作主语(放在谓语动词前),宾格作宾语,放在介词、动词后面。依据句意:“他是我兄弟”看出,——为主语,主语用主格,故选A。‎ ‎——Look! What's the postman giving Mrs Chen?‎ 一He's giving ____a letter.[沈阳市]‎ A it B him C.me D.her ‎[答案]D。[解析]指代上句中的Mrs Chen应用her,作give的宾语。‎ 二、考查物主代词的用法 ‎1、名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词只能做定语,不能单独担任句子的某一成分;而名词性物主代词可单独做主语、宾语或表语,它相当于形容词性物主代词加名词。 ‎ ‎【考例】 ---My pen is lost.‎ ‎---Don't worry "about it. You can use__________.[吉林省]‎ A. my B. mine C. me D. myself ‎[答案]B。[解析] 从句意看:“别担心,你可以用我的”。由此可知C、D可排除,my是形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,而本题后面没有名词,故又排除了A,所以选B。‎ ‎---Is this your e-dictionary?‎ ‎---No. ______ is in the schoolbag. [安徽省]‎ A. His B. Yours C. Hers D. Mine ‎[答案]D。[解析]名词性物主代词,都可以作主语。两者之间的对话,问句中有“你的”一词,那么答语中必然要用“我的”。‎ ‎13.- --You look so happy. What happened?‎ ‎--- I have got an "A" in ________P.E. test. [陕西省]‎ A. your B. her C. his D. my ‎[答案]D。 [解析]考查代词。根据句意,I获得了A级,当然是在my的体育测试中了。‎ 三、考查反身代词的用法 ‎ 表示“我(们)自己,你(们)自己,她、它、他(们)自己”的代词叫反身代词。‎ 单数 myself yourself Himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves Themselves 反身代词主要用来表示动作回到执行者本身或加强所修饰名词、代词的语气。有人称和数的变化。在句中常用作宾语、表语、同位语。 ‎ ‎【考例】—What a lovely card! Where did you buy it?‎ ‎    —I made it by______.(年福建福州)‎ ‎  A. me             B. himself    C. myself          D. itself ‎ 【解析】  答案为C。本题考查反身代词的用法,by oneself表示“单独;独自”。‎ ‎——What a lovely card! Where did you buy it?‎ 一I made it by________.[成都]‎ A.me B. himself C.myself D.itself ‎47.答案:C解析:句意为“我自己做的这张卡片”。I的反身代词为myself。‎ 四、考查指示代词的用法 在句中可做主语、宾语、表语和定语;并且this和these指较近的人或物;that和those指较远的人或物。‎ ‎【考例】‎ 五、考查不定代词的用法 ‎1)one,ones,that,those的区别及用法ww.zk53u.ecom ‎ 指代前面所提到的名词,以避免重复。one表示“泛指”,指代单数可数名词;ones表示“泛指”,指代复数可数名词;that指代不可数名词或有后置定语的可数名词单数;those指代有后置定语的可数名词复数。 ‎ ‎【考例】—There is enough food for the birds,isn't____?‎ 一No.We need to get some.[武汉]‎ A.it B.there C.that D.this 答案:B解析:本题考查附加疑问句后的代词的选择。因为前句是there be结构,所以后边用there,故选B。‎ ‎2)考查other,the other,another.others, the others,the rest的用法及区别 another泛指三者以上的“另一个”,the other表示“两者当中的另一个”,other表示“其他的”,others指“别的一些人或物”,the others表示“其余所有的人或物”。指代单数时,若是泛指,用another;若是特指,则用the other。指代复数时,若是泛指,用other修饰名词的复数形式;若是特指,用the other修饰名词的复数形式。others不能作定语,表示复数意义,相当于“other+复数名词”;the others相当于“the other+复数名词”。another一般表示单数,其后接可数名词的单数形式。但若其后有数词或few修饰时,‎ 则可接复数名词。the rest表示“剩余部分;其余”,指代可数名词或不可数名词。‎ ‎【考例】--Harbin is really a beautiful city and there're many places of interest.‎ ‎--So it is Why not stay here for _________two days? [哈尔滨市]‎ A. other B. others C. another ‎[答案]C。[解析]考查代词的用法。 Other表法别的,其他的“(单数);others(复数),another表“另一个,另外一个”, 从句意“为何不在这里再待两天?”可知C正确。another表示“另一个”。‎ We had a Dicaic 1ast term and it was a lot of fun.so let's have ____one this month.[苏州]‎ A.the other B.some C.another D.other ‎25.答案:C解析:上句说“上学期我们举行了一次野餐并玩得很开心”,下句想表达“这个月让我们再举行一次吧”。表示“再一,又一”用another,故选C。‎ ‎——What a hot day! Have you had a drink?‎ ‎——Yes.But I’d like to have ____after work.[ 江西]‎ A.it B.one C.other D.another ‎28.答案:D解析:由Yes.确定“我”已经喝了,“但工作完后我想再喝一杯”,只有another有“再一; 又一”之意,故选D。‎ In my class some students love music,are fond of drawing and ____enjoy reading.