2018中考英语阅读理解专项突破百篇文章 131页

‎2018年中考英语阅读理解100篇 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 Passage 1‎ One day, Mr. Li was reading a book in his office after school. To his surprise, a ball flew in suddenly and hurt him on the head. He took the ball to the window, but he only saw a group of boy students running away quickly and disappearing in a minute. He sat down again and continued his reading. As it got dark, it was time for him to leave for home. Looking at the ball, he wondered what to do with it. He knew the owner of the ball must be nearby and wished to get it back. He went downstairs and walked to the playground. It was at the center of the playground that he placed the ball with a piece of paper, on which he wrote “Be careful next time！”. Then he walked away.‎ The next morning, as Mr. Li opened the office door, he found the same piece of paper on the floor. Some words were added after his words: “Thank you for your kindness. Anyway, you are a clever fellow.”‎ ‎(　　)1. What happened while Mr. Li was reading in his office?‎ A. The window was broken by a ball.‎ B. A ball hurt him on the head.‎ C. A ball hit the window.‎ D. The door was broken by a ball.‎ ‎(　　)2. Why did the owner of the ball run away quickly?‎ A. He was afraid of Mr. Li.　‎ B. He wanted to get the ball back.‎ C. He wanted to go home. ‎ D. He went to look for the ball.‎ ‎(　　)3. How did Mr. Li deal with the ball?‎ A. He took it home. ‎ B. He put it in his office.‎ C. He put it back on the playground. ‎ D. He had no idea about it.‎ ‎(　　)4. According to the passage, we can know that ________．‎ A. Mr. Li is interested in reading B. Mr. Li is too hard on his students C. Mr. Li is good at playing sports D. Mr. Li is a clever teacher with kindness ‎ Passage 2‎ While many young people were enjoying the summer vacation, Zach Bonner was working his hardest. Zach started walking from Valrico, Florida, his hometown, on Christmas, 2009. He reached Los Angeles nine months later in September, 2010. He covered a total of 2，478 miles and raised $120，000 for kids in need. Along the way, Zach attended school online. His mother, brother and sister took turns to walk or drive together with him.‎ Although he is very young, Zach has a long history of helping others. When a terrible storm hit town in 2004, Zach, when six, pulled a wagon(小推车)through his community and collected food for people in need.‎ He has raised $400，000 for his Little Red Wagon Foundation since then. It gives money to projects which help homeless children. In 2007, Zach began walking to support a children's charity(慈善组织)in Tampa, Florida. He finished his journey 23 days later, 280 miles away in Tallahassee. Then in the summer of 2009, he trekked about 670 miles from Atlanta to Washington, D．C., in just two months.‎ ‎“As long as there are homeless kids, I will never stop walking for them.” Zach says.‎ ‎(　　)1. What did Zach do during the summer vacation in 2010?‎ A. He stayed at home to look after his family.‎ B. He travelled to his hometown with his family.‎ C. He joined in a school activity with other kids.‎ D. He walked to collect money for kids in need.‎ ‎(　　)2. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that Zach________．‎ A. began to help people at a very early age B. made money to pay for his education C. enjoyed playing around in his community D. worked very hard for his family ‎(　　)3. At what age did Zach start walking to support a Tampa children's charity?‎ A. At six.　 B. At nine.　 C. At eleven.　 D. At twelve.‎ ‎(　　)4. The underlined word “trekked” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”．‎ A. 延伸 B. 挖掘 C. 跋涉 D. 飞行 ‎(　　)5. Which of the following best describes Zach?‎ A. Friendly and shy. B. Silly but lovely.‎ C. Kind and helpful. D. Clever but lazy.‎ Passage 3‎ From Nobody to Somebody Brian was a funny student. He loved watching comedies(喜剧)best and hoped to become a comedy actor one day.‎ When he heard about the talent show to be held at his school, Brian decided to take part in. He had never acted on stage(舞台)before, and he was very excited. But some students laughed at him. “You are not funny but silly，” Ken, one of his classmates, said to his face. “No one will like what you do，” another boy also said to him, loudly.‎ Brian couldn't understand why they were so unkind to him. For a moment, he thought about giving up the show. But he remembered how much his friends liked his jokes, and also his teachers said he was very funny. So he decided to prepare for the show. ‎ Brian did a great job at the talent show. Everyone loved his performance, and he won the first prize! His teachers and friends were proud of him. Even so, Ken told Brian that he was not funny, and that he would never be successful. Brian didn't understand why Ken said so, but he realized that it had nothing to do with him. He confidently continued to work towards his goal.‎ As the years went on, Brian met more people like Ken. “You'll do a terrible job，” they said to him. Luckily, most people encouraged him and some helped him to become even funnier. He got a lot of opportunities to perform in movies. He was even invited to appear on television. His fans ‎ thanked him because his comedies made them feel good when they were unhappy.‎ Now Brian is a big comedy star! He is doing what he loves best. He never feels stressed like those unkind people, and he laughs all day long!‎ ‎(　　)1. What did Brian love best when he was a student?‎ A. Going to school. B. Helping classmates.‎ C. Watching comedies. D. Meeting new friends. ‎ ‎(　　)2. Brian decided to prepare for the show because ________．‎ ‎ A. his friends liked his jokes B. he was invited by a TV station C. he wasn't busy acting in movies D. Ken was expecting his performance ‎(　　)3. After winning the first prize, Brian ________．‎ A. began to understand Ken B. became a teacher of acting C. encouraged others to join him D. continued to work towards his goal ‎(　　)4. Brian's fans thanked him because his comedies brought them ________．‎ A. success B. happiness C. luck D. pride ‎ Passage 4‎ We have heard about people who have special memories. Recently there has been a report about a woman from Australia who can remember almost every detail(细节) of all the events in her daily life.‎ Rebecca Sharrock, 25, is one of just 80 people worldwide who have been indentified(确定) as having Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM，超级自传体记忆症). It means she can remember every small event—which most people would forget within(在……以内) days—as if it had happened just minutes ago.‎ ‎“I remember my mum putting me in the driver's seat of a car and taking a picture of me when I was 12 days old，”she said. “That's my earliest memory. I remember every day since then. I can't tell all the dates exactly because I was too young to understand calendars, but I remember what I ‎ did that very day, what the weather was like and so on.”‎ Rebecca can also reexperience taste. If she's eating something that she doesn't like, she thinks about Black Forest cake, her favorite food, and the memory will be so strong that she can nearly “taste” it.‎ However, sometimes her memories prove(证明) to be painful. Because they're not just events that she remembers. “When I relive(再体验) memories, the feelings return, too，” Rebecca said.“For example, I remember falling over when I was three at my grandparents' house and hurting my left knee. Talking about it now, I feel painful in my left knee.”‎ ‎“At night, I have to sleep with the radio/recorder and a soft light on，”she added. “If it's too dark or quiet, my mind would be filled with all these memories and I can't sleep.”‎ ‎(　　)1. Which is NOT TRUE about Rebecca?‎ A. She has special memories.‎ B. She is from Australia.‎ C. She is 25 years old.‎ D. She can remember every detail of all the events.‎ ‎(　　)2. What happened to Rebecca on the day when she was 3 years old?‎ A. She was identified as having HSAM.‎ B. Her mother put her in a car and took a picture of her.‎ C. She started to understand calendars.‎ D. She hurt her left knee at her grandparents'.‎ ‎(　　)3. Whenever she is reliving her memories, ________．‎ A. she is happy B. she experiences the feelings again C. she feels pain in her knees D. she can taste her favorite food ‎(　　)4. What is the result of having HSAM?‎ A. She can remember every event in her daily life.‎ B. She can reexperience taste.‎ C. She can relive feelings.‎ D. All the above.‎ ‎(　　)5. From the passage, we can infer(推断)that________．‎ A. HSAM can do her good, but it also brings her pain B. she feels painful if she recalls her experiences C. she can fall asleep while she is reexperiencing memories D. HSAM can greatly improve her living conditions Passage 5‎ Carlton Joseph is a fashion designer(服装设计师), but not just any fashion designer. He appears on television, he writes books, and he owns his own fashion house.‎ Born in 1980, Carlton started designing clothes when he was eleven. His father owned a clothes store, and Carlton used to work there at the weekend. Then he did a design course at college.‎ When he was 21, someone suggested doing a TV program. He made his first show “Carlton's Clothes” in 2004, and he wrote his first book in the same year. Since then he has written four more. Carlton got married to TV producer Susan Mills in 2005.‎ Three months ago, Carlton started his new company. He called it “Design: Carlton”．‎ At work Carlton always wears black trousers and a black coat, but at home, or when he goes out, he wears clothes with bright colors(red, blue and yellow). He is especially crazy about new glasses, he buys a new pair every few weeks. “I like to look different every day，” he says.