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备战2011中考英语总复习资料代词答案

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备战2010中考英语总复习资料 代词 ‎ ‎1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。‎ ‎2、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。‎ 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 主 格 I ‎(我)‎ you (你)‎ he ‎(他)‎ she ‎(她)‎ it ‎(它)‎ we ‎(我们)‎ you ‎(你们)‎ they (他们,她们,它们)‎ 宾 格 me ‎(我)‎ you (你)‎ him ‎(他)‎ her ‎(她)‎ it ‎(她)‎ us ‎(我们)‎ you ‎(你们)‎ them (他们,她们,它们)‎ ‎1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如: I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗?) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了?) / That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他!)‎ ‎2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)‎ ‎3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如:--Who is it?(是谁?) –It’s I/me.‎(是我。)‎ 4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如:‎ Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?) –You and me.‎(你和我)‎ 5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如:--What’s the weather like today?—It’s fine. / --What’s the time? –It’s 12:00. / It’s a long way to go. / It took him three days to clean his house. / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space./ We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.‎ ‎3、物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。‎ 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复 数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 形容 词性 my ‎(我的)‎ your ‎(你的)‎ his ‎(他的)‎ her ‎(她的)‎ its ‎(它的)‎ our ‎(我们的)‎ your ‎(你们的)‎ their (他们的,她们的,它们的)‎ 名词 性 mine ‎(我的)‎ Yours ‎(你的)‎ his ‎(他的)‎ hers ‎(她的)‎ its ‎(她的)‎ ours ‎(我们的)‎ yours ‎(你们的)‎ theirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)‎ ‎1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如:‎ Is that your umbrella? / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. / They are their books.‎ ‎2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如:‎ This is your cup,but where is mine? / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.‎ ‎3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如:‎ A friend of mine came to see me yesterday. [试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday. (指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)‎ ‎4、反身代词:表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。‎ 第一人 称单数 第二人 称单数 第三人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 阳性 阴性 中性 myself ‎(我自己)‎ yourself ‎(你自己)‎ himself ‎(他自己)‎ herself ‎(她自己)‎ itself ‎(它自己)‎ ourselves ‎(我们自己)‎ yourselves ‎(你们自己)‎ themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)‎ ‎1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如:‎ Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.‎ ‎2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如:‎ The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.‎ 4、 指示代词: 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。‎ 单数 复数 含义 this(这个)‎ these(这些)‎ 指较近的人和物 that(那个)‎ those(那些)‎ 指较远的人和物 such (这样的人/物)‎ 指上文提过的人和物 same (同样的人/物)‎ 指和上文提过的相同的人和物 it (这人/这物)‎ 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如:‎ What’s this? / That model plane is made of plastic. (被动句) / Remember never to do such things. / Do the same as the teacher tells you. / ---Who is it? ---It’s me!‎ ‎6、关系代词:用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。‎ ‎1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。 ‎ 如:The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.‎ ‎2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:‎ Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? ‎ ‎3、关系代词which 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?‎ ‎4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?‎ ‎7、连接代词:用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。‎ ‎ 英语中连接代词主要有:what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。详见相应从句。‎ ‎8、不定代词:代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。‎ 单数 含义 some any no none ‎/‎ ‎/‎ each ‎(every)‎ one either,‎ neither so the other,‎ another 复合不 定代词 不可数 含义 much little,‎ a little all ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ ‎/‎ 复数 含义 many few,‎ a few ones both others,‎ the others ※ 注:复合不定代词有12个:something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything ‎(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). ‎ ‎(1)some和 any 的用法:‎ some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:I have some work to do today. / They will go there some day. ‎ some 用于疑问句时,表建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如:Would you like some coffee with sugar?