[ 南通]‎ A.some;the other B.others;the other C.others;the others D.some;others ‎31.答案:D解析:本题考查"some…some…others…”句型。意为“一些……,一些……,另一些……”,句意为“我班里一些学生喜欢音乐,一些喜欢画画,还有的喜欢阅读”,故选D。‎ ‎3)考查all, both,either,neither,none的用法及区别 both,either和neither皆表示两者,可作主语、宾语和定语,both还可作同位语。‎ 表示“两者都……”用both,“两者都不……”用neither.“两者中任意一个……”强调个体,用either。‎ all和none表示三者或三者以上。all表示全部肯定,而none表示全部否定。all可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;none可作主语、宾语和同位语,但不能作定语。all作主语时,指人看作复数,指物看作单数;none作主语时,看作单复数皆可。both,all,none作主语同位语时,通常放在行为动词前面,be动词、助动词或情态动词的后面。all和both与not连用表示部分否定。‎ ‎【考例】——Which of the twin sisters is a doctor?‎ ‎ 一______are.[福州市]‎ A. All B Both ww.zk53u.ecom C Either D.Neither ‎[答案]B。[解析]本题考查代词的用法。either和neither用作代词时,往往表示单数,both和an用作代词时,表示复数。答语中的系动词用are,所以C、D两项可以排除。both指两者,a11指三者或三者以上,the twa’n sisters是两个人,所以本题应选用both。‎ ‎8..--Which do you prefer, bananas or oranges?‎ ‎--_________. I enjoy eating apples. [广东省]‎ A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All ‎[答案]C。[解析]本题考查代词both,all,either,neither的区别。问句“香蕉和橙子你更喜欢哪个?”答句中最后一句为“我喜欢吃苹果。”由此推知,香蕉和橙子他都不喜欢,故用代词neither表示“两者都不”。both为“两者都”,either意为“两者中的任一个”,aIl指“三者或j者以上”。‎ ‎9.Liu Ying lives with her grandparents in the countryside because ___________of her parents work in the city. [成都市]‎ A. both B. either C. neither ‎[答案]A 。[解析]根据句意可知both两者都;either两者中一个;neither两者都不。‎ ‎4)no one、none ‎ ‎ no one只用于指人,而表示“若有一定的范围,且指明了没有何人或何物时”,应用 none,它既可指人也可指物用“none of,,,后接复数名词时,谓语可以用复数,也可用单数;‎ 后接不可数名词时,谓语用单数。‎ ‎【考例】—Got any information about High School Examination?‎ 一Well,I was trying to,but found_________.[武汉]‎ A.one B.no one C.none D.some ‎22.答案:C解析:句中but表明前后意思不同,即“我在努力找,但没找到”,故排除A、D,而no one指人,none可指人也可指物,故选C。‎ ‎5)some/any/no/every +thing/one/body some类的词用于肯定句,any类的词用于否定和疑问句。‎ ‎【考例】Look! There are __________pictures on the wall. [北京市]‎ A any B some C much D.both ‎[答案]B。[解析] 根据句意可知,“墙上有一些图画”,pictures是可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词,any用于疑问句和否定句,而both表“两者都”。故选B。‎ ‎3.——Walt,we have few vegetables for dinner.Could you go and buy__?‎ 一Yes,sure. But I don't have __money.[黄冈市] ww.zk53u.ecom A. any;any B some;any C any;some D.some; some ‎[答案]B。[解析]考查some的用法。some用在肯定句中,any用在否定句和疑问句中,但在一般疑问句中,当希望对方作肯定回答时,用some代替any。故不能选A。‎ ‎14.Money is important in my life. But it isn't _________to me. [陕西省]‎ A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything ‎[答案]A 。[解析]若后句用and,则B、c、D三项都可以是本题答案,但是后文用了but,就只能选everything了——钱在生活中是重要的,但对我来说并不是一切。‎ ‎15.---Wow, so many new houses! I can't believe that. It used to be a poor village. ‎ ‎ --Yes.__ has changed here. [河南省]‎ A. Nothing B. Something C. Everything D. Anything ‎[答案]C。 [解析] 根据上句的意思判断此处应填everything表示“所有东西”,这样才符合句意。‎ ‎6)little和a little;few和a few ‎ little和a little修饰不可数名词,做主语时谓语动词用单数;few和a few修饰可数名词,做主语时谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎【考例】We need some more coffee. There is only ____left.[沈阳市]‎ A. little B a little C few D.a few ‎[答案]B 。[解析] coffee是不可数名词,不能用few、a few修饰,故排除c、D;从句中only判定,不能用little,因为little表否定,故选B。‎ 一You look sad.Kate.