‎ Carlton started wearing glasses when he was twelve. He dyed(给……染色) his hair red when he was 18. It is still red, and this year, for the first time, he has grown a beard. “My wife likes it,_that's why” is his explanation. But his beard is black!‎ ‎(　　)1. How old was Carlton when he wrote his first book?‎ A. 11. B. 21. C. 24. D. 25.‎ ‎(　　)2. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?‎ A. Carlton's hair. B. Carlton's beard.‎ C. Carlton's coat. D. Carlton's company.‎ ‎(　　)3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?‎ A. Carlton likes to look different.‎ B. Carlton is a hardworking person.‎ C. Carlton is crazy about new glasses.‎ D. Carlton loves wearing colorful clothes.‎ ‎(　　)4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. Carlton is just a common fashion designer.‎ B. Carlton started his new fashion company in 2005.‎ C. Carlton made his first show after he got married to Susan.‎ D. Carlton got some design experience before going to college.‎ Passage 6‎ This year the US will honour(纪念) one of the country's most famous writers—Mark Twain(18351910). Most readers know that his real name was Samuel Longhorne Clemens, but how many know where the pen name “Mark Twain” came from?‎ The answer shows Clemens' colourful early life before he became a writer. “Mark Twain” was the cry shouted on a ship when the ship entered a part of a river that was two fathoms(6 feet)deep. “Twain” is an oldfashioned way of saying “two”. Twain trained as a ship pilot on the Mississippi river for two years, a time that he wrote about in the humorous Life on the Mississippi(1883)．‎ The famous river would become an important theme in many of his works—who could forget the journey of Huck and Jim along it in his most famous book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1884)?‎ With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories. Whenever possible, he would go to public libraries. There he spent much time reading and thinking, which greatly helped him with his writing.‎ On the other hand, his life experiences gave him wonderful material to write about and attract readers. Twain wrote in a style that has been called “local colour” because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.‎ This gift is very clear in the two books for which Twain is still celebrated today：The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876) and its followup The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which ‎ many people call “The Great American Novel”．‎ The most amazing invention in the book is the voice of Huck himself. Huck did not enjoy schooling. It shows in the way he uses language, in a spoken style. Only a master like Twain could copy the way a young southern boy talked so well.‎ ‎(　　)1. What does the underlined word “gift” mean in the passage?‎ A. Twain's talent for selfteaching. ‎ B. Twain's “local colour” writing style.‎ C. Twain's good sense of humour. ‎ D. Twain's experiences as a ship pilot.‎ ‎(　　)2. According to the passage, what is the best part of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn?‎ A. The deep social meaning. ‎ B. The exciting life experiences.‎ C. The special way that Huck talks. ‎ D. The nice view of the Mississippi.‎ ‎(　　)3. Which is the most suitable place in the passage for the sentence, “Twain did not come from the writer's background you might expect.”？‎ A. At the beginning of Paragraph 2. ‎ B. At the beginning of Paragraph 3. ‎ C. At the beginning of Paragraph 4. ‎ D. At the beginning of Paragraph 5.‎ ‎(　　)4. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. Mark Twain's career as a great writer.‎ B. Mark Twain's interest in describing local life.‎ C. Mark Twain's achievements in American literature field.‎ D. Mark Twain's life experiences which influenced his writing.‎ ‎ Passage 7‎ Rachel Carson(19071964) was a pioneer of the world's environmental movement through her writing about the protection of the natural world. Her 1962 book Silent Spring made her well known by many people. It describes the harmful changes in the environment of using toxic(有害的) chemicals on farmland.‎ Carson's career started as a biologist in the US Bureau of Fisheries. ln 1951 she published her first book, The Sea Around Us, which became a bestseller. It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote her life to writing. She was a gifted writer. Her next two books were also about the oceans and both topped the book sales lists.‎ Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about nature. It painted a bleak(荒凉的) future for the whole natural world. It led to a nationwide ban(禁止) on the use of a deadly chemical called DDT, and other toxic pesticides(农药) that farmers used for their crops. Many people say the book led to the creation of America's Environmental Protection Agency.‎ Since her death, Carson's name has continued to be connected with protecting the environment. There is now a yearly Rachel Carson Book Prize. Norway awards the Rachel Carson Prize to women who have made great contributions to the field of environmental protection. In 1980, 16 years after her death, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honour in America.‎ ‎(　　)1. What happened to Rachel Carson in 1962?‎ A. She started to write books.‎ B. She gave up working as a biologist.‎ C. Her book The Sea Around Us sold well.‎ D. Her book Silent Spring made her famous.‎ ‎(　　)2. What most probably made Rachel Carson leave her job?‎ A. She got an award.‎ B. She published Silent Spring.‎ C. The Sea Around Us brought her enough money.‎ D. The US government took notice of her researches.‎ ‎(　　)3. Why is the book Silent Spring important to America's environmental protection?‎ A. It describes a silent spring.‎ B. It topped the book sales lists.‎ C. It changed how America thought about nature.‎ D. It includes all Carson's research achievements.‎ ‎(　　)4. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A. The book Silent Spring.‎ B. The way America thought.‎ C. The US Bureau of Fisheries.‎ D. America's Environmental Protection Agency.‎ ‎(　　)5. Why was Rachel Carson awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom?‎ A. She published the book Silent Spring.‎ B. She did a lot of researches for the US Bureau of Fisheries.‎ C. She donated much money to the Rachel Carson Book Prize.‎ D. She made great contributions to the environmental protection. ‎ 参考答案 专项训练一 人物故事 Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。李老师在办公室被飞进来的球砸到，他以留纸条的方式将球归还给犯错的学生。这说明李老师既聪明又善良。‎ 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。Zach是个乐于助人的年轻人，从很小的时候就开始帮助别人。现在他通过徒步的方式筹款，帮助无家可归的孩子们。‎ 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了布莱恩喜欢喜剧并立志成为喜剧演员，但他的梦想却被同学嘲笑。他不忘初心，抓住机会；坚持梦想，获得成功。‎ 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B ‎ Passage 4【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了传奇人物丽贝卡·夏洛克的故事。她能记住日常生活中所有事件的细节，但这种超常的记忆力给她带来的并不都是甜蜜。‎ 1. D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了与众不同的服装设计师Carlton Joseph的故事。‎ 1. C【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：当Carlton写第一本书的时候他多少岁了？根据第三段的“...in 2004, and he wrote his first book in the same year.”可知，他2004年写了第一本书。又根据第二段第一句可知，他出生于1980年。因此他写第一本书时是24岁。故选C。‎ 1. B【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：划线单词“it”指的是什么？根据最后一段的“...he has grown a beard. ‘My wife likes it...’”可知，it指代Carlton的胡子。故选B。‎ 2. A【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：第五段的主旨大意是什么？第五段通过叙述Carlton的穿着和对眼镜的痴迷来叙述Carlton喜欢看起来与众不同。故选A。‎ 3. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据短文，下面哪一项是正确的？根据第二段“...Carlton started designing...at college.”可知，他在上大学前就有服装设计经验了。故选D。‎ Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了美国伟大的作家马克·吐温的生活经历。而这种经历深深地影响了他的作品，为他的作品打上了“地方色彩”的烙印。‎ 1. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：本文中，划线词“gift”意思是什么？上一段主要说明了马克·吐温作品的“local colour”，而“This gift is very clear...”是承接上一段，所以gift应是指local colour。故选B。‎ 2. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据短文，哪一个是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》最精彩的部分？根据最后一段第一句“The most amazing invention in the book is the voice of Huck himself.”可知选C。‎ 3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：“Twain did not come from the writer's background you might expect.”最适合放在短文哪里？根据文章第四段第一句话可知，马克吐温几乎没有受过教育，他是通过自学成才的，所以需要把这段话放到第四段开头作为引文过渡衔接。‎ 4. D【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：本文主要讲述了什么？纵观全文，本文前两段概述了马克·吐温名字的来历，‎ 后五段叙述了马克·吐温的经历以及其这些经历对他的作品的影响。实际上，马克·吐温名字的来历也是其经历的一部分，所以本文主要概括了马克·吐温的经历以及他的经历对其作品的影响。故选D。‎ Passage 7【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了美国著名的海洋生物学家蕾切尔·卡逊的生平事迹，她的作品《寂静的春天》开启了美国以至于全世界的环境保护事业，1980年——她去世16年后，被追授“总统自由勋章”。 ‎ 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在1962年蕾切尔·卡逊发生了什么事情？由文章第一段第二句“Her 1962 book Silent Spring made her well known by many people.”可知，在1962年，她的作品《寂静的春天》使她出名。故选D。‎ 2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：是什么最可能让蕾切尔·卡逊放弃了她的工作？由文章第二段第三句“It made her rich enough to leave her job and devote her life to writing.”可知，她的书给她带来足够的钱可以让她专心写作。故选C。‎ 3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么《寂静的春天》对美国环境保护来说很重要？由文章第三段第一句“Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about nature.”可知，《寂静的春天》完全改变了美国考虑自然的方式，所以它对美国环境保护来说很重要。故选C。‎ 4. A【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：划线单词“It”在第三段指的是什么？由It前一句“Carson's book Silent Spring completely changed the way America thought about nature.”可知，It指代《寂静的春天》这本书。故选A。‎ 5. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：为什么蕾切尔·卡逊被授予“总统自由勋章”？从整篇文章来看，蕾切尔·卡逊改变了美国考虑环境的方式，她抵制DDT等有害化学药品，为世界环境做出了非常巨大的贡献，所以被授予“总统自由勋章”。故选D。‎ ‎ 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 Passage 1‎ Years ago, I lived in a building in a large city.The building next door was only a few feet away from mine. There was a woman who lived there, whom I had never met, yet I could see her seated by her window each afternoon, sewing or reading.