‎ any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如:They didn’t have any friends here. / Have you got any questions to ask?‎ any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.‎ ‎(2)no和none的用法:‎ no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如:There is no time left. Please hurry up. / They had no reading books to lend.‎ none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。如:None of them is/are in the classroom)/ I have many books, but none is interesting. ‎ ‎(3)all和both的用法:‎ all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。‎ both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如:I know all of the four British students in their school. / --Would you like this one or that one? –Both.‎ all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如:All (of) (the) boys are naughty.‎ ‎(4)every和each用法:‎ every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念;‎ each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念;each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前 every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如:Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) ‎ ‎(5)either和neither的用法:‎ either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”;neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。‎ neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如:I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. / --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.‎ ‎(6)other、the other和another的用法:‎ other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如:‎ ‎ Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking./ You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one? / I want another four books.‎ another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other ‎,在原先基础上增加用another。如: This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.‎ others与the others的主要区别:others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分);the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如:A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them./ Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.‎ ‎(7)many和much的用法:‎ many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用;much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如:I don’t have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多) ‎ ‎ many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如: There are a lot of people on the playground./ They haven’t got much work to do. / There are too many people in the room.‎ ‎(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法:‎ few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ;few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如:‎ He is very poor and he has little money. / Don’t worry. There is still a little time left./ In that polar region there live few people. / You can get a few sweets from him.‎ ‎(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。‎ somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如:Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door. /Di d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?/He has nothing much to do today.‎ ‎ (10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which等。如: Which jacket would you like, this one or that one? / I don’t like the green ones.‎ ‎ (11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如: I don’t think so. / He lost a book. So did ‎I.‎ ‎ (12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别:五个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many;plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。‎ 如:A lot of people think that time is money. / I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time. / I have a number of letters to write today. / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.‎ ‎ (13)none、no one、nobody的区别:no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式;none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如:No one knows how he managed to get the ticket. / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday. / None of my friends came to see me that day.‎ ‎9、相互代词:表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。‎ each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之间,而one anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。如: We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / ‎ each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。)‎ ‎10、疑问代词:用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。