中考定语从句讲解通俗易懂含图标式讲解和练习 5页

中考定语从句讲解（通俗易懂，含练习题）‎ ‎ 定语从句 ‎ 请看下面的句子：‎ ‎ I want to know the boy who is the tallest.‎ ‎ ‎ 句子做定语修饰boy ‎（一）概念:‎ 定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子， 叫定语从句。‎ 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。‎ 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。‎ （二） 定语从句的分类 Ⅰ、限定性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。‎ e.g:This is the book that/which I want.‎ Ⅱ、非限定性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。‎ e.g:Mr. Green， who is watching TV，is my uncle.‎ ‎（三）(限定性)定语从句的结构 Mary is a girl who has long hair.‎ 先行词 关系词 定语从句 关系代词 关系副词 ‎ ‎ which, who, whom,‎ ‎ whose, that where, when, why ‎（四）定语从句的实质：二句合一 ‎（合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地）‎ Mary is a girl.‎ ‎ 合并为一个句子 She has long hair.‎ 思路：留（保留先行词）-----舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）----替（用关系词代替舍去部分）‎ Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.‎ 请把下列句子二句合一 ‎ 1. I saw the man.He closed the door ‎ ‎ ‎ 2.The girl is happy. She won the race ‎ ‎ ‎ 3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen ‎ ‎ ‎（五） 定语从句关系词的确定:‎ l a.先行词的分类 l b.先行词在从句中充当的成分 ‎1.先行词做主语 人：who/that ‎ 物：which/that ‎2.先行词做宾语 人：who/whom/that ‎ 物：which/that ‎3.先行词做定语 人：whose ‎ 物：whose/of which ‎4.先行词做状语：when, where, why l who, whom, whose, that用法区别.‎ l who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语.‎ ‎ The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.‎ ‎ 做题思路：先分解——分析——再合并 分解 The man is a worker.‎ ‎ The man is speaking at the meeting.‎ ‎ 作主语 l Whom /that作定语从句的宾语 ‎ The woman（ whom/that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.‎ 分解 The woman is a teacher.‎ ‎ They wanted to visit the woman.‎ ‎ 作宾语 注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.‎ l whose 作定语从句的定语.‎ ‎ I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.‎ 分解 I know the girl.‎ ‎ The girl’s mother is a teacher.‎ ‎ 作定语 小结：‎ 关系词判断步骤 l 首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that l 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表 先行词 ‎ 主语 ‎ 宾语 ‎ 定语 ‎ 人 who, that who(m), that ‎ whose ‎ 物 ‎ which,‎ ‎ that which, that ‎ whose, ‎ ‎ of which 巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空 ‎1. I have a friend ________ likes listening to classical music.‎ ‎2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress __________ I gave her.‎ ‎3. The man ______ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.‎ ‎（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况： ‎ (1)先行词为all, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one等不定代词时； ‎ (2)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时：‎ ‎ (3)先行词为数词或被序数词（含 last)修饰时。‎ ‎ （4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。‎ ‎ (5)在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。‎ 口诀：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错 ‎ 先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.‎ 请在以下例句中体会以上规则：‎ ‎1. Here is something that I will tell you.‎ ‎2.We haven’t got much that we can offer you.‎ ‎3. Is it the one that you want ?‎ ‎4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.‎ ‎5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.‎ ‎6.Which is the bike that you lost?‎ ‎7.Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?‎ ‎（七）只能使用which 的情况 l ‎1.关系代词前有介词时；‎ l ‎2.先行词本身是 that 时；‎ l ‎3.非限定定语从句 l 口诀:要有which别着急，‎ l ‎ 介词提前逗隔离。‎ l e.g:1.This is the classroom in which we studied for two year.‎ l ‎ 2.She has two dolls，which are from her parents 单项选择：‎ l ‎1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.‎ l ‎  A. that     B. who      C. whom        D. this l ‎2. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.‎ l ‎  A. that     B. whose     C. which          D. as l ‎3. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?‎ l ‎  A. the one      B. which  C. who  D. whom l ‎※4.Is this factory a lot of students visited ?‎ ‎ A. the one   B. which  C. who  D. who l ‎5. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.‎ l ‎  A. which    B. that    C. /   D. it l ‎6. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.‎ l ‎  A. which     B. in which     C. that        D. all l ‎※7. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.‎ l ‎  A. That    B. Who    C. The one who   D. The students who l 注意：‎ l ‎①当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。‎ ‎②若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再判断用法。（4,7题）‎ 完成下列句子：‎ ‎1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.‎ ‎ who saved the boy’ s life This is the doctor ‎ ‎2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.‎ ‎ who is running ‎ The man is my uncle.‎ ‎3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。‎ I saw a woman ‎ whose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost.‎ ‎4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.‎ The young man is a teacher.‎ ‎ who lives next door 注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。‎ ‎【定语从句中考真题演练】‎ ‎1、There are lots of things ______ I need to prepare before the trip. (河北省卷)‎ A. who B. that C. whom D. whose ‎2、Jim dislikes people _______talk much but never do anything. （吉林省通化市）‎ A.whom B.when C.whose D.who ‎3、—I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday. （江苏省南京市）‎ ‎ --Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_______?‎ A.left B.was leaving C.has left D.had left ‎4、We are trying to help those children ____lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province. (浙江省衢州市)‎ ‎ A. which B. when C. who D. whose ‎5、Do you know the girl _______is singing in the classroom? (湖南长沙)‎ ‎ A.who B.which C.when ‎6、—The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu. （江苏省扬州市）‎ ‎ --Yes.They are helping the people ______are suffering from the earthquake.‎ A.which B.what C./ D.who ‎7、Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning? （四川省成都市）‎ A.when B.what C.that ‎8、Friends are those____ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. （河南省）‎ ‎ A which B what C whom D who ‎9、I began to work in Shanghai in the year _____ HongKong was returned to China. （湖北省十堰市）‎ A.that B.which C.where D.when ‎10、This is the school _______ I studied three years ago. （山东省菏泽市）‎ ‎ A. where B. when C. that D. which ‎11、—What do you usually do in your leisure time? （黑龙江省哈尔滨市）‎ ‎—I enjoy reading in the library ____________ I lose myself in a world of good books.‎ A. which B. that C. where ‎12、—The village _________I visited last year has changed a lot. （福建省福州市）‎ ‎ --Really?I hope to go there on day.‎ A.that B.who C.when ‎13、This is my beautiful school _______ is near the famous library. （广西省桂林市）‎ ‎ A. where B. which C. who D. when ‎14、The old woman ______ is wearing a pair of glasses ______ Mrs. Black. （黑龙江省鸡西市）‎ ‎ A. which, are B. who, are C. who, is ‎15、Do you like music _______ makes you relaxed? （广西省定西市）‎ A. it B. what C. who D. that