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中考英语形容词和副词考点归纳与解析
【重点讲解】
形容词用来修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。大多数形容词有比较等级的变化,可分为原级、比较级和最高级三种基本形式,用来表示事物的等级差别。
副词在句子中主要修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。副词按词汇意义可分为方式副词、程度副词、地点副词、时间副词和频度副词等。分别用于表示状态、程度、场所、时间。副词也有比较等级的变化,其规则形式与形容词的相同。
掌握形容词和副词的基本用法要注意以下几点:
1、有些形容词加-ly可构成副词。但由名词加-ly结尾的是形容词,如 friendly,lovely, likely,lively等。
2、形容词、副词的比较级等级的变化。
1)规则变化:
① 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er/ est
small——smaller——smallest; clever——cleverer——cleverest
② 辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变成i加-er / est:
easy——easier——easiest; heavy——heavier——heaviest
③ 词尾以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,双写该辅音字母,然后加-er/ est:
big——bigger——biggest; hot——hotter——hottest
④ 多音节词和部分双音节词,在词前加上more/ most:
slowly——more slowly——most slowly;
interesting——more interesting——most interesting
2)不规则变化:
原级
比较级
最高级
good(好的)/ well(健康的)
better
best
bad (坏的)/ ill(有病的)
worse
worst
old (老的)
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/ many(多)
more
most
little(少)
less
least
far (远)
farther/further
farthest/furthest
3、表示比较的几种句型:
句型1:“比较级 + than ”,例如:
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.
句型2:“as + 原级 + as”,否定句中可用so… as例如:
Tom is as tall as his father.
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
句型3:“最高级 + in/of…”,例如:
The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
Peter is the tallest player of the three.
4、可修饰比较级的词有much, even, far, still, rather, by far, a bit, a little, a lot, a great deal等。例如:
The sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大得多。
He did his work far better than I. 他的工作做得比我好得多。
【中考链接】
一,用所给词的正确形式填空。
1, I am a little ____________ ( tall ) than you.
2, It is much _____________ ( safe ) to stay at home than to go out at night.
3, This question is _____________________ ( difficult ) than that one.
4, Fan Bingbing is ____________________ ( famous ) than Yangmi.
5, Jacky Chan is _____________________ ( popular ) than Wang Baoqiang.
6, The yellow bag is the __________________ ( expensive ) of the two bags.
7, My pocket money is much _________ ( much ) than yours.
8, He felt bad yesterday. But now he feels a lot __________ ( good ).
9, Maomin is not so ___________ ( busy ) as Shanghai.
10, I have got money as _____________ ( much) as you.
形容词(adj.)和副词 (adv.)
一,作用和位置
(1)“形容词” 常用来修饰________________ ,放在名词的_________ 或者be / 系动词(例如:become / get / turn / feel 等)的__________ 。
例如:① 漂亮的女孩 beautiful girl (beautiful 是形容词,放在名词 girl 的前面)
② The bag is big. ( big 是形容词,放在be 动词后面)
(2)“副词” 修饰 ________________________ , 常放在动词的___________, 被修饰的形容词和副词的______________。
例如:① 大声说 speak loudly (speak 是动词,loudly就是副词。)
② 非常好 very good (good“好的” 是形容词,very是副词, 修饰good,放在它的前面)
二,副词的变化规则
规则的变化:副词(adv.) = 形容词 + ly
例如: carefully = careful + ly
slow(adj. 缓慢的) → slowly (adv. 缓慢地,慢慢地)
quick (adj. 迅速的,快的)→ quickly(adv. 快,迅速) safe → safely
注意:(1)辅音字母加y 结尾的,要把y 变成 i , 再加 ly
例如:happy(adj. 高兴的) → happily (adv. 高兴地)
(2) 有些词既可作形容词也可作副词。如:fast, early, late,hard,high 等。
(3) good 的副词是 well !(切记)
1,把下面形容词变成副词。
heavy ___________ slow _________ fast __________
careful ___________ light __________ careless _____________
busy ___________ sad __________ loud ____________
natural ___________ successful ___________ late ___________
good ___________ lucky ___________ early __________
二,选词填空。
1,He is a ________ student, and he always does _______ at school. ( good / well )
2. My father usually finishes his jobs ______________. He is a __________ man. ( successful / successfully)
3. I am so ________ today. I won the match __________. ( lucky / luckily)
4. Shanghai is a ________ city. Everyone works _________. (busy / busily )
5. She sings really __________. ( good / well )
6. Don’t drive too __________ ( fast ). It’s dangerous.
7. Tim goes to school _________ every day. But it’s too ________ today. ( early)
8. I am never _________ for school. But today I got to school too _________. ( late )
9. Listen to teachers __________ in class. You should be __________.
( careful / carefully)
10, Tony is a __________ boy. He lost his bag ___________ this morning. ( careless / carelessly)