‎ ‎1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如:‎ Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party? / What does she want to be when she grows up?‎ ‎2、who 和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语;而what、which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如: Who is that man? / What colour are their hats? / Which car was made in Germany?(被动句) ‎ 注意这个提问:The man in the car is my father.→Which man is your father?‎ ‎3、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。如:People there live a very sad life.→Which people live a sad life? / --Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?—The biggest one in Haikou.‎ ‎4、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数;如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。如:Who is (are) in that playhouse? / What is that? / What are those? / What colours do they have?‎ ‎(二) 正误辨析 ‎[误]Tom's mother is taller than my.‎ ‎[正]Tom's mother is taller than mine.‎ ‎[析]形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如:my book,而这句话的意思是:汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是my mother,也就是mine。‎ ‎[误]We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.‎ ‎[正]We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.‎ ‎[析]在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework, 所以应用it。‎ ‎[误]He and you should go to the library to return the books.‎ ‎[正]You and he should go to the library to return the books.‎ ‎[析]这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you, he, she, I,而复数时为we, you, they:如男女并列时,应先男后女,如:He and she …如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,I, he, she, you, 复数时用They, you, we, 如:Tom and I are good friends.‎ You, he and I must go to play the game for our team this afternoon.‎ We, you and they have been there before.‎ I, he and you have to pay for it.‎ ‎[误]He or his brother is doing their homework.‎ ‎[正]He or his brother is doing his homework.‎ ‎[析]由either…or, neither…nor, or 连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如:Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.如是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如:The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.‎ ‎[误]His brother is taller than him.‎ ‎[正]His brother is taller than he.‎ ‎[析]than是连词,其后应视为省略句,than he is.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。‎ I like you as much as she.‎ ‎[正]I like you as much as her.‎ ‎[析]as…as 其后也应看作是省略句。应为as I like her.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。‎ ‎[误]Myself did it yesterday.‎ ‎[正]I myself did it yesterday.‎ ‎[正]I did it myself yesterday.‎ ‎[析]反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语。 ‎[误]Take care of ourselves.‎ ‎[正]Take care of yourselves .(yourself)‎ ‎[析]祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.‎ ‎[误]Please bring your daughter with yourself.‎ ‎[正]Please bring your daughter with you.‎ ‎[析]反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如: The old woman spoke to herself.‎ ‎[误]Make yourself home.‎ ‎[正]Make yourself at home.‎ ‎[析]这是英语中的习惯用法,意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有: enjoy oneself 玩得开心make yourself at home 像在家中一样 help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路 seat oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣 ‎[误]— Who's this speaking.— That's Mary.‎ ‎[正]— Who's that speaking.— This is Mary.‎ ‎[析]在电话用语中,this指讲话人自己,而that指对方。‎ ‎[误]The days in summer are longer than this in winter.‎ ‎[正]The days in summer are longer than those in winter.‎ ‎[析]在比较句中往往为了避免重复,可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物,如是单数时用that,复数时用those,如:The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.‎ ‎[误]It is so a good book that everyone likes to read.‎ ‎[正]It is such a good book that everyone likes to read.‎ ‎[正]It is so good a book that everyone likes to read.‎ ‎[析]在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句,也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时,只用such, 如:It is such good weather that I want to go swimming. They are such good books that I want to buy them all.在many, much, few, little这4个词前仅能用so,如: She has so much money that she can buy everything she wants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时,则不能用such,如:She is so sweet that everyone likes her.‎ ‎[误]I want to buy a same dictionary as yours.‎ ‎[正]I want to buy the same dictionary as yours.‎ ‎[析]same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有all the same(仍然)。‎ ‎[误]— I hope she might pass the exam.— I don't hope so.‎ ‎[正]— I hope she might pass the exam.— I hope not.‎ ‎[析]在作肯定回答时,I think so. I hope so. I believe so.