‎ ‎——Yeah,I have made ____mistakes in my report.[ 武汉]‎ A.a little B.1ittle C.a few D.few ‎38.答案:C解析:由上下句意表明此处为“在报告中我犯了好几个错误”,是肯定的,故排除B、D项,mistakes是可数名词复数形式,故选C。‎ The reporters asked the man ____questions,but he said ____words.[成都]‎ A.many;few B.much;a little C.a lot of; a few 答案:A解析:第一空只能选A或C。many与a lot of修饰可数名词复数questions。由题意“但他没有说一句话”故选few。‎ ‎—Can you tell me how to keep healthy?‎ ‎—You should eat ____fast food vegetables and take enough exercise.[咸宁]‎ A.fewer;more B.fewer; 1ess C.less;fewer D.less:more ‎ 答案:D解析:food是不可数名词,不能用few修饰,故排除 A、B。句意为:你应该少吃快餐,多吃蔬菜,并做足够的锻炼。表示“多”用more而不能用fewer,故选D。‎ 六、疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句,其中what,which,whose兼有形容词特征,可以和名词连用。ww.zk53u.ecom ‎ which和what两者均可与名词连用。就人或物提问。但which一般用于有一定范围的情况,what用于无范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。‎ 七、it的用法考查 在英语中,It的使用相当广泛。它既可用作代词(如:人称代词、指示代词和非人称代词),也可用作引导词(做形式主语、形式宾语及构成强调句型)。 ‎ 一、考查it表示上文提过的事物或心目中的人或物的用法。 ‎ 上文提过的事物(单数)或事情时,常用it来代替;指代心目中的人或物时也常用it来代替。 ‎ ‎【考例】---________ will make your grandma happy if you buy a walking stick for her birthday, I guess.‎ ‎ ---It sounds a good idea! She has some problems walking now.  (年湖北宜昌)‎ ‎ A. That B. It C. This D. What ‎[答案]:B ‎[命题立意]:本题考查指代词的用法。‎ ‎[试题解析]:依据题干you buy a walking stick for her birthday可知,此处用it指代这件事情。‎ ‎-- A latest English newspaper, please!‎ ‎--Only one copy left. Would you like to have_____ , sir? (徐州)‎ A. it B. one C. this D. that ‎[答案]:A ‎[命题立意]:本题考查替代词的用法。‎ ‎[试题解析]:it用于指代前面提到过的名词,可以替代单数可数名词和不可数名词。‎ 三、考查it作形式主语或形式宾语。 ‎ it作形式主语或形式宾语时,可指代动名词、动词不定式、主语从句或宾语从句。此时, it自身无词义,位于句子主语或宾语的位置,而真正作主语或宾语的动名词、动词不定式或从句则置于句子的后面。 ‎ 注意: 考查it作形式主语或形式宾语常与that,this, as等一起考查。that, this, as等均不能作形式主语或形式宾语。 ‎ ‎【考例】My mother finds great fun to learn to drive a car. (苏州)‎ ‎ A. it B. this C. the D. what ‎ [答案]:A ‎[命题立意]:本题考查“S + V + it + adj. to do sth.”句型的用法。‎ ‎[试题解析]:it 作指代词,用作形式宾语。‎ 六、it/that/one用法区别 ‎(it主要指代前面提到的同一物;one用来指代前面出现的单数名词,相当于a/an+单数名词,表泛指概念,往往是同类而同一物;that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词,相当于the+单数/不可数名词)‎ ‎【考例】‎ 一Two Evening Papers,please!‎ ‎——0nly one copy left.Would you like to have____,sir? [盐城] ww.zk53u.ecom A.one B.it C.this D.that 答案:B解析:句意:“请拿两份晚报!”“先生,仅剩下一份了。你想买它吗?”用it来代替前面提到的one copy,故选B。‎ ‎——Where's my watch?‎ ‎——Sorry.I don't know.Maybe you put____on the table.[浙江台州] ‎ A.it B.her C.him D.them 答案:A解析:此题考查代词的用法。it代替前面出现的单数事物,故选it。‎ ‎. I can’t find the pen I was given. Have you seen __________?          [ 徐州]‎ A. it           B. one          C. this           D. that 答案:A。it指前文出现过的单数物或人;one常用来代替上文出现的属于同一类事物的单数名词;that多指电话中的对方或用在比较等级前替代前边的事物;this指上文中已提到的两点中的后一点,其前一点用that表示。 ‎ ‎【语法回顾】ww.zk53u.ecom 代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。‎ 一. 人称代词 ‎ 1.人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所示。 ‎ ‎ ww.zk53u.ecom ‎ 2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如:‎ ‎  I like table tennis. 我喜欢乒乓球。(作主语)‎ Do you know him? 你认识他吗?(作宾语)‎ ‎3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:‎ ‎---Who is knocking at the door? 是谁在敲门?‎ ‎---It’s me.是我。