‎ After several months had gone by, I began to notice that her window was dirty .Everything was unclear through the dirty window .I would say to myself，“I wonder why that woman doesn't wash her window. It really looks terrible.”‎ One bright morning I decided to clean my flat, including washing the window on the inside.‎ Late in the afternoon when I finished the cleaning, I sat down by the window with a cup of coffee for a rest. What a surprise! The woman sitting by her window was clearly seen. Her window was clean!‎ Then I began to understand it. I had been criticizing(批评)her dirty window，but all the time I was watching hers through my own dirty window.‎ That was quite an important lesson for me. How often had I looked at and criticized others through the dirty window of my heart, through my own shortcomings(缺点)?‎ From then on, whenever I want to judge(判断)someone, I ask myself first，“Am I looking at him through my own dirty window？” Then I try to clean the window of my own world so that I may see others' world more clearly.‎ ‎(　　)1. The writer couldn't see everything clearly through the window because________．‎ A. the woman's window was dirty B. his window was dirty C. the woman lived far away D. the writer was nearsighted(近视的)‎ ‎(　　)2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Both the woman and the writer lived in a small town.‎ B. The writer often cleaned the window.‎ C. Both the woman and the writer worked as cleaners.‎ D. The writer never met the woman.‎ ‎(　　)3. From the passage, we can learn that________．‎ A. one shouldn't criticize others very often B. one should often keep his window clean C. one should judge himself before he judges others D. one should look at others through his dirty window Passage 2‎ ‎“Everything happens for the best.” Whenever I faced disappointment, my mother would say this to me.‎ After I graduated from college in 2002, I decided to find a job in radio as a sports announcer(播音员). I went to Chicago and knocked at the door of every station. But unluckily, I was refused every time.‎ At one station, a kind lady told me that big stations wouldn't hire(雇佣) an inexperienced person and suggested that I try my luck at smaller stations. Following her advice, I went back to Dixon. There were no radioannouncing jobs in Dixon, and my father said a newlyopened store wanted a local sportsman to work for it. I applied for(申请) the job, but I was refused again.‎ ‎“Everything happens for the best，”Mom reminded me. I tried WOC Radio in Davenport, Iowa. The program director, Peter, told me they had already hired an announcer.‎ I left his office, and felt totally disappointed. While I was waiting for the elevator, I heard someone calling. It was Peter. “What do you know about sports? Do you know anything about football？” Then he asked me to broadcast(播报) an imaginary game. Pleased with my performance, he offered me a chance to work there.‎ On my way home, I thought of my mother's words, “If you carry on, one day something good will happen. Something wouldn't have happened if not for that previous(先前的) disappointment.”‎ ‎(　　)1. After graduating from college, the writer________．‎ A. found a job in a radio station B. couldn't find a job as a sports announcer C. was already experienced ‎(　　)2. ________ first offered the writer a chance to work as an announcer.‎ A. A kind lady　B. A program director　C. Her mother　‎ ‎(　　)3. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. A kind lady offered the writer a job at first.‎ B. The writer's parents were disappointed at her.‎ C. Big stations usually hire experienced people.‎ ‎(　　)4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. The writer learned a lot from what her mother said.‎ B. There was a radioannouncing job at college.‎ C. The writer didn't want to be a sports announcer at all.‎ ‎(　　)5. What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Something happens because of the disappointment.‎ B. You can find a job without any experience.‎ C. Everything happens for the best. ‎ Passage 3‎ ‎“I will think of it.” It is easy to say this, but do you know what great things have come from thinking? ‎ Sir Isaac Newton was sitting in his garden when he saw an apple fall from a tree. He began to think and tried to find out why the apple fell. Then he discovered how the sun, moon, and stars are kept in their places.‎ A boy named James Watt sat quietly by the fire, watching the lid of the kettle move up and ‎ down. He wanted to find out why the steam in the kettle moved the lid. From that time he went on thinking and thinking. And when he became a man, he improved the steam engine(蒸汽机) so much that it could easily do the work of many horses. ‎ James Ferguson was a poor boy. Once, seeing the inside of a watch, he wondered. “Why should I not make a watch？” But how could he get the materials to make the mainspring(钟表的主发条)? He soon found he could make it with whalebone(鲸骨). He then made a wooden clock which kept good time. His motto(座右铭) was “I will think of it.” And he made his thoughts useful to himself and the world. ‎ Boys and girls, when you have a difficult lesson to learn, don't lose heart, and don't ask someone for help before helping yourselves. Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.‎ ‎(　　)1.From the passage, we know that some great things come from ________．‎ A. listening　　B. reading　　C. speaking　　D. thinking ‎(　　)2.The idea of Isaac Newton's discovery was from ________．‎ A. the falling of an apple B. the cleaning of a garden C. the falling of a tree D. the moving of a lid ‎(　　)3.The achievement of James Watt was that he ________．‎ A. kept thinking ‎ B. found the steam in the kettle C. improved the steam engine much ‎ D. watched the lid move up and down ‎ ‎(　　)4.The right order of the following sentences is ________．‎ ‎① James Ferguson made a wooden clock. ‎ ‎② James Ferguson saw the inside of a watch. ‎ ‎③ James Ferguson made the mainspring with whalebone.‎ A. ③②① B. ②③① C. ②①③ D. ③①② ‎ ‎(　　)5.What is the main idea of the passage? ‎ A. Learn to ask for help.‎ B. A difficult lesson to learn.‎ C. It is easy to say “I will think of it.”‎ D. Think, and by thinking you will learn how to think to some purpose.‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 4‎ A gentleman once advertised(登广告) for a boy to help him in his office, and nearly fifty persons asked for the place. Out of the whole number he in a short time chose one, and sent all the other boys away.‎ ‎“I should like to know，” said a friend，“on what ground you chose that boy. He didn't even have a recommendation(推荐信) with him.”‎ ‎“You are mistaken，” said the gentleman，“he had a great many：—‎ ‎“He made his shoes clean when he came in, and closed the door after him; showing that he was orderly(井然有序的)．‎ ‎“He gave his seat to the disabled old man; showing that he was ________．‎ ‎“He took off his cap when he came in, and answered my questions quickly and respectfully(恭敬地); showing that he was polite.‎ ‎“He lifted up the book which I had purposely(故意地)laid on the floor, and put it on the table, while all the others stepped over it or pushed it aside; showing that he was careful.‎ ‎“And he waited quietly for his turn, instead of pushing the others aside; showing that he was modest(谦逊的)．‎ ‎“When I talked with him, I noticed that his clothes were carefully brushed, his hair in nice order, and his teeth as white as milk. When he wrote his name, I noticed that his fingernails were clean; instead of having some untidy personal habits.‎ ‎“Don't you call these things letters of recommendation? I do; and the things that I can discover a boy by using my eyes for ten minutes, is worth more than all the fine letters that he can bring.”‎ ‎(　　)1. Choose the right word to complete the sentence in paragraph 5 according to the context(上下文)．‎ A. kind B. smart C. lovely D. healthy ‎(　　)2. How did the gentleman know the boy was polite?‎ A. He made his shoes clean when he came in.‎ B. He took off his cap when he came in.‎ C. He waited quietly for his turn.‎ D. His teeth and fingernails were clean.‎ ‎(　　)3. The gentleman laid the book on the floor because________．‎ A. he used to be like this B. he wanted to know who was orderly C. he tried to know who had tidy personal habits D. he wanted to test the people who asked for the job ‎(　　)4. How many reasons made the gentleman choose that boy?‎ A. Five. B. Six. C. Seven. D. Eight.‎ ‎(　　)5. What can you learn from this passage?‎ A. The gentleman is a wise man.‎ B. All gentlemen can choose the right person by using their eyes.‎ C. Good behaviors(行为) and good habits are important for a person.‎ D. One should pay more attention to his recommendation than to his behaviors.‎ Passage 5‎ ‎ In 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher asked the class to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up. ‎ Jean's father was a crop duster(农作物喷粉作业) pilot on a farm, so Jean was very interested in planes and flying. She wrote about her dream to become an airline pilot.‎ Her paper came back with an “F” on it. The teacher told her this was a “fairy tale(童话)，” and it wasn't a job for a woman.‎ Jean experienced years of hurt and fear because of this discouragement(气馁) until she met her English teacher Mrs. Dorothy Slaton in senior high school.‎ Mrs. Slaton said to Jean's class, “You have the abilities and talents. If you don't go after(追求) ‎ your dreams after you leave school, no one will do it for you.”‎ Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm(热情), and with excitement, she told Mrs. Slaton all about her old dreams. The teacher said, “Then do it！”