但作否定回答时为:I don't think so. I hope/believe not.‎ ‎[误]— He studied very hard this term.— So she did.‎ ‎[正]— He studied very hard this term.— So did she.‎ ‎[误]— English is difficult to learn.— So is it.‎ ‎[正]— English is difficult to learn.— So it is.‎ ‎[析]在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语,这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句,即studied hard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复,即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为:英语难学。答语为:是的,难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。‎ ‎[误]Everyone should do one's best.‎ ‎[正]Everyone should do his best.‎ ‎[析]one作代词时,它的复数形式是ones,所有格形式是one's,反身代词为oneself.如果讲One should do one's best.则是对句。如果one与别的词组成其他词,如: someone, anyone, everyone或only one 则要用his/her,来作其所有格形式。‎ ‎[误]— Who won the game?— None.‎ ‎[正]— Who won the game?— No one.‎ ‎[析]由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是no one,而由How many提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如:How many books are there? None.‎ ‎[误]There are many trees on either sides of the street.‎ ‎[正]There are many trees on either side of the street.‎ ‎[正]There are many trees on both sides of the street.‎ ‎[析]either作代词时由两个含意,其一是两者中随便哪一个,如:You can take either.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词,如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。‎ ‎[误]Either you or I are right.‎ ‎[正]Either you or I am right.‎ ‎[析]在either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。‎ ‎[误]I have three sisters. Neither of them is a doctor.‎ ‎[正]I have three sisters. None of them is a doctor.‎ ‎[析]neither用于两者中无一是,而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。‎ ‎[误]He doesn't like Beijing opera. I don't like too.‎ ‎[正]He doesn't like Beijing opera, I don't like either.‎ ‎[析]either作为“也”讲时,要用于否定句中,而too则用于肯定句中。‎ ‎[误]We like both this little boy.‎ ‎[正]We both like this little boy.‎ ‎[析]both作同位语时,它在句中的位置有:在be动词之后,如:We are both students.在实意动词之前,如:The parents both want to go to the cinema.用于第一助动词之后,如:We have both read these English novels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意:Both of us are not right.应译为:我们俩不都对。Neither of us is right.才应译为:我俩都不对。又如:I can't give you both of the books.意为:两本书我不能全给你,而I can't give you either of the books.才为:两本书我全不能给你。‎ ‎[误]We each has a ticket for the concert.‎ ‎[正]We each have a ticket for the concert.‎ ‎[析]each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式,如:Each of us wants to learn English well,但each作同位语时,则应以原名词的数为准。‎ ‎[误]Every of us has to pass the exam.‎ ‎[正]Each of us has to pass the exam.‎ ‎[析]every只可作形容词,不可作代词,而each既可作形容词,又可作代词,在作形容词时each侧重强调个体,而every 则侧重于全体。‎ ‎[误]Everyone of us should do housework two hours a day.‎ ‎[正]Every one of us should do housework two hours a day.‎ ‎[析]everyone不可与of结构相连接使用,而every one则可以这样用。‎ ‎[误]I should read English everyday.‎ ‎[正]I should read English every day.‎ ‎[析]要注意的是every day是“每天”,而everyday则是形容词为“日常的”。如:everyday English日常英语,everyday life日常生活。‎ ‎[误]There are trees on every sides of the street.‎ ‎[正]There are trees on each side of the street. ‎ ‎[析]every用于三者或三者以上的每一个,而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧,所以只能用each而不能用every.‎ ‎[误]All my parents are engineers.‎ ‎[正]Both my parents are engineers.‎ ‎[析]all用于三者或三者以上的全部,而both 则用于两者的全部。‎ ‎[误]All of students might make some mistakes.‎ ‎[正]All of the students might make some mistakes.‎ ‎[正]All students might make some mistakes.‎ ‎[析]非特指的名词前可用all但不可用all of结构,也就是讲all of结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有:‎ all the year round, all week, all day, all winter ‎[误]The all village was flooded.‎ ‎[正]All the village was flooded.‎ ‎[析]all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。‎ ‎[误]The post office is on other side of the street.‎ ‎[正]The post office is on the other side of the street.‎ ‎[析]单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用the other,因街道只有两边,而不在这边必定是在另一边,所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。‎ ‎  单数 复数 ‎ 泛指 another形容词 作定语 作名词 ‎ another代词 other others ‎ 特指 the other形容词 ‎ the other代词 ‎ ‎ the other the others ‎ ‎[误]There are ten students here Where are the others students?‎ ‎[正]There are ten students here.Where are the others?‎ ‎[正]There are ten students here Where are the other students?‎ ‎[析]the others=the other students.‎ ‎[误]The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, another is a doctor.‎ ‎[正]The old man has two sons. One is a teacher, the other is a doctor.