中考英语同义句转换方法归类及相关练习 7页

中考英语同义句转换方法归类及相关练习 ‎ ‎ 总所周知，语言是思想、情感交流的载体。相同的意思有时可以用不同的方式表达。了解并学会多种表达法，能更好地适应交际的需要。同义句转换也是中考常考题型。此类题型考生失分较大。现归纳以下解题方法与思路。‎ 一、运用同义词或同义词组 e.g. 1. I got a letter from my brother last weekend.‎ ‎ = I heard from my brother last weekend.‎ ‎ 2.His little sister could dress herself when she was three years old.‎ ‎ = His little sister was able to dress herself at the age of three.‎ 这类题目首先要注意比较上下两句，找出需要改动的地方，运用同义词或同义词组进行转换。还要注意把握两句的时态、数的单复和主谓一致等。‎ Exercises:‎ ‎1.A.The children are having a good time in the park now.‎ ‎ B. The children are__________ ____________ in the park _________ _________ ___________.‎ ‎2.A.He spent thirty minutes in finishing his homework. My God.‎ ‎ B._____ _________ him ________ _________ _________ ________ finish his homework.‎ ‎3.A.Very soon the baby started crying.‎ ‎ B. In ________ ___________ the baby _________ ________ cry.‎ ‎4.A.What do you think of the movie you saw last week?‎ ‎ B.___________ do you __________ the movie you saw last week?‎ ‎5.A.There is only an old chair in the room.‎ B. There’s _________ __________ an old chair in the room.‎ ‎6.A.What’s the matter with you, young man?‎ ‎ B. What’s _________ with you, young man?‎ ‎7.A.Did you have any problems in working out the math problem?‎ ‎ B. Did you have ______________ in _____________ the math problem?‎ ‎8.A.He’ll come to my birthday soon after he finishes his project.‎ ‎ B. He’ll come to my birthday __________ __________ ________ his project is finished.‎ ‎ ‎ 二、运用反义词或反义词组 e.g. 1.She failed the English exam last time.‎ ‎ = She didn’t pass the English exam last time.‎ ‎ 2.His house is near the school.‎ ‎ = His house isn’t far from the school.‎ ‎ = His house is close to the school.‎ ‎ 这类题目可以否定句中的动词或形容词，是两句意思相符。仍然要注意动词时态一致。‎ Exercise:‎ ‎9.A.I don’t think the pig is beautiful.‎ ‎ B._______ ________ ___________, the pig is __________.‎ ‎10..A.All of the questions are easy.‎ ‎ B.____________ __________ the questions is _________________.‎ ‎11..A.They didn’t find anything under the desk..‎ ‎ B. They _____________ ____________ under the desk.‎ 三、动词短语转换成介词短语 e.g. 1.Yesterday Mr. King went to New York by air.‎ ‎ = Mr. King flew to New York yesterday.‎ 此类题目关键就是使用恰当的介词短语，还要注意动词时态一致。‎ Exercises:‎ ‎12..A. Helen always goes to school on foot.‎ ‎ B. Helen always ____________ __________school.‎ ‎13.A.Tom used a brush to clean his shoes.‎ ‎ B. Tom ________ his shoes ____________ a brush.‎ ‎14.A. Manuel usually goes to work by subway, sometimes he rides his motorcycle.‎ B. Manuel usually ________the subway to work, but at times he goes to work ______ motorbike.‎ ‎ ‎ 四、单句转换成复句，或者复句转换成单句 e.g. 1.She found him a very clever student.‎ ‎= She found that he was a pretty clever student.‎ ‎2.The gate is quite wide. Two cars can go through it at the same time.‎ ‎= The gate is so wide that two cars can go through it together.‎ 此类题目需要熟悉一些重要的句型和短语。例如：too… to …; so …that…; not… until…等。还要注意了解相关转换类型，如：without短语与if/ unless条件状语从句的转换；enough to …与so …that …的转换；too…to…,not…enough to…, so…that …not…的相互转换等。‎ ‎ ‎ Exercises:‎ ‎15.A.Mrs Green doesn’t like traveling by plane at all, I think.‎ ‎ B.I ____________ think Mrs. Green ___________ traveling a lot.‎ ‎16.A.The boy is too young to go to school.