‎ ‎4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如:‎ He is older than me.他比我大。‎ He is older than I am. 他比我大。‎ 二. 物主代词 ‎ 1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性 物主代词,如下表所示。 ww.zk53u.ecom ‎ 2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:‎ ‎  Our teacher is coming to see us.我们的老师将来看我们。‎ ‎  This is her pencil-box.这是她的铅笔盒。‎ ‎ 3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。‎ ‎   Our school is here, and theirs is there.我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。(作主语)‎ ‎  --- Is this English-book yours? 这是你的英语书吗?(作表语)‎ ‎  --- No. Mine is in my bag.不是,我的在书包里。‎ ‎  I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? 我已经做完家庭作业。你做完了吗? (作宾语)‎ 三. 指示代词 ‎  指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。 ‎ ‎1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those 则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如:‎ ‎  This is a pen and that is a pencil.这是一支钢笔而那是一支铅笔。‎ ‎  We are very busy these days.我们这些天很忙。‎ ‎  In those days the workers had a hard time.在那些日子里,工人们过的很艰难。‎ ‎2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物,例如:‎ I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. 我感冒了。那就是我为什么没来。‎ What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English.我想要说的就是这个,发音在学英语中很重要。‎ ‎3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替,例如:‎ Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai.北京制造的电视机和上海制造的一样好。‎ ‎4. this 在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如:‎ Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?你好!我是玛利。你是杰克吗?‎ 四. 反身代词ww.zk53u.ecom ‎  英语中用来表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我们自己","你们自己"‎ 等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词,其形式如表所示。‎ 反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位语。‎ ‎1. 作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。‎ We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。‎ Please help yourself to some fish.  请你随便吃点鱼。 ‎ ‎2. 作表语。‎ It doesn't matter.I'll be myself soon.没关系,我一会就会好的。‎ The girl in the news is myself. 新闻中的姑娘是我自己。‎ ‎3. 作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。‎ The thing itself is not important.  事情本身并不重要。‎ I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)我亲自洗衣服。(作主语同位语)‎ You should ask the teacher himself.你应该问老师本人。(作宾语同位语)‎ 五. 不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下:‎ ‎1. some与any的区别 ‎1)some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。‎ Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.看!一些学生正在打扫图书馆。 ‎ Some rice in the bag has been sold out.在袋子里的一些大米已经卖掉。‎ ‎2)any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数 动词;②可数名词+复数动词。‎ If you have any questions, please ask me.如果你有任何问题,请问我吧!‎ There isn't any orange in the bottle.瓶子里没有橘汁。‎ Have you got any tea?你还要茶吗?‎ ‎3)any和some也可以作代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中,some多用于肯定句中。‎ How many people can you see in the picture?你能看见在图片里有多少人?‎ I can't see any.我没有看见任何人。‎ If you have no money, I'll lend you some.如果你没有钱,我借给你一些。