‎ ‎[析]another用于泛指,如:Is it far from here to the station?I'm sorry. I have no idea. One may say it is quite near; another may say it is far from here.但在特指时则要用the other.它可以用作定语,the other one,也可以用作代词the other,但the other用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时,则要用one…another…the other.或者one…a second…the third…‎ ‎[误]Some people like sports. The others like reading.‎ ‎[正]Some people like sports. Others like reading.‎ ‎[析]在泛指的复数名词前用some…others…others…来表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。‎ ‎[误]Please remember to water the flowers each other day.‎ ‎[正]Please remember to water the flowers every other day.‎ ‎[析]every other day为每隔一天。是习惯用法,不要随意改动。又如:on the other hand另一方面。‎ ‎[误]Many know him, but few likes him.‎ ‎[正]Many know him, but few like him.‎ ‎[析]few用于可数名词,意为几乎没有,但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式,而a few为有一些。‎ ‎[误]You have few friends, haven't you?‎ ‎[正]You have few friends, have you?‎ ‎[析]little与few用于句中时,均要按否定句看待。‎ ‎[误]Much of what you said are true.‎ ‎[正]Much of what you said is true.‎ ‎[析]much用于不可数名词,作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词,它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。‎ ‎[误]This room is enough large for the students to live in.‎ ‎[正]This room is large enough for the students to live in.‎ ‎[析]enough 可以用作代词,如:There is enough of the food. 又如:Enough has been done for the work,但enough 还可以作形容词来修饰名词,这时enough可以放在名词之前,也可放在名词之后,如:money enough 与enough money都是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容词时,则只能置于形容词之后了。‎ ‎[误]I want any books to read. Do you have any?‎ ‎[正]I want some books to read. Do you have any?‎ ‎[析]按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句,而some用于肯定句。‎ ‎[误]Would you like any thing to drink?‎ ‎[正]Would you like something to drink?‎ ‎[析]在由would you like发出的问句中,表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料,或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时,在疑问句中要用some而不用any。‎ ‎[误]Someone want to meet you.‎ ‎[正]Someone wants to meet you.‎ ‎[析]不定代词应被看作单数,即使用and连接两个不定代词,也要看作单数,如:Anyone and everyone has the right. 任何人,每一个人都有这样的权力。‎ ‎[误]New York is much colder in winter than before.‎ ‎[正]It is much colder in New York in winter than before.‎ ‎[析]it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象,或用在句中作形式主语或宾语,如:‎ It is ten o'clock now. (代时间)It is far from here to the airport. (代距离)It is very hot.(代天气)‎ It is very difficult to learn English well. (作形式主语)We found it very difficult to answer the question. (作形式宾语)‎ ‎[误]Be careful. Don't drink too many.‎ ‎[正]Be careful. Don't drink too much.‎ ‎[析]这里much所代的应是饮料或水,所以应为不可数名词。 ‎ ‎(三) 例题解析 ‎1 These are ___books. Yours are over there.‎ A I B my C me D mine ‎[析]这里应用形容词性物主代词。 ‎2 —___ is she?‎ ‎— She is a teacher.‎ A What B How C Who D Where ‎[析]这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立,但其意义不同。What is she?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而How is she?应译为“她身体如何?”而Who is she?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Where is she?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。‎ ‎3___ is wrong with my watch. It has stopped___.‎ A Something, working B Something, to work C Any thing, working D Anything, to work ‎[析]因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了,则stop后要用动名词。‎ ‎4 Mary, help ___to the bananas, please.‎ A you B your C yourself D yourselves ‎[析]help oneself to something为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”,而yourselves为“你们”。‎ ‎5 —___ do you go to school every day?‎ ‎— By bus.‎ A How B Why C When D Where ‎[析]这题的答案是由问句决定的。 ‎6 My skirt is___ popular than___.‎ A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers ‎[析]因句中有than,所以应选用比较级,而than后要选用名词性物主代词。‎ ‎7 — Can you speak English?‎ ‎— Yes, but only___.‎ A few B a few C little D a little ‎[析]因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可数名词对待,此答语为:是的,但仅仅会讲一点。‎ ‎8 Mr. Smith is an old friend of___.‎ A I B me C my D mine ‎[析]这里应选名词性物主代词,这也是英语的一种习惯用法,而不要选择my。‎ ‎9 “ ___do you hear from your parents?”‎ ‎“About once a month.”‎ A How long B How many C How often D How much ‎[析]How often问的是某一动作发生的频率,即在单位时间内发生多少次。‎ ‎10 Mr Green wouldn't say ___at the meeting.‎ A everything B nothing C anything D something ‎[析]在否定句中应用anything ‎11 “Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her ___to eat.”‎ ‎“Good idea!”‎ A anything nice B nice anything C something nice D nice something ‎[析]肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。‎ ‎12 — When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?‎ ‎— I don't mind. ___time is OK.‎ A Some B Neither C Either D Both ‎[析]因如选用both则名词要用复数名词,也要用复数谓语动词,由于答语前有I don't mind 则决定不能选择neither.