‎ ‎ B. The boy is __________ young ________ he __________ do to school.‎ ‎ C. The boy isn’t _______ ____________ _________ go to school.‎ ‎17.A.Fish can’t live if there’s no water.‎ ‎ B. Fish can’t live ___________ _________ water.‎ ‎ C. Fish can’t live __________ there _______ water.‎ ‎18.A.He seemed tired last night.‎ ‎ B._________ __________ that _______ was tired last night.‎ ‎19.A.The book is so difficult that none of us ca read it.‎ ‎ B.The book is ________ difficult _________ us ________ read.‎ ‎ C The book _________ ________ ________ for us to read.‎ ‎20.A.I can’t finish the work on time if you don’t help me.‎ ‎ B.I can’t finish the work on time ___________ __________ ___________.‎ ‎ C.I can’t finish the work on time _________ you ________ me ______ ___________.‎ ‎21.A.I think it easy to work out the physic problem.‎ ‎ B.I think I _______ work out the physic problem _____________ .‎ ‎ C.________ easy ________ me _______ work out the physic problem.‎ ‎ ‎ 五、同一单词的不同词性相互转换 e.g. .He promised to help us.‎ ‎ = He made a promise to help us.‎ ‎ 此类题目要求学生在记单词的时候要理解它们的词性。功在平时，博闻强识。‎ Exercise：‎ ‎22.A.Jim didn’t come to school because he was ill.‎ ‎ B. Jim didn’t come to school ___________ _________ his ____________.‎ ‎23A.Mike decided to try to learn English well.‎ ‎ B Mike ___________ a __________ to try to learn English well.‎ ‎24.A.Let’s discuss it together, OK?‎ ‎ B.__________ you please ___________ a ____________ with us?‎ ‎25.A.He is a successful actor.‎ ‎ B. He _____________ in __________.‎ ‎26.A. What he said surprised us.‎ ‎ B. We __________ ____________ _________ his words.‎ ‎27.A. The story interested them a lot.‎ ‎ B. The story ____________ them very _____________ .‎ ‎ ‎ 六、并列复合连词连接或改写原句 e.g. .Maria has been to Shanghai, so has Kate.‎ ‎ = Both Maria and Kate have been to Shanghai.‎ ‎ 此类题目特别要注意时态的一致，主语和谓语在数上的一致。还要对象一些短语比较熟悉，例如：either…or…, both…and…., neither… nor…; not only… but also…。还有一些句型，例如：So + 动词+主语； …, too.等。‎ Exercises:‎ ‎28.A.She can’t answer the question, neither can I.‎ ‎ B._____________ she ____________ I _________ answer the question.‎ ‎ C._____________ __________ us _________ answer the question.‎ D. She can’t answer the question, and I can’t, _____________.‎ ‎29.A.Grace went to bed after she finished doing her homework.‎ ‎ B. Grace ____________ _________ to bed ___________ she finished her homework.‎ ‎30.A. Lucy went to the cinema, John went to the cinema, too.‎ ‎ B. _________ _________ Lucy __________ __________ John went to the cinema.‎ ‎31.A. You can go there by ship or you may go there by plane.‎ ‎ B. You may go there _________ by ship __________ by plane.‎ ‎32.A. In the place one can’t stand up and one can’t lie down either.‎ ‎ B. In the place one __________ ___________ stand up ____________ lie down.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 七、主动语态与被动语态的转换 e.g. Father made his children work hard every day.‎ ‎= The children were made to work hard every day.‎ 此类题目要注意时态的一致，主语和谓语在数上的一致，短语的完整性。特别注意有些主动语态中生的省to 不定时改为被动语态后要还原不定时符号to.‎ Exercises：‎ ‎33.A. The student were asked to finished their homework in class by the teacher.‎ ‎ B. The teacher __________ __________ ________ finish their homework in class.‎ ‎34.A. We must look after old people well.