‎ 注意:与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在 肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some, any的用法相同。‎ 注意:some用在肯定疑问句中 。 说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。‎ Would you like句式中,表委婉请求或建议。例如:‎ Would you like some coffee? 喝咖啡吗?‎ ‎2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别 ‎1)用作形容词:‎ ‎ 含义 用法 表示肯定 表示否定 用于可数名词 a few虽少,但有几个 few不多,几乎没有 用于不可数名词 a little,虽少,但有一点 little不多,没有什么 ‎ I'm going to buy a few apples.我去买些苹果。‎ ‎ He can speak only a little Chinese.他仅能讲一点汉语。‎ ‎ There is only a little milk in the glass.杯子里仅有一点牛奶。‎ ‎ He has few friends.他没有朋友。‎ ‎ They had little money with them.他们身上没有带钱。‎ ‎ 2)a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。‎ ‎ I'm a little hungry. 我有点饿。(修饰形容词hungry)‎ ‎ Let him sleep a little. 让他睡一会儿。(修饰动词sleep)‎ ‎ Mary, go a little faster, please.玛丽,请稍微走快一点。 (修饰副词比较级)‎ ‎ She slept very little last night.昨天晚上她没有睡觉。‎ ‎3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。‎ 用 法 代名词 形容词 单数 复数 单数 复数 不定 Another 另一个 others 别人,其他人 another (boy)‎ 另一个(男孩)‎ other (boys)‎ 其他男孩 特定 the other 另一个 the others 其余那些人、物 the other (boy)‎ 另一个男孩 the other (boys)‎ 其余那些男孩 ‎1)other可以作形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别 的”。‎ ‎ Where are his other books?他的其他书在哪里?‎ ‎ I haven't any other books except this one.除这本书,我没有别的书了。‎ ‎ 2)other也可以用作代词,与冠词the连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。‎ ‎ He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.他有两个弟弟,一个是10岁,另一个是5岁。‎ ‎ She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.她一只手拿着尺子,另一只手拿着一本练习册。‎ ‎ 3)other作代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。‎ ‎ Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.一些去看电影了,另外的去游泳了。‎ ‎ This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.这件大衣太大,请给我拿另外的。‎ ‎ 4)“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。‎ ‎ We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.‎ ‎ In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.在我们班只有汤姆是英国人,其他的是中国人。‎ ‎5)another可以作形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以跟代词one.‎ ‎ You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?你能看见海上另一只船,不是吗?‎ ‎ Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?玛利不想买这条裙子,请再给她拿一条好吗?‎ ‎ 6)another也可以作代词用,表示“另一个”。‎ ‎ I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.吃完蛋糕我还饿,请在给我一个。‎ ‎4. every与each的区别。‎ Each Every ‎1)可单独使用 ‎1)不可单独使用 ‎2)可做代名词、形容词 ‎2)仅作形容词 ‎3)着重“个别”‎ ‎3)着重“全体”,毫无例外 ‎4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物 ‎4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 ‎ The teacher gave a toy to each child.老师给每个孩子一个玩具。‎ ‎ Each ball has a different colour. 每个球有一个不同的颜色。‎ ‎ 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时,我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时,我们想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与all接近,表示他们都如此。‎ ‎ Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.每一个学生都喜欢英语老师。‎ Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.每一个孩子都喜欢玩。‎ ‎5. all和both的用法。‎ ‎1)all指三者以上,或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。‎ ‎ All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。