‎ So Jean did. It took her 10 years of hard work. But in 1978, she became one of the first three women pilot trainers ever accepted by United Airlines(航空公司) and one of only 50 women airline pilot in the country at the time. Some years later, Jean Harper became a Boeing 737 captain(机长) for United Airline.‎ ‎(　　)1. When Jean was young, her dream was ________．‎ A. to be a crop duster pilot B. to fix planes C. to be an airline pilot ‎(　　)2. Jean spent________ years in becoming an airline pilot.‎ A. fifteen 　　　B. thirteen 　　　　　C. ten ‎(　　)3. What did Mrs. Slaton mean when she talked to the class?‎ A. Everyone should go after his or her dream.‎ B. Everyone should have a dream after they leave school.‎ C. Everyone should do good things to help people's dreams.‎ ‎(　　)4. What can we learn from this story?‎ A. A woman can not be a pilot.‎ B. If you have a dream, work hard for it.‎ C. Jean's dream didn't come true at last.‎ ‎ Passage 6‎ When I was about twelve years old, a girl in my class liked to point out my shortcomings. She said I was very thin; I wasn't good at math; I talked too much; I was too proud, and so on. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly, and asked, “Are those things true or not? Jane, didn't you ever think about what you're really like？” Then he added, “Well, you have that girl's opinions. Make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true.”‎ I did as he told me. To my great surprise, I found out that about half the things were true. Some of them I couldn't change, like being very thin, but many I could and suddenly I wanted to change. For the first time I got a clear picture of myself.‎ ‎ I brought the list back to Daddy, and he said, “Now you know better about yourself. But you have to learn to listen, not just close your ears angrily and feel hurt. When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be of great help to you. Don't shut your ears. Listen to the truth and do what you know is the right thing to do.”‎ Daddy's advice has returned to me at many important moments. In my life, I've never had a better piece of advice.‎ ‎(　　)1. How old was Jane when a girl in her class pointed out her shortcomings?‎ A. About 10. 　　　B. About 12. 　　　　　C. About 14. ‎ ‎(　　)2. Which thing did Jane think she couldn't change?‎ A. She was very thin.‎ B. She wasn't good at math.‎ C. She talked too much.‎ ‎(　　)3. Who changed the writer's opinion?‎ A. Father. 　　　B. Mother. 　　　　　C. Sister.‎ ‎(　　)4. What did Jane's father really mean by saying “Make a list of ‎ everything...”？‎ A. To listen to her classmate's opinions.‎ B. To find out what is right and what is wrong.‎ C. To know herself better and improve herself.‎ ‎(　　)5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?‎ A. My Father. B. The Best Advice. 　　　　C. My Life.‎ Passage7‎ At my primary school, I was one of the smartest kids there. I never studied, but always got perfect scores. I thought I was born clever. At least I believed so. I was also a_prodigy in music according to myself. I could sing better than almost everyone else in my school. I was pretty sure that once I got to sixth grade, everyone would be surprised by me.‎ But actually, they weren't.‎ When I arrived at my new class, I couldn't wait to show everyone what I could do. However, there was always someone else who could do them better. My grades began to suffer. More talented(有天资的) girls often sang solo(独唱). I believed I wasn't smart. I believed I wasn't talented. I believed I was a failure.‎ Over the next two years, I had to work very hard. Every prize for the singing competition was given to me for hard work and effort. Grades were still very low but improving little by little. I worked really hard. However, I was never the best at everything.‎ I haven't realized until recently that I really don't have to be the best at everything. I was too hard on myself. In fact, when I did badly in a test, my classmates never laughed at me.‎ No one is perfect. There will probably always be someone better than me at something. Anyway, there are about seven billion people in this world. I will never be the number one at everything, and that's really okay.‎ ‎(　　)1. What does “a prodigy” probably mean in English?‎ A. A smart kid. B. A crazy fan.‎ C. A common child. D. A lazy girl.‎ ‎(　　)2. When the writer was at the new class, ________．‎ A. she lost her interest in music ‎ B. she had difficulty in learning C. she surprised everyone in solos ‎ D. she got separated from friends ‎(　　)3. What happened to the writer during the next two years?‎ A. She won many prizes without any effort.‎ B. She found the best way to become perfect.‎ C. She gave up trying because of the low scores.‎ D. She failed to be perfect though she worked hard.‎ ‎(　　)4. What has the writer realized recently?‎ A. There is no success without effort.‎ B. Being talented is the key to success.‎ C. Don't expect too much of yourself.‎ D. It's not necessary to care about the result.‎ ‎(　　)5. Which would be the best title for this passage?‎ A. When I wasn't perfect ‎ B. My past life as a young girl C. Hard work doesn't work ‎ D. What to do when you're not perfect 专项训练二 教育故事 参考答案 Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一直批评别人的窗户脏，却没有意识到其实是自己的窗户脏了。文章告诉我们：不要随意地评判别人，要先审视自己。‎ 1. B 2. D 3. C Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者大学毕业后因为没有工作经验，在找工作过程中屡屡受挫，后来在母亲的鼓励下终于找到了一份理想的工作。这个故事告诉我们：只要你坚持不懈，不轻言放弃，好运终将会与你相伴。‎ 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过牛顿发现苹果落地的原因、瓦特改良蒸汽机和弗格森制作木头钟表的故事论证了思考对于我们发明创造的重要意义。‎ ‎1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D Passage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位绅士从行为细节之处判断，并挑选出优秀的应聘者的故事。1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jean Harper在英语老师的鼓励下，通过10年的努力奋斗终于实现了自己要成为飞行员的梦想。她的经历告诉我们：有梦想就要坚持，并努力为之奋斗。‎ 1. ‎ C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当Jean还小的时候，她的梦想是。由文章第二段最后一句“She wrote about her dream to become an airline pilot.”可知Jean的梦想是成为一名飞行员。故选C。‎ 2. ‎ C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Jean花费了年成为了一名航空公司飞行员。由文章第七段第二句“It took her 10 years of hard work.”可知经过10年的努力，Jean成为了一名飞行员。故选C。‎ 3. ‎ A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：当Slaton老师对学生讲话时，她的意思是什么？由文章第五段最后一句“If you don't go after(追求) your dreams after you leave school, no one will do it for you.”可知有了梦想如果不去追求，没有人会为你去追求。Slaton老师的意思是告诉学生们有了梦想一定要去追求。故选A。‎ 1. ‎ B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从这个故事中我们能够学到什么？从Jean成功的经历来看，人们有了梦想之后，一定要努力奋斗。故选B。‎ Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的一名女同学喜欢指出她的缺点，作者为此生气。在父亲有意识的开导建议下，作者认识了真正的自己，从而改正了自己的缺点。最后作者认为：爸爸在很多重要的时刻改变了她，爸爸的建议是她听过的最好的建议。‎ 1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当简班级里的一个女孩儿指出她的缺点时，简多大？根据文中第一段第一句“When I was about twelve years old...”可知选B。‎ 2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：哪一件事情是简认为她不能改变的？根据第二段第三句“Some of them I couldn't change, like being very thin...”可知选A。‎ 3. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：谁改变了作者的观点？根据最后一段第一句“Daddy's advice has returned to me at many important moments.”可推断是爸爸改变了作者的想法，故选A。‎ 4. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：简的爸爸说“Make a list of everything ...”的真实意思是什么？根据第二段最后一句“For the first time I got a clear picture of myself.”以及第三段中的“... he said, ‘Now you know better about yourself.’．..”可知选C。‎ 5. B【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：下面哪一个是这篇文章最好的标题？根据最后一段第二句“In my life, I've never had a better piece of advice.”可推断出文章的最佳标题与建议相关。故选B。‎ Passage 7【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者进入新的班级以后，尽管非常努力，但还是没能做到最好。直到有一天她明白了其实不用对自己期望太高，世界上总有比自己优秀的人。‎ 1. A【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：“a prodigy”在英语中的意思可能是什么？根据第一段第一句“At my primary school, I was one of the smartest kids there.”以及本段倒数第二句“I could sing better than almost everyone else in my school.”可知在作者自己看来，她在音乐方面也是一个很有天赋的孩子。故选A。‎ 2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当作者到了新的班级中，。根据第三段第三句“My grades began to suffer.”和本段最后一句“I believed I was a failure.”可知，‎ 作者在学习上遇到了困难。故选B。‎ 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在接下来的两年中作者发生了什么事情？根据第四段最后两句“I worked really hard. However, I was never the best at everything.”可知，尽管作者很努力，她也没有做到完美。故选D。‎ 2. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者最近明白了什么？根据第五段第一句“I haven't realized until recently that I really don't have to be the best at everything.”可知，作者明白了不要对自己期望太高。故选C。‎ 3. A【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇短文的最好的标题是什么？本文的关键词就是“not perfect”，而且作者写的是自己过去的经历。故选A。‎ ‎ 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 ‎ Passage 1‎ ‎“In this life, what did you miss？”‎ The wife asked the husband when she was 25. Despondently (沮丧地), the husband replied, “I missed a new job chance.”‎ When she was 35, the husband angrily told her that he had just missed the bus.‎ At the age of 45, the husband sadly said，“I missed the chance seeing my close relative before his last breath.”‎ At 55, the husband said disappointedly, “I missed a good chance to retire(退休)．”‎ At 65, the husband hurriedly replied, “I missed visiting my dentist.”‎ At 75, the wife did not ask the husband any more, she was very sick. Remembering the question the wife used to ask him, this time the husband asked the wife the same question. The wife, with a smile and peaceful look, replied, “In this life, I did not miss having you！”‎ The husband was full of tears. He always thought they could be together forever. He was always busy with work and other things. He had never thought of his wife. The husband gave a big hug to the wife and said, “Over 50 years, how I had allowed myself to miss your deep love for ‎ me.”‎ ‎ Life does not last forever, so always live in the now. Don't neglect(忽视) the loved ones who care for you. Express your gratitude (感激) to your loved ones in words. Show your love with actions. Treat every day as the last day of life. In this way, when you are gone, your loved ones would have nothing to feel sorry about.