‎ ‎ B. Old people ___________ _________ __________ ________ well.‎ ‎35.A. People built this bridge 1500 years ago.‎ ‎ B. This bridge _________ ___________ 1500 years ago.‎ ‎36.A. People grow rice in southern China.‎ ‎ B. Rice _______ ___________ in southern China.‎ ‎37.A. A large number of people speak English in the world.‎ ‎ B. English __________ ____________ ________ many people in the world.‎ ‎ ‎ 八、动作动词与状态动词的相互转换 e.g. I borrowed this book from the school library three weeks ago.‎ ‎ = I have kept this library book for three weeks.‎ ‎ 此类题目既要要求对一些动作动词（常是瞬间动词）相关的状态动词（常是非延续动词）很熟悉，还要注意时态的变化，通常是一般现在时变为现在完成时。特别注意瞬间动词不能与表示一段的时间状语联用；有些句子在变化时主语要作一定的调整。‎ Exercises:‎ ‎38.A. The young man has been in the army for four years.‎ ‎ B. The young man ___________ the army four years _________.‎ C. __________ two years ___________ the young man ________ the army .‎ ‎39.A. His uncle bought the new house two and a half years ago.‎ ‎ B. His uncle ___________ __________ the new house for ________ ________ and ______ _________.‎ ‎40.A. It’s about ten minutes since he left the room.‎ ‎ B. He ________ the room ten minutes __________.‎ ‎ C. He ________ __________ ___________ ___________ the room for about ten minutes.‎ ‎41.A. I closed the window two minutes ago.‎ B. The window __________ ___________ ____________ for two minutes.‎ ‎42.A. He became an English teacher 15 years ago.‎ ‎ B. He ________ ____________ an English __________ 15 years ago.‎ C. He __________ __________ English for 15 years.‎ ‎ D. It ________ ____________ 15 years ____________ he started teaching English 15 years ago.‎ ‎ ‎ 九、宾语从句与动词不定式之间的转换 e.g. Please tell me how I can get to the nearest post office.‎ ‎ = Could you tell me how to get to the nearest post office?‎ ‎ 此类题目要求学生明白疑问词与动词不定时连用的含义，构成不定时结构如：‎ how to…,when to…, what to…, where to…等。还要注意一些含动词不定式的短语，‎ 如：ask sb.(not) to do sth., tell sb. (not) to do sth.等。‎ Exercises:‎ ‎43.A. Our teacher told him that he shouldn’t be late the next time.‎ ‎ B. Our teacher told him __________ __________ _________ late the next time.‎ ‎44A. They are thinking of what they should do next.‎ B. They are thinking of ___________ ________ ____________ next.‎ ‎45.A. Can you let me know when they will start?‎ ‎ B. Could you please tell me __________ __________ ___________?‎ ‎46A. They piled the snow in one place so that they could make a snowman.‎ ‎ B. They piled the snow in one place _________ __________ _______ make a snowman.‎ ‎ ‎ 十、直接引语和间接引语间的转换 e.g. 1.“Listen carefully, Jack.” Said the Math teacher.‎ ‎ = The math teacher ___________ Jack __________ __________ carefully.‎ ‎ 2. “What does your feather do?” Mrs. Yang asked .‎ ‎ = Mrs. Yang asked him ___________ _________ father ___________.‎ 此类题目要注意陈述语序和疑问语序间的转换、时态的变化、人称代词的变化、物主代词的变化，以及一些时间、地点甚至指示代词的变化。‎ Exercises:‎ ‎47.A. “Don’t look out of the window, Lin Xiang.” Mr. Wu said angrily.‎ ‎ B. Mr. Wu __________ Lin Xiang ___________ __________ look out of the window.‎ ‎48.A. “ What are you doing here in the classroom?” he asked.‎ ‎ B. He asked me ___________ _________ __________ _________ __________ in the classroom.‎ ‎49.A. “The sun is much bigger than the earth.” Mother told me .‎ ‎ B. Mother told me ________ the sun ___________ much bigger than the earth.