‎ ‎13 This is not her kite, but___.‎ A he's B him C he D his ‎[析]要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。 ‎14 Don't worry, Mum! ___ news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon.‎ A No B Many C Those D Two ‎[析]这是一条谚语,即没有消息就是好消息。 ‎ ‎15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has ___apples than he.‎ A few B many C more D fewer ‎[析]由于是比较级,根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。 ‎ ‎16 There isn't ___in today's newspaper.‎ A anything interesting B something interesting C nothing interesting D interesting anything ‎[析]由于句子是否定句,应选择anything,而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。‎ ‎17 September 10th is___ Day?‎ A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers'‎ ‎[析]教师节Teachers' Day,儿童节 Children's Day, 妇女节 Women's Day ‎18 — In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country?‎ ‎—___ ‎ A So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do. ‎[析]在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时,则要采用倒装句,但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。 ‎19 — Shall we go into that shop and have a look?‎ ‎— Sorry. I won't. I have ___to do there.‎ A everything B anything C something D nothing ‎[析]这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。 ‎20— Oh, dear! Who broke the glass?‎ ‎—___ Sam ___Bruce. It was the cat.‎ A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or ‎[析]neither…nor意为既不……也不……‎ ‎21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.___are climbing the hill.‎ A Others B Other C Another D The other ‎[析]这里因为是代替复数名词,所以应用名词性的复数代名词。 ‎22 She is not a nurse. I'm not___.‎ A also B either C neither D too ‎[析]在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.‎ ‎23 I have two pencils. One is red,___ is blue.‎ A the other B another C others D the others ‎[析]两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词,而the others是特指复数代名词。‎ ‎24 Sorry, I can't answer your question.‎ I know ___about the subject.‎ A little B a little C few D a few ‎[析]中文讲我对此知道的不多,而英文中要用little。其含意为否定句。‎ ‎25 My sister doesn't like skating___. ‎ A So do I B So I don't C Neither I don't D Neither do I ‎[析]这是表达上面否定句中的动作,也同样不适合 于第二个人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句。‎ ‎26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,___.‎ A you, he and I B I, you and he C he, I and you D you, I and he ‎[析]这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。 ‎27 All the students are busy, so___of them will go to the concert.‎ A many B little C a few D few ‎[析]student为可数名词。‎ ‎28 The teacher gave ___student a new book.‎ A nobody B both C each D any ‎[析]both其后的名词应为复数,而any用于疑问句和否定句中只有each可以修饰单数可数名词。‎ ‎29 Black is neither a teacher ___a worker.‎ A or B either C nor D and ‎[析]neither…nor为“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。‎ ‎30 Our teacher gave us___on studying.‎ A many advices B some advices C an advice D some advice ‎[析]advice为不可数名词。some可用于可数或不可数名词之前。‎ ‎31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One ___is from Japan, is from America.‎ A other B others C the other D the others ‎[析]因为是两者中的一个,所以另一个应用单数特指代词。 ‎32 Are there ___on the table?‎ A some cups B any cup C some cup D any cups ‎[析]此句是疑问句,应用any cups, 因提问时的be动词用的是are。‎ ‎33 I've just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, ___are American stamps.‎ A the other B the others C other D others ‎[析]此空应填入主语。又因其范围已定,所以应选特指的代名词。the other只能用作单数,而others是泛指复数代名词,故只能选B。‎ ‎34 It was___ fine day that they went to the park.‎ A a so B so a C such a D a such ‎[析]在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法,即such+不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数形式,如:such a good day,或者用so加形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数,如:so good a day.‎ ‎35 At that time the train was slow and noisy. So___people liked taking trains.‎ A little B a little C few D a few ‎[析]这是英文的表达法与中文不同之处。中文讲只有少数人喜欢坐火车,英文要选用“few”。‎ ‎36 We must help and understand each___.‎ A other B another C others D the other ‎[析]each other意为“互相”,是习惯用语。‎ ‎37 ___is difficult to walk on the moon.‎ A Man B One C That D It ‎[析]这里的真正主语应为不定式to walk on the moon.而形式主语只能用it.‎ ‎38 Jane has sent several letters, but ___of them have been answered.‎ A all B both C either D none ‎[析]several letters意为“若干信件”,应看作多于两者,则在A、D中作选择,仅D符合句意。‎ ‎39 I don't know ___about the new headmaster.‎ A something B everything C nothing D anything ‎[析]否定句中应用anything.‎ ‎40___ of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.‎ A No B None C Not D Neither