中考考点被动语态 4页

The Passive Voice 被动语态 (中考链接) ‎ 教学目标：‎ 通过对被动语态的复习，让学生了解被动语态使用的场合，熟练掌握其结构以及不同时态和一些特殊结构的被动语态，进而将学过的知识系统化。‎ 教学重点：‎ ‎1．被动语态的结构：be + V-ed ‎2．各种时态的被动语态（时态变化体现在be动词上）‎ 教学难点：‎ ‎1．一些特殊结构的被动语态（双宾语、不带to的动词不定式的被动语态）‎ ‎2．不使用被动语态的场合 教学步骤：‎ Step1 Lead-in Play a guessing competitionShow three pictures,and show some key words.Ask Ss to say some sentences e.g.: thie jacket is made od wool.It is used for keeping warm.‎ Step2 Presentation Ⅰ 被动语态（The Passive Voice）‎ ‎●主动语态和被动语态：‎ 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语动作的承受者。如：‎ eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句). ‎ ‎ A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。‎ ‎●构成：be + Vt.PP（过去分词）‎ Step3 Presentation Ⅱ ‎【考点一】各种时态的被动语态结构 ‎【考例1】．The Olympic Games _________every four years. [南京市]‎ ‎ A ． are held B ． were held ‎ ‎ C．are holding D．will ho1d ‎【考例2】 Today Chinese _____by more and more people around the world. （ 南通市）‎ ‎ A. was spoken B. is spoken ‎ C. spoke D. speak ‎ ‎●一般现在时的被动语态 ‎ 表示现在或经常发生的被动动作时，用一般现在时的被动语态。其构成为：am／is／are+Vt.PP ‎【考例3】一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?‎ 一Yes．In fact，it ________.That's all because of the people and the factories around．[盐城]‎ ‎ A． polluted B． was polluted ‎ ‎ C． has polluted D． was pollute ‎【考例4】 Many trees and flowers ________ in our school last year，and they made our school a beautiful garden．(南京市)‎ ‎ A．plant B．planted ‎ ‎ C．have planted D．were planted ‎●一般过去时的被动语态 表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态。其结构为 ：was／were+Vt.PP ‎【考例5】Some famous paintings _______in the hall next week. [淮安]‎ ‎ A. will show B. were shown ‎ ‎ C. is shown D. will be shown ‎【考例6】 A talk on developments in science and technology ________ in the school hall next week . ‎ ‎ A. given B. will be given ‎ ‎ C. has been given D. gives （徐州市）‎ ‎●一般将来时的被动语态 表示从现在看将来发生的被动动作，用一般将来时的被动语态。其结构为: will／shall be+Vt.PP或am／is／are going to be+Vt.PP ‎【考例7】 China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang _____ Goodwill Ambassadors（亲善大使）for Shanghai. （2006江苏徐州）‎ ‎ A. has been named B. have been named ‎ C. has named D. have named ‎【考例8】 My English book ________. I can’t lend it to you. （连云港）‎ ‎ A. has been lost B. was lost ‎ C. has lost D. lost ‎●现在完成时的被动语态 表示在过去某个时候发生的被动动作一直延续到现在，且该动作的结果对现在造成影响，此时用现在完成时的被动语态。其结构为： have／has been+Vt.PP ‎【考例9】Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China. [扬州]‎ ‎ A.allow B. be allow ‎ ‎ C.allowed D. be allowed ‎【考例10】-What should we do first if we want to develop our village？‎ ‎-A lot of new roads _____，I think. （苏州）‎ ‎ A. have to build B. must build ‎ ‎ C. have built D. must be built ‎●含有情态动词的被动结构 情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词must /can /could /may/might/have to + be + vt.p.p +be+V.PP ‎●Finish Exercise 1 on the paper Step4 Presentation Ⅲ ‎【考点二】动词不定式的被动语态 ‎【考例1】Students are told (not copy) others’ homework. ‎ ‎【考例2】张老师总是鼓励我们尽可能多讲英语。