北京中考英语真题阅读理解CD篇答题技巧及答案解析 4页

‎2019年北京中考英语真题阅读理解解析CD篇 C Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn’t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological（心理学的） processes behind our different experiences of time，we might be able to slow down time a little.‎ One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed (接触) to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.‎ It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar（熟悉）. We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.‎ How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.‎ Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand（增加） our experience of time.‎ Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.‎ To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It's possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.‎ ‎27. According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by______.‎ A. going to bed on time ‎ B. traveling to new places ‎ C. having dinner as usual ‎ D. printing the same materials 解析：第五段最后一句对应本题的问题，而该句子中的“This”就是本题的答案。This是代词，指代前面所说的new challenges, meet new people等，突出强调“new”。所以选择B。同时，也可以从全文主旨上去印证，本文通篇讲的是新的经历可以放慢时间感，重复的经历会加速时间感。‎ ‎28. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.‎ B. Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.‎ C. We can take in more information by living through our senses. ‎ D. We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.‎ 解析：从第六段第二句判断，在阅读过程中，遇到“转折、因果、最高级、解释、重复”等，都可能是考点，需要格外注意。“this means”解释了前面的内容，是解释重复，是重点需要仔细阅读的。‎ ‎29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Slow Down Time ‎ B. Only Time Will Tell C. Race Against Time ‎ D. Time Will Not Come Twice 解析：从第四段设问句可以知道，本篇文章提出了两点关于如何让时间放慢脚步的建议，所以选与让时间变慢的选项A。‎ D How Much Can We Afford to Forget?‎ In 2018. Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access (获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it ‎ around in their heads?‎ Civilizations (文明) develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural (农业的) Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?‎ Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases（偏见）, and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process. In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.‎ Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we know all along.‎ In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being(健康) depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.‎ We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills. As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they’re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.‎ ‎30. Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?‎ A. Because they go off course in testing and scoring. ‎ B. Because we control the training process on them. ‎ C. Because we offer them too much information. ‎ D. Because they overuse the provided answers.‎ 解析：本题从题目关键词“biases”定位第三段第二句，后面第三句的内容是答案。各位考生在做题过程中一定要注意段落中有“but”或中文的句子，很可能是考点。‎ ‎31. The ease of accessing information from the Internet ______.‎ A. frees us from making efforts to learn new skills.‎ B. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed. ‎ C. misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge. ‎ D. separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines.‎ 解析：本题从题目关键词“Internet”定位第四段倒数第二句，后面的内容是答案。本题进一步印证在做题过程中一定要注意段落中有“but”的句子。‎ ‎32. The word “collapse” in Paragraph 5 probably means “______”.‎ A. a sudden failure B. the basic rule ‎ C. a disappointing start D. the gradual development 解析：猜词题要从生词所在句的前后句子进行分析，从前后句子中的harm和terrible分析出是不好结果，所以从AC中选，带入原句结合含义选A。‎ ‎33. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?‎ A. To question about the standards of information storage. ‎ B. To discuss our problems of communication with machines. ‎ C. To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability. ‎ D. To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.‎ 解析：全文主旨题，从上述三题对应的关键句可以了解作者在提醒我们不要过度依赖机器。尤其在倒数第二段，but句后反复强调了对机器依赖的负面后果。对于全文主旨题，通常可以从全文第一段、最后一段以及关键题目综合分析得出。‎