‎ ‎ (　　)1. Every time the wife asked the husband what he missed in his life, the husband never thought of ________．‎ ‎ A. himself　 　B. money　 　C. his job　 　D. his wife ‎(　　)2. What did the husband realize at last?‎ A. His wife was too tired.‎ B. His wife would die down.‎ C. His wife loved him very much.‎ D. He should ask his wife the same question.‎ ‎(　　)3. From the passage, we know the wife was ________．‎ A. loving and patient B. outgoing and careless C. caring and shy D. unhealthy ‎(　　)4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?‎ A. The husband didn't love his wife at all.‎ B. The husband's close relative died when his wife was 45.‎ C. The husband wasn't always busy with his work and other things.‎ D. When people are gone, their loved ones usually have nothing to feel sorry about.‎ ‎(　　)5. What does the writer suggest us doing in the passage?‎ A. Doing many things for our family.‎ B. Treating every day as the best day of life.‎ C. Letting our loved ones know about our care and love.‎ D. Asking our family the question what they missed in their life.‎ ‎ Passage 2‎ In a cold winter, a couple had to move out of their big house because of bankruptcy(破产)．The husband worked day and night but with no care of his wife. So she thought，“He doesn't ‎ love me anymore; he just thinks about his work.”‎ One day, she wanted to take a shower, but her husband stopped her at the door.“Let me take it first, OK？”“Why not let me take it first？” she asked.“I'm tired, dear. You take it later, OK？”She was very sad.‎ On a rainy day, she found nothing to do and turned on his computer. After a few minutes, her eyes were full of tears...here was his diary：‎ Today, I was quite sad. My wife asked me why I was always taking the shower first, and I said I was tired. She was unhappy. I wasn't as rich as before! We moved to the small house and it was very cold. I found that if one person took the shower first, the bathroom could get a little warmer. So I always rushed to the bathroom first. When she took the shower, the bathroom could get warmer, at least 1℃. I can't give her more, but at least I can give her 1℃ love.‎ ‎(　　)1. The couple moved out of their big house because________．‎ A. they became poor ‎ B. they found a new house C. they didn't love each other ‎ D. they found new jobs in other place ‎ ‎(　　)2. Why did the woman think her husband didn't love her?‎ A. Because he had another woman.‎ B. Because he took the shower first.‎ C. Because he worked day and night.‎ D. Because he was too busy to take notice of her.‎ ‎(　　)3. What made the woman full of tears?‎ A. She felt her husband's love from his diary.‎ B. She was sad to see her husband's words.‎ C. Her husband worked day and night.‎ D. She couldn't take the shower first.‎ ‎(　　)4. The husband took the shower first because________．‎ A. he didn't care about his wife B. he wanted to make the bathroom warmer C. he was tired and wanted to go to bed earlier D. he thought men should take the shower first ‎(　　)5. What is the best title of this passage?‎ A. 1℃ Love. ‎ B. A Diary on the Computer.‎ C. The Couple Loved Each Other. ‎ D. The Best Way to Express Love. ‎ ‎ Passage 3‎ An old man was sitting on the sofa with Mike, his 45yearold son. Suddenly a dove(鸽子) landed on the ground.‎ The father asked his son，“What is this？”‎ The son replied，“It is a dove.”‎ After a few minutes, the father asked his son for the second time，“What is this？”‎ The son said，“Father, I have just told you. It's a dove.”‎ After a little while, the old father asked his son for the third time，“What is this？”‎ This time Mike could not control his anger and shouted，“It's a dove, a dove. Why do you keep asking me the same question again and again? I have told you so many times ‘IT IS A DOVE！’ Don't you understand this？” ‎ The old man silently took out an old diary, turned to a page and showed it to Mike. Though a little impatient(不耐烦), Mike began to read it.‎ ‎“Today my little son aged three was sitting with me on the sofa, when a dove landed on the ground, and my son asked me what it was. I smiled at him, said it was a dove and hugged him. After a while Mike asked me again and I did the same. Pointing to the same dove, little Mike asked me what it was 23 times and I kept on answering his question and hugging him every time.”‎ Something gently touched Mike's heart. His face turned red with shame for being so impatient to his father and he hugged him tightly(紧紧地)．‎ Your parents have given you many things in their lifetime, but you may not realize that until they are gone.‎ ‎(　　)1. Why did the old man ask his son the question again and again?‎ A. He didn't know the dove.‎ B. He liked to ask questions.‎ C. He couldn't remember anything.‎ D. He tried to teach his son something in his lifetime.‎ ‎(　　)2. How many times did the father ask his son the same question?‎ A. Twice. B. Three times.‎ C. Five times. D. Twentythree times.‎ ‎(　　)3. What did the father do after Mike asked him the question?‎ A. Shouting at him. B. Hugging him.‎ C. Keeping silent. D. Being angry with him.‎ ‎(　　)4. Why did Mike's face turn red?‎ A. He was shy. B. He felt surprised.‎ C. He felt shamed. D. He was afraid of his father.‎ ‎(　　)5. What really touched Mike's heart according to the passage?‎ A. His father's diary. B. His father's love.‎ C. His father's answers. D. His father's hugs.‎ ‎ Passage 4‎ It was a Christmas night. I was an unlucky nurse who had to work on such a beautiful festival. When I was complaining(抱怨) about it, three people appeared at my desk — a tired woman and two children.‎ ‎“Are you all sick？” I asked doubtfully because they seemed all right.‎ ‎“Yes，” the woman answered weakly and lowered her head.‎ But when they started to present their problems, things became unclear. One child had a fever, but his temperature was OK. The other child had an earache, but she could not tell me which ear hurt. It seemed that the mother was pretending(假装) to cough.‎ Something was wrong. But I only explained that it might take a while before a doctor could ‎ meet them. “Take your time, please.” said the mother. I checked their charts — no address. Suddenly I knew, they were homeless while the hospital was warm.‎ The family huddled(蜷缩) together under the Christmas tree, smiling and talking with each other sweetly. Quietly, I went back to the nurses' station and told them what happened in the waiting room. It was just like God sending us a gift on Christmas Day. The nurses' station suddenly came back to life. All the nurses went into action for “a Christmas emergency(急诊)”．‎ We took out our meals for our Christmas “patients”. We also put together oranges and apples as presents. We tried to exceed the needs of a family who only wanted a warm place on Christmas night. Later, the little girl kissed me and said, “Thanks for being our angel(天使)．”‎ ‎(　　)1. Before the family appeared in the hospital, the writer was very ________．‎ A. proud　　　　B. unhappy　　　　C. pleased ‎(　　)2. The family came to the hospital because ________．‎ A. they came to visit a patient B. they were all sick C. they were homeless ‎(　　)3. The nurses offered the family meals and gifts in order to ________．‎ A. make them feel at home B. make them leave C. make them feel upset ‎(　　)4. What does the underlined word “exceed” in this passage mean?‎ A. 降低 B. 超出 C. 拒绝 ‎(　　)5. From the story, we learn that ________．‎ A. homeless people often tell lies B. a hospital is a good place to spend Christmas night C. we should always be friendly and kind to those in need ‎ Passage 5‎ Huw Thomas fell in love with Megan. But then an accident changed his life, and he had to move to Canada. Megan promised to write to him. But Huw never heard from her... until one day a letter arrived.‎ He saw the letter came from where he and his father had lived in their early years. Who was writing to him? He turned the envelope(信封) over in his hands several times. Then he took out the letter and read：‎ Dear Huw，‎ I don't know if this letter will reach you, and I don't really know why I'm writing to you after all these years, but...‎ Huw turned to the end of the letter and saw: ‎ Best wishes Megan He couldn't believe it. He turned back to the first words of the letter and read: ‎ ‎...after all these years, but I've just found your letters to me from Canada. Believe me, this was the first time I'd read them and they made me cry, even after 50 years. I found them in a box of my father's papers. They were never opened.‎ Huw, I never knew that you'd written to me. I thought your new life in Canada had made you forget me. Now I realize that my father kept your letters. I can still remember asking him if there was any letter for me, and he always said：“____▲____， my girl. I told you he was no good.” Finally, after about a year, I believed him.‎ But why did he keep the letters? Do you think he wanted me to find them when it was too late? Anyway, he's dead now, so I can't ask him. All I can say is I'm sorry. Sorry for what my father did, sorry that you never heard from me and sorry for...everything.‎ I hope that at least this letter reaches you. Of course, I'll understand if you don't want to write back to me, but if you do, I am still Megan Jenkins, and I still live at the same address.‎ Best wishes.‎ Megan Huw read the letter again. Everything with Megan came back to him. He had never forgotten her. He couldn't. Every day he looked at her face on the wall. He had a drawing of her. It had traveled everywhere with him. But to hear from her again...‎ ‎“Are you all right, Dad？” asked Mike, coming into the room.‎ ‎(Adapted from Two Lives by Helen Naylor)‎ ‎(　　)1. Why did Huw turn to the end of the letter before he finished the rest of it?