‎ ‎ We ___________________________________ English ‎ as often as possible by Mr. Zhang ‎【考例3】他们允许在这里吸烟吗?‎ ‎ __________they _________________ smoke here?‎ ‎ ask sb. to do be asked to do tell sb. to do be told to do invite sb. to do be invited to do 主动 choose sb. to do →(被动)sb. be chosen to do encourage sb. to do be encouraged to do allow sb. to do be allowed to do Step5 Presentation Ⅳ ‎【考点三】省略“to”的不定式的被动语态 ‎【考例1】Mary ___ the song at the party yesterday.(无锡市)‎ ‎ A. heard sing B. was heard singing C. was heard to sing D. was heard sing ‎【考例2】The students in Grade 9 ________ their homework for more than three hours every weekend.(淮安市)‎ A. are made to do B. are made to do ‎ C. were made do D.were made to do ‎ 主动语态中省略“to”的不定式，在被动语态中要加上“to”，如hear（听）；see、watch（看）；make、let（让）；Feel（感觉）；notice（注意）等，口诀：一听二看三让一感觉一注意。‎ Step6 Presentation Ⅴ ‎【考点四】带双宾语的被动语态 ‎ ‎【考例1】The results of the exam _________ the students’ parents in three days.‎ ‎ A. were told B. were told to ‎ ‎ C. will be told D. will be told to ‎【考例2】 爸爸给我做了个风筝。‎ A kite __________________ by my father.‎ ‎（点拨：带双宾语，物做主语，注意介词to还是for）‎ Step7 Presentation Ⅵ ‎【考点五】注意短语动词的完整性 ‎ ‎【考例1】这个生病的孩子必须好好地照顾，以便他不久能去上学。‎ ‎ The sick child must ________________________ so that he can go to school soon ‎【考例2】 Must old people_____ politely?‎ A.speak B.spoken C.be spoken D.be spoken to ‎（注意：短语动词中的介词、副词容易漏掉，须注意）‎ ‎●Finish Exercise 2 on the paper Step8 Presentation Ⅶ ‎【考点六】过去分词短语作定语 ‎ 过去分词作定语时，放在所修饰的名词后，表示完成和被动的意义，作用相当于定语从句。‎ ‎【考例1】 He is reading a novel （write） by Lu Xun. ‎ ‎【考例2】 Some of the people (invite) to the party can’t come.‎ ‎●Finish Exercise 3 on the paper Step9 Presentation Ⅷ ‎【考点七】不用被动语态的情况 ‎●不及物动词 happen, take place (发生) ,break out（爆发）没有被动语态 ‎【考例1】 The woman still doesn’t know what __________ ‎ ‎(happen) in her hometown while she was away. ‎ ‎【考例2】Great changes in my hometown in the past 5 years.‎ ‎ A. took place B. was taken place ‎ ‎ C. have taken place D.have been taken place ‎●某些感官动词和 系动词如look, sound, taste, smell, feel后加adj.做表语，主动形式表被动意义。‎ ‎【考例3】 What’s wrong with the orange? It terrible.‎ ‎ A. is tasting B. is tasted ‎ ‎ C. tastes D. tasted ‎【考例4】The water (feel) very cold.‎ ‎●某些可和well, easily等副词连用的动词，如：sell, wash, write, ride…‎ ‎【考例5】 This kind of books well. They out yesterday. ‎ ‎ A.is sold , sold B. sell, sold ‎ ‎ C. is sold, were sold D. sells, were sold ‎【考例6】I bought a pen yesterday. It (write) as well as yours.‎ ‎●need, want(需要）, be worth等后用动名词表被动。‎ ‎【考例7】my watch doesn’t work. It needs (repair). ‎ ‎【考例8】 这本书对我很有用，值得一读。‎ This book is me and it . ‎ ‎●Finish Exercise 4 on the paper Step9 Sum-up Step9 Exercises.‎