‎ ‎50.A. “What are you doing now? father asked.‎ ‎ B. Father asked her what ________ _________ _________ _________.‎ ‎51. A. “Do you like English best?” our Chinese teacher asked.‎ ‎ B. Our Chinese teacher asks Julie _________ ________ _________ English best.‎ ‎ ‎ 十一、含形容词的短语和含副词的短语间的转换 e.g. The rain was heavy last night.‎ ‎ = It rained heavily last night.‎ ‎ 此类题目关键就是理解句子含义，灵活地运用相关的不同词性的词或短语。‎ Exercises:‎ ‎52. A. Bruce has breakfast quickly and then goes to school.‎ ‎ B. Bruce has _________ ___________ breakfast and then he goes to school.‎ ‎53.A. The wind is very strong outside.‎ ‎ B. It is ______________ _______________ outside.‎ ‎54.A. The problems are easy for him to work out.‎ ‎ B. He can work out the problems ___________.‎ ‎ ‎ 十二、陈述句与感叹句及两种形式感叹句间的转换 e.g. The boy drew a very beautiful flower.‎ ‎ = How beautiful a flower the boy drew1‎ ‎ = What a beautiful flower the boy drew!‎ ‎ 此类题目要求学生能够完全掌握what和how引导的感叹句的构成，并能灵活运用。‎ Exercises:‎ ‎55.A. What a strong wind it is!‎ ‎ B. ____________ ___________ the wind ________ _____________!‎ ‎56.A. How interesting the English lesson is!‎ ‎ B. _____________ -__________ interesting English lesson it is!‎ ‎57.A. She is quite a clever girl.‎ ‎ B. _________ ___________ the girl is!‎ ‎ C. __________ -_______ __________ girl she is!‎ ‎ ‎ 十三、形容词、副词三种等级之间的转换 e.g. Henry is taller than the other students in our class.‎ ‎ = Henry is the tallest student in our class.‎ ‎ 此类题目需要学生能够熟悉形容词、副词的构成规律，能够灵活运用一些有关形容词和副词比较等级的句型结构，如：（1）more and more…,（2） the +比较级+of the two …; （3）The +比较级…, the +(另一词)比较级…。 特别要清楚表示最高级范围的结构，如：（1）in+组织/单位，（2）of +与主语同类别的人或物。表示排除主语的结构，如：（10）the other +名词复数；（2）any other +名词单数。表示相同性质比较的结构，as+形容词/副词（原级）+as; not as/so …as….。解题时注意交换句子主语，用反义词进行改写；或者用比较级表示最高级含义。‎ Exercises:‎ ‎58.A. He is the best at English of all the students in his class.‎ ‎ B. _____________ ___________ is___________ at English than he.‎ ‎59.A. Joe is shorter than any other student in his class.‎ ‎ B. Joe is __________ ____________ ____________ all the students in the class.‎ ‎ C. ______________ else is taller than Joe in the class.‎ ‎ D. _____________ else is _______ short _________ Joe in the class.‎ ‎60.A. Tiger Woods plays golf best of all the three golfers.‎ ‎ B. Tiger Woods plays golf ________ ___________ __________ ________ ________ golfers.‎ ‎61.A. The sun is much bigger than the earth.‎ ‎ B. The earth is much __________ than the sun.‎ ‎62.A. Light travels faster than sound.‎ ‎ B. Sound travels __________ ___________ than light.‎ ‎ C. Sound __________ travel _________ __________ _________ light.‎ ‎63.A. English is more popular than French.‎ ‎ B. French is ___________ __________ than English ‎64.A. The Changjiang River is the longest of all the rivers in China.‎ ‎ B. The Changjinag River is _________ than ___________ _________ river in China.‎ ‎65.This story isn’t as interesting as that one.‎ ‎ B. This story is __________ interesting than that one.‎ ‎ C. That story is __________ interesting than this story.‎ ‎ ‎ 十四、“祈使句+and/or …”结构与if 条件状语从句间的转换 e.g. If you run a little faster, you’ll catch up with your classmates.‎ ‎ = Run faster, and you’ll catch up with your classmates.‎ ‎ 此类题目要注意句子的肯定与否定，正确使用and 和or。‎ Exercises:‎ ‎66.A. Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.