‎ A. Because he was not interested in the beginning.‎ B. Because he didn't like to read letters from Megan.‎ C. Because he wanted to finish reading it in a short time.‎ D. Because he wanted to know whom the letter was from.‎ ‎(　　)2. Megan failed to read Huw's letters because________．‎ A. her father kept them 　　　　B. they were lost on the way C. she moved to another city 　　　　D. he didn't post them at all ‎(　　)3. Which of the following sentences can be put in the____▲____？‎ A. Sorry, it's my fault B. Look up here C. No, he has forgotten you D. Yes, here are the ones from him ‎(　　)4. What can we infer from the passage?‎ A. Huw had never got married all these years.‎ B. Megan was still living with her father in Canada.‎ C. Megan was sure that Huw would receive her letter.‎ D. Megan still loved Huw and felt sorry for what had ‎ happened.‎ ‎ Passage 6‎ My friend named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a lovely boy was walking around the shining car.“Is this your car, sir？”he asked.‎ Paul answered, “Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas.” The boy was surprised. “You mean your brother gave it to you and it did cost you nothing? Sir, I wish...”He hesitated(犹豫). Of course Paul knew what the boy wanted, but what the boy said surprised him greatly. “I wish，”the boy went on, “that I could be a brother like that.” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, ‎ and then he said, “Would you like to take a ride in my car？”“Oh yes, I'd love to.”the boy answered.‎ After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said, “Sir, would you mind stopping in front of my house？”‎ Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again. “Will you stop where those two stairs are？”the boy asked.‎ He went up to the stairs. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled(残疾的)brother. He sat on the stair and pointed to the car.‎ ‎“There he is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a dollar. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it...then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas windows that I've been trying to tell you about.”‎ Paul got out and lifted Buddy to the front seat of his car. The shiningeyed elder brother climbed in behind him and the three began an unforgettable holiday ride.‎ ‎(　　)1. Why was the boy surprised?‎ A. Because he saw Paul coming out of his office.‎ B. Because Paul gave a car to his brother.‎ C. Because Paul told him about the car.‎ D. Because he received a Christmas present.‎ ‎(　　)2. Why did the boy ask Paul to stop his car in front of his house?‎ A. Because he wanted to show he had a rich friend.‎ B. Because he wanted to show his neighbors the big car.‎ C. Because he wanted to let his brother ride in the car.‎ D. Because he wanted to tell his brother about his wish.‎ ‎(　　)3. What did the lovely boy wish?‎ A. He wished he could take a ride in Paul's car.‎ B. He wished Paul could give his car to Buddy.‎ C. He wished he could be a brother like Paul's.‎ D. He wished he could see all the nice things in the Christmas windows.‎ ‎(　　)4. Who was crippled in the passage?‎ A. Paul. 　　　　　　B. The lovely boy.‎ C. The boy's brother. 　　　　　　D. Paul's brother.‎ ‎(　　)5. What's the best title of this passage?‎ A. A Christmas present 　　　　　　‎ B. A good brother C. A shining car 　　　　　　‎ D. An unforgettable holiday ride 专项训练三 情感故事 ‎ Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。通过一对夫妻对于“你这一生中，错失了什么？”这一问题的回答，告诉我们不要忽视关心爱我们的人。‎ 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了一对夫妇因为破产搬出大房子，丈夫总是抢着先洗澡，妻子以为丈夫不爱自己了，后来才发现丈夫是为了提高浴室的温度，给她1℃的爱。‎ 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A ‎ Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。迈克牙牙学语时，窗外飞来一只鸽子，他问了父亲23遍“那是什么？”，等到父亲渐老时，儿子对父亲同样的问题却显得不耐烦。当父亲拿出日记让迈克看后，迈克感到羞愧同时也被父亲的爱打动。‎ 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. B Passage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了圣诞节晚上发生在候诊室的一个故事。作者以此来告诉我们：我们应该总是对那些身处困境的人友好并且善待他们。‎ 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了相恋的情侣因为写给对方的信件被藏而未能在一起。令人欣慰的是，他们依然挂念彼此。‎ 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么休还没看完就先翻到了信的末尾？由第二段第二句“Who was writing to him？”和第四段第一句“He couldn't believe it.”，再结合第一段的“休从没收到过梅根的来信”可推测出是他想知道谁写来的。故选D。‎ 1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：梅根没能读到休的信是因为。由文章中的“Now I realize that my father kept your letters.”可知是梅根的父亲“保存”了信。故选A。‎ 2. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：下列哪一个句子可以被放到▲？根据空格后的“my girl. I told you he was no good.” 以及父亲将休寄来的信藏起来可知，父亲告诉女儿，休已经忘记她了。故选C。‎ 3. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从文章中我们可以推断出什么？由文章中的“...I'm sorry. Sorry for what my father did, sorry that you never heard from me and sorry for...”可推测出她很抱歉，同时根据梅根写给休的信件内容可知，她依然深爱着休。故选D。‎ Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个男孩听说了“我”的哥哥在圣诞节送给“我”一辆车后，让“我”将车开到他家前，让他残疾的弟弟看着这辆车，并告诉他自己会努力，将来也送给弟弟这样的礼物。由此可见兄弟情深。‎ 1. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：为什么这个男孩很惊讶？根据第二段中的“The boy was surprised. ‘You mean your brother gave it to you and it did cost you nothing？'”可知，男孩是对于作者谈论车的事感到吃惊。故选C。‎ 2. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：为什么男孩让保罗把车停在自己房子前？根据前文男孩说“I wish...that I could be a brother like that.”以及后文中，男孩在弟弟面前说出自己的心愿，可知他想要将他的心愿告诉他的弟弟。故选D。‎ 3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：这个可爱的男孩有什么愿望？根据前文男孩说“I wish...that I could be a brother like that.”可知选C。‎ 4. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在短文中，谁是残疾的？根据短文倒数第三段中的“He was carrying his little crippled(残疾的) brother.”可知选C。‎ 5. B【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇短文最好的标题是什么？通读全文可知，圣诞礼物只是一个引子，文章主要介绍了一位令人感动的哥哥。故选B。‎ ‎ 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 ‎ Passage 1‎ ‎ Once upon a time, a hippo(河马) lived in a river next to a big tree.‎ One day, a bird came and nested(筑巢) in the tree. The songs of the bird filled the hippo with so much envy(羡慕) that he couldn't think of anything else. Every day he would think why he wasn't born to be a bird even though the bird told him many times he was so lucky to be so big and such a good swimmer.‎ Finally, the hippo made up his mind that he would come out of the river, climb the tree, and start singing. However, when he tried to climb the tree, it was very clear that the hippo didn't have wings, nor claws to climb with.‎ Realizing that he would never climb up the tree, he angrily hit the tree until it came crashing to the ground. Then he stepped onto the leaves of the fallen tree, and began singing.‎ Unfortunately, hippos can't sing, either. All that came from his mouth were terrible noises, and when the other animals heard this, they all came around to make fun of the hippo.‎ He was so ashamed by this. He also felt bad about having knocked the tree over. He used all his strength to raise the tree back up again, and look after it until it completely recovered(康复)．‎ ‎(　　)1. The hippo envied the bird because ________．‎ A. he could fly high　　　　　B. he could build a nest C. he could sing well D. he could live in the tree ‎ ‎(　　)2. After reading this passage, we know ________．‎ A. the writer is telling us a true story B. the story happened on an autumn day C. the bird thought he was luckier than the hippo D. the hippo tried to do something against his nature ‎(　　)3. The hippo in this story ________．‎ A. was happy all the time B. did not respect his friends C. liked to talk a lot but did nothing D. corrected his mistake when he realized it ‎(　　)4. From the passage, we can infer(推断) that the hippo would ________ after such an experience.‎ A. be a good singer B. be good at climbing trees C. stop envying the bird D. not make friends with other animals ‎(　　)5. The best title of this passage may be “________”．‎ A. The hippo that wished to sing B. The tree that was knocked over C. The bird that wished to swim D. The animals that were in high spirits Passage 2‎ There were three big fish in the lake. One of them, Demo, was wise; another one, Jimmy, was halfwise; Martin, the third one, was stupid.‎ Some fishermen came to the bank of the lake with their nets. The three fish saw them.‎ Demo decided at once to leave, to make the long and difficult trip to the ocean. He thought, “I won't discuss with these two about this. They love this place so much that they call it home and will stay on. How silly they are! They still haven't realized we are in great danger now. Their ignorance will cost them their lives.”‎ Seeing the wise fish had left, Jimmy thought，“My guide has gone and now I've lost my chance to escape.” He felt sorry for it and then thought, “What can I do to save myself from these men and their nets? Perhaps I should pretend(假装) to be already dead, giving myself totally to the water.” So he did that. He went up and down with the water, helpless, within arm's reach of the fishermen.‎ ‎“Look at this! The best and biggest fish is dead.” One of the men lifted him by the tail, and threw him up on the ground. He rolled(滚动) over and over and moved secretly toward the water, and then, back in.‎ The third fish was aimlessly jumping about, trying to escape with his speed and cleverness. The net, of course, finally closed around him, and as he lay in the hot fryingpan bed, he thought, “If I get out of this, I'll never live again in the limits of the lake. Next time, the ocean! I'll make it my home.”‎ ‎(　　)1. The passage is a ________．‎ A. diary　　　　　B. story　　　　　C. notice ‎(　　)2. The underlined word “ignorance” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.‎ A. 冲动 B. 勇气 C. 愚昧 ‎(　　)3. Jimmy thought that he could escape from the fishermen by ________．‎ A. traveling to the ocean ‎ B. pretending to be dead ‎ C. jumping here and there ‎(　　)4. Who was caught by the fishermen at last?