(作主语)‎ ‎ = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语)‎ ‎ All the water has been used up. 所有的水都用完了。(作主语)‎ ‎ That's all for today.这一切都是为今天。 (作表语)‎ ‎ Why not eat all (of) the fish? 为什么不吃所有的鱼呢? (作宾语)‎ ‎ All the leaders are here.所有的领导都在这儿。 (作定语)‎ ‎ 2)both作代词。‎ ‎①与其他名词或代词并列出现,表示“两个都”。‎ ‎ Lucy and Lily both agree with us.露西和李莉两个都同意我们的意见。‎ ‎ They both passed on their sticks at the same time.他们俩同时传出接力棒。‎ ‎ How are your parents? 你的父母怎么样?They're both fine.他们都很好。‎ ‎ ②与“of +代词(或名词)”连用,表示“两者都”。‎ ‎ Both of them came to see Mary.他们俩都来看过玛利。‎ ‎ Both of the books are very interesting.两本书都很有趣。‎ ‎ ③单独使用,表示“两者(都)”。‎ ‎ Michael has two sons. Both are clever. Michael有两个儿子,两个都聪明。‎ ‎ I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.我不知道哪一本书好,我两本都看。‎ ‎ 3)both用作形容词,放在名词之前,修饰该名词,表示“两者都”。‎ ‎ Both his younger sisters are our classmates.他的两个妹妹都是我们的同学。‎ ‎ . There are tall trees on both sides of the street.街道两边都有高树。‎ 六. 相互代词 ‎ 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中,each other和one ‎ another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语,定语。作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式。‎ ‎  We should learn from each other / one another. (作宾语)‎ ‎  Do you often write to each other / one another? 你们经常相互写信吗?(作宾语)‎ ‎  The students borrowed each other's notes. 学生们互借笔记。 (作定语)‎ ‎  The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. 学生们互相纠正的错误。‎ ‎(作定语)‎ 七. 疑问代词 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中,一般都放在句首,并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如:‎ Who is going to come here tomorrow? 明天谁来这儿?(作主语)‎ What is that? 这是什么? (作表语)‎ Whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的雨伞? (作定语)‎ Whom are you waiting for? 你在等谁? (作宾语)‎ 八.关系代词 关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如:‎ I hate people who talk much but do little.我不喜欢说得多,做得少的人。‎ I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.我正在看你信中的那张照片。‎ With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.用他所存的钱,他继续他的学业。‎ Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?你认识采访我们校长的那位女士吗?‎ II、It的用法 ‎1)( 指心目中或上下文中的人或物)这;那;它。例如:‎ It's a part-time job, so I only work evenings.这是一件零活,我只是在晚上做。‎ ‎2)(指无生命的或性别不详的或性别无关紧要的小孩或动物)它。例如:‎ What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy?多漂亮的婴孩! 是个男孩吗?‎ ‎3)(指成为问题或话题的对象的人或物)那个;这个。例如:‎ ‎“What's that?” “It's a book(a colour television).”那是什么?那是一本书(一台彩色电视机)‎ ‎“Who is on the phone?”“It's Mary.”谁的电话?是玛丽的。‎ ‎4)用作主语表示时间、天气、气温、距离等一般不译出。例如:‎ It's Monday, the 1st of May.今天是五月一日,星期一。‎ It is about a mile to the station.距离车站大约一英里。‎ ‎5)指不清楚的情况等不译出。例如:‎ Who's it speaking? I don't recognize your voice.你是谁呀?我听不出你的声音来。‎ ‎6)it用作引导词 一、It's time for sb. to do sth. / It's time for sth.意为"是(某人)该干……的时间了"、"到……的时候了"。例如: ‎ It's time for supper /to have supper.该吃晚饭了。‎ It's time for us to go to school我们该去上学去了。‎ 二、It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.意为"(某人)花……时间做某事"。例如: ‎ It takes twenty minutes to go to school by bike. 骑自行车上学要花二十分钟的时间。 ‎ It took me a week to finish reading the book. 