三,用括号里所给词的正确行使填空。
1. Lily left _________ ( angry ) yesterday.
2. They are playing basketball ____________. They are so _______ today. ( happy)
3. Please write it down __________ ( quick ).
4. I saw a grandma walk ________ ( slow) in the park yesterday.
5. Sally didn’t pass the exam _________ ( successful), so she is crying ______ ( sad ).
6. I can’t hear you ________ ( clear ). Can you say it ________ ( loud)?
7. My grandma is very nice. She always smiles at us _________ ( nice).
8. My mother _________ ( usual) goes shopping with me.
9. Everything is getting _________ ( good ) .
10. I hurt my knee ___________ ( bad ) yesterday.
11. I am working ________ ( hard ) to get the best score.
12. We are playing _________ ( good ) as a team now.
13. Children can learn languages more ________ (easy) than adults.
一,变化规则:包括规则的变化和不规则的变化
(1)规则的变化
构成方法
原级
比较级
一般都在词前面加 more
carefully,carelessly, easily,loudly, clearly
在词尾加 – er
early,late,fast,high,hard
原级
比较级
little
far
(2)不规则的变化
原级
比较级
well
Badly
many/much
1, Sorry, I can’t hear you. Please speak __________________ ( loudly).
2. Tony listens to teachers _____________________ ( careful ) than Kevin.
3. Dick does his home work ________________ ( careless ) than you.
4. We are training _____________ ( hard) because we want to win.
5. Tom goes to school ____________ ( late) than Tony.
6. I usually get up __________ ( early ) than my sister.
7. Sam did __________ ( well) this year than last year.
8. Li Lei draws _________(badly) than Jim.
9, Today Tom came to school __________ ( early)
10, Please run _________________ ( quickly ). Or we’ll be late.
比较级固定句式
(1)比较级 + and + 比较级 = 越来越······ / 更··· 、 更···
① 香港正变得更大更繁荣。 Hong Kong is getting bigger and busier.
② 现在Simon 学习越来越认真了。
Now Simon is studying ________ ______ _______ ____________.
(2)the + 比较级, the + 比较级 = 越······, 越·······
Eg:开车越小心就越安全。 The more carefully you drive, the safer it is.
越喝多可乐就越胖。 The more cola you drink, the fatter you become.
① 练习越多就越容易。_______ _______ you practise, _____ _____ it is.
1. —The teacher looked at her students________ when they were saved.
—We also felt________ for them.
A. happily, happy B. happy, happily
C. happy, happy D. happily, happily
2. —This dish tastes________.
—Thank you. It ________ by Mr. Smith.
A. good; was cooked B. well; cooks
C. bad; is cooked D. terrible; cooked
3.—________ good news it is! The panda are found alive after the earthquake.
— It’s so________.
A. What a, excited B. What, exciting
C. How a, excited D. How, exciting
4. —Traveling by plane is _______ than traveling by train.
—Yes, but it is not so _______ as traveling by train.
A. quickly; cheaper B. more quick; cheaply
C. quick; more cheap D. quicker; cheap
5. —Shall we go to the Hi-tech Fair at 9:00 tomorrow morning?
—Why not meet a little________? How about 8:30?
A . more B. less C. later D. earlier
6. I think real cards are________ than e-cards.
A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest
7. —How much money did you pay for the drink?
—None. It was________.
A. easy B. free C. cheap D. expensive
8. —Let’s go to the new restaurant on the 24th Street for dinner tonight?
—We can cook it at home. It’s________.
A. expensive B. more expensive
C. less expensive D. the most expensive
9. Everyone likes Kevin because he talks to others________.
A. friendly B. lovely C. politely D. luckily
10. Daniel is a careful driver but he drives ________ of my friends.
A. more carefully B. the most carefully
C. less carefully D. the least carefully
11. The sun _______ rises in the east.
A. never B. sometimes C. always D. often
12. —I always listen to the teacher________ in class.
—It’s very clever of you to do that.
A. free B. freely C. careful D. carefully
13. They could do the work better with _____ money and _____people.
A. little, fewer B. fewer, less C. less, fewer D. less, few
14. Monday is my________ day.
A. the busiest B. busy C. busier D. busiest
15. Mr. Taylor, the bank manager often dresses more________ to get relaxed at the weekends.
A . carefully B. normally C. casually D. particularly
16. Jenny, a man named Tom phoned you________. He asked you to call him back.
A. now and then B. just now
C. right now D. from now on
17. Tom is _____of the two.
A. the younger B. the youngest C. younger D. the young
18. —What _______ news it was!
— Yes, all of the children were________.
A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited
C. exciting; exciting D. excited ; excited
19. The pianos in this shop are as _____ as the ones in that shop.
A. cheap B. cheapest C. cheaper D. the cheapest
20. It’s winter now. It is getting _____.
A. very cold and cold B. colder and colder
C. more cold and cold D. coldest and coldest