‎ A. Demo. B. Jimmy. C. Martin.‎ ‎(　　)5. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. It is important to make proper changes in time.‎ B. Good chances are always given to the honest.‎ C. The stupid can also succeed with great efforts.‎ Passage 3‎ ‎ Sometimes people come into your life and you know at once that they were sure to be there. They serve some certain purpose, teach you a lesson or help find out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be: your classmate, neighbor, teacher, longlost friend or even a real stranger. But you know that every moment they will influence your life in some serious way.‎ Sometimes things happen to you. At the time they may seem terrible, painful and unfair. But later you realize that without overcoming those difficulties, you would have never realized your ‎ further ability and advantages. Everything happens for a reason and nothing happens by chance or with good or bad luck.‎ The people you meet influence your life, and the success and failure you experience create who you are. Even the bad experience can be learned from. In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones. ‎ Enjoy every day even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again. Talk to people whom you have never talked to before, and really listen. You should set your goals high, hold your head up, tell yourself you are a great one and believe in yourself.‎ ‎ You can make your life anything you wish. Create your own life and then go out and live it.‎ ‎(　　)1. The people we meet ________．‎ A. all know where to find us ‎ B. serve us on no purpose C. won't become our neighbor ‎ D. will change us in some way ‎(　　)2. From the passage, we know that bad things can make us ________．‎ A. realize our further ability ‎ B. terribly meet bad luck C. find no serious success ‎ D. possibly enjoy every moment ‎(　　)3. The underlined word “poignant” in the passage means “________” in Chinese.‎ A. 平淡的 　　B. 明显的 　　C. 深刻的 　　D. 艰苦的 ‎(　　)4. The writer's advice is that we should ________．‎ ‎ A. never talk to strange people ‎ B. learn as much as we can each day ‎ C. overcome difficulties painfully ‎ D. not believe in ourselves but others ‎(　　)5. Which is the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. Create Your Own Life ‎ ‎ B. Hold Your Head Up ‎ C. People You Meet in Life ‎ D. Things Happen to You 专项训练四 哲理故事 参考答案 ‎ Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍的是河马羡慕鸟会飞、会爬树、会唱歌，因此自己学习爬树、唱歌而引起的闹剧。文章告诉我们：人各有所长，不要因为羡慕别人的长处，忽视自己的优点，更不能违背自然规律。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：河马羡慕鸟是因为。根据第二段第二句“The songs of the bird filled the hippo with so much envy(羡慕) that he couldn't think of anything else.”可知河马羡慕鸟的歌声。故选C。‎ 2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：读完文章后，我们知道。根据第三段第一句“Finally, the hippo made up his mind that he would come out of the river, climb the tree, and start singing.”可知河马试图做一些违背他的本性的事情。故选D。‎ 3. ‎ D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在这个故事中河马。根据本文最后一句“He used all his strength to raise the tree back up again, and look after it until it completely recovered(康复)．”可知河马意识到自己的错误，并改正了错误。故选D。‎ 4. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从这篇文章中，我们可以推断河马在这样的一个经历之后。根据最后一段可知河马意识到了自己的错误，费力将撞倒的树扶正并照顾它康复，因此推测它不再羡慕那只鸟了。故选C。‎ 5. A【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章的最佳标题可能是“”。主要讲述了一只渴望离开水、学唱歌、学爬树的河马的故事，故选A。‎ Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了三条鱼面对被捕获的危险时做出了不同的反应，并有了不同的结局。这告诉我们及时做出改变很重要。‎ 1. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇文章是一个。 根据短文内容可以知这是一个故事，故选B。‎ 2. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：短文中划线单词“ignorance”的汉语意思是“”。根据上句“They still haven't realized we are in great danger now.‎ ‎ ”可知这两条鱼是不聪明、不敏锐的。故选C。‎ 1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Jimmy认为他可以通过逃过渔民的捕捉。根据第四段第二句“...What can I do to save myself from these men and their nets? Perhaps I should pretend(假装) to be already dead...”可知Jimmy 通过装死逃过渔民的捕捉，故选B。‎ 2. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：最后谁被渔民抓到了？根据最后一段并结合第一段中的“...Martin, the third one, was stupid.”可知Martin被抓。故选C。 ‎ 3. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：通过短文我们可以学到什么？根据故事情节可知，如果第三条鱼也早一点游去大海，也不会被捕。故事告诉我们及时做出改变的重要性。故选A。Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。有时，你遇到的人会影响你的生活；有时，你经历的成功和失败也会成就你。因此，珍惜生命中所遇到的一切，制定目标，相信自己，努力创造自己的生活。‎ 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们所遇到的人。根据第一段最后一句“But you know that every moment they will influence your life in some serious way.”可知，我们所遇到的这些人会在某种程度上影响我们，改变我们，故选D。‎ 2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从这篇文章中我们得知坏的事情能使我们。根据第二段第三句“But later you realize that without overcoming those difficulties, you would have never realized your further ability and advantages.”可知，那些不好的事情可以让我们意识到我们的潜在能力和优点，故选A。‎ 3. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：文章中划线单词“poignant”的汉语意思是“”。根据第三段前两句“The people you meet influence your life, and the success and failure you experience create who you are. Even the bad experience can be learned from.”可知，你的成功和失败会造就你是一个什么样的人，即使是坏的经历你也可以从中学到很多；再结合常识可知往往是那些不好的事情会让人们有更深刻的印象，故选C。‎ 4. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者的建议是我们应该。根据第四段第一句“Enjoy every day even every moment and take from it everything that you possibly can, for you may never be able to experience it again.”可知作者希望人们能充分利用好每一天，故选B。‎ 5. A【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：文章的最佳标题是哪一个？根据本文最后一句“Create your own life and then go out and live it.”及文章的主旨大意可知，作者是鼓励人们要制定自己的人生目标，创造自己的生活，故选A。‎ 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 Passage 1‎ Mahalya Daye is a student in Grade 8 at Lamberton Middle School in Pennsylvania, US. Every afternoon at 2 o'clock, she runs to a store at her school, she is not running to buy snacks. Instead, she works as the storekeeper and helps count change(零钱) for customers.‎ ‎“I didn't know that it took so much work. I didn't do anything like this，” Mahalya told The Sentinel, a local newspaper.‎ In fact, she and another 11 students work as the storekeepers at Bison Bargains, the school's first studentrun store. It started on February 22, and it opens each school day during break time from 2 to 2∶30 p．m. It mainly sells stationery and snacks.‎ Through this, students see what a business is like. Christian Ilg, a 14yearold student, was really surprised by how hard it was to not make mistakes and do the transactions(交易). “It's kind of a challenge to learn all the information on the stock(供应物) lists and remember all the prices of the products，” Christian told the newspaper.‎ To help them learn about business, they took a class. The class taught students how to use money and some simple business rules.‎ The school did a survey on what products students would buy from a school store. In the future, they plan to sell things made by the students themselves. For example, students can sell their homemade pencil boxes and phone cases.‎ ‎(　　)1. Mahalya runs to a store in her school to________．‎ A. buy some snacks　　　　　B. learn about customers C. work as the storekeeper D. learn about the information ‎(　　)2. What does the underlined word “stationery” mean in Chinese?‎ A. 文具　　　B. 餐具　　　C. 道具　　　D. 家具 ‎(　　)3. How long does Bison Bargains open each school day during ‎ break time?‎ A. 60 minutes. B. 50 minutes.‎ C. 40 minutes. D. 30 minutes.‎ ‎(　　)4. The purpose of having a studentrun store is to ________．‎ A. teach students to learn from mistakes B. help students see what a business is like C. sell more stationery and snacks to students D. start a class on how to use money in the store ‎(　　)5. What is this passage mainly about?‎ A. The school's new program, a studentrun store.‎ B. The results of a survey on the studentrun store.‎ C. The reasons of opening a studentrun store.‎ D. The rules of the studentrun store.‎ ‎ Passage 2(2016丽水)‎ A team is a group of people with a common goal. A school's football team has two goals. One goal is to win. That is what the team wants to do. The other goal is to build character. Character is what a person values, how a person gets along with others. That is why schools have football teams. They want to help students build good values.‎ Each team member builds character. They learn to cooperate(合作). They learn to make good decisions. They work hard. They practice every day. They learn to follow the rules.‎ Each team member has a position(位置). Each position is part of winning. No one player has the ability to win the game for the team. Only if the team works together does a team win. People often say, “There_is_no_I_in_TEAM.”‎ Whether the team wins or loses, at the end of the game they congratulate the other team. That is called sportsmanship. While they fight to win during the game, it is just a game. They cannot be angry with the other team. If they are, they'll hear from their coach.‎ ‎__▲__ makes sure the team reaches the school's goal. The coach cares about the whole team. The coach gives each player advice. When the team wins, everyone celebrates. And the coach is glad. But after the season is over, the coach is still happy. The coach gets to see the players as they go to school every day. The character they have built is part of their success in school, too.‎ Some coaches say that if you go into a classroom at their school you'll be able to tell the players. It is not that they are bigger than the other students. It is the ones who are helping other ‎ students work. Teamwork is part of their lives.‎ ‎(　　)1. Schools build football teams mainly to help students________．‎ A. get good grades B. become leaders C. build good values D. improve football skills ‎(　　)2. What does the underlined sentence “There is no I in TEAM.” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A. I never take part in the game.