我花了一周时间读完这本书。 ‎ 三、It is one's turn to do sth.意为"轮到某人做某事了"。例如: ‎ It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到你值日了。 ‎ 四、It is / has been +时间段+since +一般过去时,意为"自从……以来已过了……(时间)。" 例如: ‎ It is / has been four days since I caught a cold. 我感冒已四天了。 ‎ It is / has been two weeks since we met last. 自从我们上次见面以来已过了两周。 ‎ 五、It seems /seemed +that从句,意为"看起来好像……"。例如: ‎ It seemed that our team was going to win. 我们队看起来好像要赢了。 ‎ 六、It's+表语+to do sth.。例如:‎ It's a good idea to go out for a walk. 出去散步是个好主意。‎ 七、It's +adj.+that从句。例如: ‎ It's true that I may fall behind the other students.我真可能落在别的学生后面。 ‎ 八、 It's+adj.+of(for)sb.+to do sth.。对于这个句型究竟用of还是用for,主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质等的,如 kind,good,nice,clever等用of;如果形容词仅仅是描述行为的则用for,这类形容词常见的有difficult,easy,hard, important,dangerous等。例如: ‎ It is nice of you to come to see me.你能来看我真好。 ‎ It is dangerous for children to play with fire.对小孩儿来说玩火是危险的。‎ ‎【语法过关】‎ ‎1.When Yang Liwei came back from space, many reporters interviewed ________ and got some first-hand information. ‎ A. he  B. him  C. his  D. himself ‎2. camera is not so expensive as ,but it works well, too. ‎ ‎ A, My; his B. Mine; him C. My; him D. Mine; his ‎3.--- Tom, Mary can’t sharpen the pencil. Can you give a hand? ‎ ‎--- Certainly. ‎ A. she B. her C. hers D. herself ‎ ‎4.--Carl, why not go and help your sister water the flowers there?‎ ‎ --Why ________? I'm busy myself. Jack is lying on the grass doing nothing. ‎ ‎ A. me B. I C. him D. he ‎5.Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. ____ of them have set a good example to us. ‎ A. All  B. Neither  C. Both  D. None ‎6..—How many of these books have you read?  ‎ ‎--______ of them. Every one. ‎ A. Many      B. Some     C. All    D. None ‎7.When we got to the city center,_______ shops were still open, but most of them were closed. ‎ A. the      B. some      C. many      D.不填 ‎8.--Can I park my car here?‎ ‎ --Yes. You can park on side of the street. ‎ ‎ A. either B. neither C. both D. all ‎9.--- Are your parents doctors, too? ‎ ‎--- No, they are teachers. of them love teaching very much. ‎ A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither ‎10.____went surfing at the beach because of the terrible weather. ‎ ‎ A. Someone   B. Everyone   C. Nothing    D. No none ‎ ‎11.---My computer! It’s all black!‎ ‎ ---Let me have a look. And you may use ________ if you have something important to do. She is just playing games now.   ‎ ‎ A. mine B. it C. hers D. his ‎12.--Which would you like, tea or coffee?‎ ‎ -- ________is OK. I really don't mind. ‎ ‎ A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither ‎13. I agree with most of what you said. But I don't agree with _________. ‎ ‎ A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎14.-- Did your parents go to the film yesterday evening?‎ ‎ -- No. We ______stayed at home watching TV. ‎ A. both B. all C. either D. none ‎ 15.—Have you heard of the accident about Lucy and her father?