‎ ‎ B. _______ you _________ hurry up, you won’t get to school ________ _________.‎ ‎67.A. Be more careful, and you can get better grades next time.‎ ‎ B. _______ you _________ more careful, you can get better grades next time.‎ ‎ ‎ 十五、形式主语/宾语it和不定式主语/宾语及从句、动名词间的转换 e.g. Talking to you is nice.‎ ‎ = It’s nice talking to you.‎ Exercises:‎ ‎68.A. To learn English well is not easy.‎ ‎ B. _________ _________ easy _________ learn English well.‎ ‎69.A. That he didn’t come worries us all.‎ ‎ B. _______ worries all of us _________ he didn’t come ‎ ‎ 十六、其它形式 e.g. What’s wrong with your mother?‎ ‎ = What’s the matter with your mother?‎ Exercises:‎ ‎70.A. What subject do you like best?‎ ‎ B. ___________ your ____________ subject?‎ ‎71.A. What does his uncle do?‎ ‎ B. ___________ his uncle?‎ ‎ C. What’s his ____________ ____________?‎ ‎72.A. Cab I help you?‎ ‎ B. ________ can I ________ __________ you?‎ ‎73.A. How many people are there in the country?‎ ‎ B. ______________ the ______________ of the country?‎ ‎74.A. What the meaning of this word、‎ ‎ B. What does this word ___________?‎ ‎75.A. Ted has so much money that he can buy a very big house.‎ ‎ B. Ted ________ _________ ________ _______ buy a very big house.‎ ‎ C. Ted _______ _________ ________ buy a big house.‎ ‎ ‎ 当然，这里只是对同义句转换题作一个方法上的讨论，以期起到“抛砖引玉”的作用。要真正能够做对这类题型，还要同学们在平时下苦功夫，多研究，多总结，多记忆。‎ ‎ ‎ 附答案：‎ ‎1.having, fun/ enjoying, themselves; at, the ,moment 2.It ,took, half, an ,hour ,to; ‎ ‎3.no time, began/started ,to; 4.How ,like; 5.nothing, but 6.wrong; ‎ ‎7.difficulty, solving; 8.as soon ,as ;9.In, my, opinion, ugly; 10.None, of ,difficult; 11.found, nothing ; 12.walks, to 13.cleaned ,with; 14.takes, by; 15.don’t, likes; 16.so, that, can’t; old ,enough ,to; 17.without ,any; 18.It ,seemed, he; ‎ ‎19.too ,for ,to, isn’t, easy, enough; 20.without, your, help, unless, give, a, hand; ‎ ‎21.can, easily, It’s, for, to; 22.because, of, illness; 23.made, decision; ‎ ‎24.Could, have, discussion; 25.succeeds, acting; 26.were, surprised, at; ‎ ‎27.made, interested; 28.Neither, nor, can, Neither, of, can; either;‎ ‎29.didn’t, go, until/before; 30.Not, only, but, also; 31.either, or; 32.can, neither, nor; 33.asked, them, to; 34.must, be, looked, after; 35.was, built; 36.is, grown; 37.is, spoken; 38.joined, ago; It’s, since, joined; 39.has, had, two, years, a, half; ‎ ‎40.left, ago, has, been, away, from; 41.has, been, closed; 42.has, been, since; has, taught;‎ has, been, since; 43.not, to, be; 44.what, to, do; 45.when, to, start; ‎ ‎46.in, order, to/ so, as, to; 47.asked, not, to; 48.what, I, was, doing, there; 49.that, is; 50.she, was, doing, then; 51.if/wether, she, likes; 52.a, quick; 53.blowing, strongly; 54.easily; 55.How, strongly, is, blowing; 56.What, an, 57.How, clever; What, a, clever; 58.Nobody, else, better 59.the, shortest, of; Everyone/Everybody, Nobody, as/so, as; 60.better, than, the, other, two; 61.smaller; 62.more, slowly; doesn’t, as/so, fast, as; ‎ ‎63.less, popular; 64.longer, any, other; 65.less; more; 66.If, don’t, on, time; 67.If, are, 68.It, isn’t/ It’s, not, to; 69.It, that; 70.What’s, favorite; 71.What’s, uncle’s, job; 72.What, do, for; 73.What’s population; 74.mean; 75.is, rich, enough, to; can, afford, to