‎ ‎--Accident? No, I haven’t. Tell me about_____. ‎ A. it       B. her      C. him      D. them ‎16.My mother finds great fun to learn to drive a car. ‎ ‎ A. it B. this C. the D. what ‎ 17.---________ will make your grandma happy if you buy a walking stick for her birthday, I guess.‎ ‎ ---It sounds a good idea! She has some problems walking now. ‎ ‎ A. That B. It C. This D. What ‎18.-- A latest English newspaper, please!‎ ‎--Only one copy left. Would you like to have_____ , sir? ‎ A. it B. one C. this D. that ‎19.Merry Christmas, George! Here is a card for , with best wishes. ‎ A. you.., our B. us... your C. you.., your D. us... our ‎20. Not long ago, our country sent up a rocket with two small satellites(卫星 ) into space. One weighed 204 kilos and _ _,25 kilos. ‎ A. another B. other C. others D. the other ‎ ‎21——Your coffee smells good!‎ ‎——It's from Canada. Would you like _________? ‎ A. it             B. some               C. this        D. little ‎22.______ of the Class 1 students is in the classroom. They are having a PE lesson on the playground. ‎ A. Both       B. Neither      C. All        D. None ‎23.He doesn't know ______ English because he has studied it for only ____ weeks. ‎ A.much…a few B.little…few C.few…a little D.a few…a little ‎ 24— Excuse me , have you got any ink?‎ ‎ — Yes, but only . ‎ A. a little B. a few C. little D. few ‎25.There’s too much noise here. Let’s go      . ‎ ‎ A. quiet everywhere B. somewhere quiet C. everywhere quiet D. quiet somewhere ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1.[答案]:B依据题意:当杨利伟从太空返回时,许多记者采访他得到第一手资料。‎ ‎2.[答案]:A.名词前应用形容词性的人称代词;依句意:我的照相机与他的照相机相比,应用名词性人称代词。故选A。‎ ‎3.[答案]:B本题考查固定词组中的人称代词的用法。give sb. a hand 表示“帮助某人”的意思,故选B。‎ ‎4.[答案]:A.本题考查人称代词宾格的用法。在无谓语动词的句子中,常用宾格的人称代词作主语,而不用其主格人称代词。先排除B、D; 依据后句其主语是第一人称,故选A。‎ ‎5.[答案]:C由上句可知是指Liu Xiang and Yao Ming 两个人,用于表示两者都的含义,应用both。‎ ‎6.[答案]:C本题考查不定代词的用法。依据题意:你读了多少本书?每一本书都读过了。‎ ‎7.[答案]:B依据题意:当我们到达市中心时候,有些商店还在开着,但大部分关着。‎ ‎8.[答案]:A依据题意:你可以停在街道的任何一边。Either表示“两者之间的任何之一”,故选A。‎ ‎9.[答案]:B由前一句句意:你的父母都也是医生吗?可知是针对两者都是……,可排除A、C。neither表示“两者之间任何一者”,故选B。‎ ‎ 10.[答案]:D根据后面的句意: 由于恶劣的气候,可知“没有一个人在海滨冲浪”。所以用no one。‎ ‎11.[答案]:C依据句意:如果你有重要的事情要做,你可以用她的电脑。此处hers=her computer, 故用名词性物主代词。‎ ‎12.[答案]:C由上句句意:你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡?其后答应是:两者中任何一者都可以,应用either。‎ ‎13.[答案]:D依据句意:一切我都不同意。表示“一切”,故用D。‎ ‎14.[答案]:B依据上句句意:你父母昨天晚上去看了电影吗?可知我和父母待在家里看电视。是指三者,而且表示肯定。故应选用all。‎ ‎15.[答案]:A依据句意:告诉我有关事故的情况。用it指代accident。‎ ‎ 16.[答案]:A本题考查“S + V + it + adj. to do sth.”句型的用法。it 作指代词,用作形式宾语。‎ ‎17.[答案]:B依据题干you buy a walking stick for her birthday可知,此处用it指代这件事情。‎ ‎18.[答案]:Ait用于指代前面提到过的名词,可以替代单数可数名词和不可数名词。‎ ‎19.[答案]: A依据题意:圣诞节快乐!乔治!给你带有我们良好祝愿的贺卡。故选A。‎ ‎20.[答案]: D依据题意:一个重量为204公斤,另一个是25公斤;是指两者之间的另一个。故应选D。‎ ‎21[答案]: B由上句可知:你的咖啡味道非常好,它产自加拿大。再来点吗?用some想得到肯定的答复。 ‎ ‎22.[答案]: D:由后一句他们正在操场上体育课。可知一班的学生不在教室里。故选D。‎ ‎23.[答案]: A由题意可知,他对英语不懂得太多,因为他仅学了几周。由weeks可知,其前面要用能修饰复数名词的代词,其他三项均不符合。故应选A。‎ ‎24[答案]: A由上句可知:墨水是不可数名词,先排除B、D。由答语可知:但仅有一点。故选A。‎ ‎25.[答案]: B本题考查不定代词和形容词的用法。形容词修饰不定代词时,应放在不定代词后面。先排除A、D。依据题意:这太吵了,咱们到安静的地方去。故选B。‎