‎ B. I am not a member of the team.‎ C. A famous star is the key to success.‎ D. Teamwork comes first during the game.‎ ‎(　　)3. Which of the following can be put in the blank in Paragraph 5?‎ A. The captain B. The coach C. The headmaster D. The monitor ‎(　　)4. Some coaches think football players are different from others because they are ________．‎ A. taller B. bigger C. more helpful D. more talented ‎ Passage 3(2016乐山) ‎ When we say a person blows his own trumpet(小号), we mean he talks a lot about his own achievements(成就). That expression usually shows disapproval(不赞成). But recently at a top private girls' school in Britain, students were encouraged to blow their own trumpet.‎ Some excellent girls are under a great deal of pressure(压力) and find it difficult to accept their success. The purpose of the “Blow Your Own Trumpet” week was to help these students. “Some teenagers will continue to push themselves and never realise that they've done enough，” said Ms. Hanbury, head of Wimbledon High School in London, “Without being able to accept when things have gone right, some girls might never be happy”．‎ The school wanted to help the girls build an ability to get better from setbacks quickly, so they wouldn't think it was the end of the world if they didn't do well in an exam. In the “Blow Your Own Trumpet” week, students were encouraged to talk about their experiences of success and failure. They were also asked to think carefully about their achievements in each subject during lessons, make videos and act out plays to tell the stories of success and failure in classes.‎ Ms. Hanbury said she wanted her students to be confident in the things they're good at and to also know they're not good at everything. It was important for them to know their own strengths(长处) and weaknesses, she added. She also said girls needed to understand that being praised for achievements was quite different from showing off(炫耀)．‎ ‎(　　)1. If someone blows his own trumpet, he ________．‎ A. likes playing musical instrument B. always lies to people he doesn't like C. likes talking about how successful he is D. always minds too much if others do something wrong ‎(　　)2. The purpose of building up the “Blow Your Own Trumpet” week was ________．‎ A. to guide students how to manage their time well B. to let students learn about the importance of winning C. to teach students how to praise themselves without being shy D. to help students deal with difficulties and accept their success ‎(　　)3. If the girls didn't do well in an exam, the school wanted them to feel ________．‎ A. sad and hopeless B. it was not the end of the world C. they could do nothing but study harder D. it was necessary to always do better than others ‎(　　)4. What does the underlined word “setbacks” mean in Chinese?‎ A. 弱点 　B. 吹嘘 C. 病痛 D. 挫折 ‎(　　)5. Students at the school did all of the following in the “Blow Your Own Trumpet” week EXCEPT ________．‎ A. talking about their failures B. making videos about their hobbies C. thinking about the progress they've made D. telling the stories of success and failure through plays 专项训练五 校园生活 参考答案 Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Mahalya和其他11名学生在学校商店工作的经历，这让学生们对商业活动有了更深的了解。‎ 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A Passage 2【主旨大意】本文为一篇议论文。作者通过介绍足球运动向我们阐述了团队精神的重要性。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：学校组建足球队主要是为了帮助学生们 。根据第一段第二至第五句“A school's football team has two goals...The other goal is to build character.”可知学校组建足球队的目的有两个，即赢得比赛和培养学生品质，故选C。‎ 2. D【解析】句意猜测题。题干意为：第三段中划线句子“There is no I in TEAM.”是什么意思？由第三段第三、四句“No one player has the ability...Only if the team works together does a team win.”可知没有一个运动员有独自赢得比赛的能力，只有团队协作才可能赢得(比赛)，故划线部分意为“在比赛中团队合作是首要的”，故选D。‎ 3. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：下面哪一项能放在第五段空白处？根据本段内容可知本段主要讲的是教练在团队合作中的作用，故选B。‎ 4. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：一些教练认为足球运动员与其他人不同，是因为他们 。根据最后一段第二、三句“It is not that they are bigger than the other students.It is the ones who are helping other students work.”可知足球运动员更懂得去帮助别人，故选C。‎ Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕“Blow Your Own Trumpet(自吹自擂)”展开，以英国一所顶级私立女子学校为例介绍了这一活动，鼓励学生说出自己取得的成功，借此来帮助她们建立从失败或挫折中快速恢复的能力。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：如果有人自我吹嘘，那么他。根据文中第一段第一句“...we mean he talks a lot about his own achievements(成就)．”可知，他大肆谈论自己的成就。故选C。‎ 2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：建立“自吹自擂”周的目的是。根据文中第二段第一、二句“Some excellent girls ...The purpose of the ‘Blow Your Own Trumpet’ week was to help these students.”可知，有些优秀的女生处于极大的压力中，接受自己的成功是困难的，所以要建立“自吹自擂”周来帮助她们。故选D。‎ 1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：如果女孩们在考试中表现得不好，学校想要她们感觉。根据文中第三段第一句“The school wanted to help the girls build an ability to get better from setbacks quickly, so they wouldn't think it was the end of the world if they didn't do well in an exam.”可知，学校不希望她们认为这是世界末日。故选B。‎ 2. D【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“setbacks”的汉语意思是什么？根据单词所在句子中的“...if they didn't do well in an exam.”可推知，它的意思是“挫折”。故选D。‎ 3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在“自吹自擂”周中，学生们做了下面的事，除了。根据文中第三段第二句“In the ‘Blow Your Own Trumpet’ week, students were encouraged to talk about their experiences of success and failure.”可知A项是正确的；根据第三段最后一句“They were also asked to think carefully about their achievements in each subject during lessons, make videos and act out plays to tell the stories of success and failure in classes.”可知C、D是正确的。用排除法，故选B。‎ ‎ 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 ‎ Passage 1‎ Dear Merry，‎ Recently, I have trouble with my study.‎ In school I can't listen to teachers carefully because I always feel tired and sleepy. I don't spend time with friends after class either because I think it's a waste of time. I even miss writing some answers in the test.‎ At home, I can't get my homework done every night. My parents don't let me stay up. So I have to get up early the next morning to finish it. Lately, I even get a bad headache.‎ How can I solve these problems?‎ Yours，‎ Liu YaDear Liu Ya，‎ When you have trouble listening to teachers carefully in class, you_can_ask_your_teachers_or_deskmate_to_remind_you_often. Then spending time talking about many different things with friends can make you happy. It's not a waste of time. As for homework, when it's hard to get finished, one thing you can try is setting goals for yourself. Ask your parents to help you. You must take a break, especially if you don't feel well. You might be surprised but a short break can help you get more done! Lastly, if you don't worry and have enough sleep, your headache will leave you.‎ Yours，‎ Merry ‎(　　)1. Liu Ya wrote the letter to Merry in order to ________．‎ A. ask for help　B. express worries　C. share her experience ‎(　　)2. Liu Ya doesn't want to stay with friends after class because ________．‎ A. she needs to sleep B. she thinks it's a waste of time C. she has trouble with her classmates ‎(　　)3. Merry thinks ________．‎ A. taking a break is necessary B. being with parents is helpful C. setting goals by parents is important ‎(　　)4. According to the underlined part, what might Liu Ya's teacher say?‎ A. Sleep for a minute. 　　　　　B. Listen carefully.‎ C. Stop talking.‎ ‎(　　)5. From Liu Ya's letter, we can find that she is too ________．‎ A. passive B. proud C. stressed ‎ Passage 2‎ Lady Rita Got a bad grade, afraid to show my parents Report cards are going out this Friday, and I realized I had failed in chemistry. My parents are probably going to kill me for that. What should I do？‎ Answers Butterfly ‎　　It is better to be honest with them and tell them it is a very difficult course and you are trying your hardest. Promise them you will work harder. Study a little every night so when your next test comes you'll be much more prepared.‎ Derp ‎　　Let me guess, you have always been a great student and slipped up just this one time? Explain that to your parents.‎ Male T ‎　　You should learn from insects—when they try to cross a wall, they fall down again and again until at some time they get success.‎ Naughty ‎　　Do what I did...show your parents your report cards and then simply ask them...“Did any one of you guys ever fail a test？”‎ Flower ‎　　I never showed my parents my test scores. It's none of their business！‎ ‎(　　)1. Lady Rita put her question here to ________．‎ A. ask for help　　　　　B. draw others' attention C. please her parents D. share her grades with others ‎(　　)2. How many people advised Lady Rita to tell the truth?‎ A. Five.　　　B. Four.　　　C. Three.　　　D. Two.‎ ‎(　　)3. According to Butterfly, ________．‎ A. nobody can do well in chemistry B. better preparation may lead to better grades C. you won't get bad grades if you do your best D. parents don't care how their kids do at school ‎(　　)4. What can we learn from Male T's suggestion?‎ A. Knowledge is power.‎ B. There's no smoke without fire.‎ C. Failure is the mother of success.‎ D. Good news never goes beyond the gate.‎ ‎(　　)5. What do we know about Naughty?‎ A. He does well in all his subjects.‎ B. His parents used to be great students.‎ C. He thinks it's normal to fail sometimes.‎ D. He dare not show his grades to his parents.‎ Passage 3‎ During my first two weeks at the University of California, Berkeley, I experienced some unexpected, funny, and sometimes embarrassing(令人尴尬的)situations. Allow me to share some with you.‎ But first, let me give advice to other foreign students who plan to study in the United States. Check the weather before coming! I was very sure that California was sunny all year around so I left all my jackets and sweaters in Paris. It was a huge mistake! It rained almost every day during the first week in Berkeley.‎ I have to say that I quickly forgot these unlucky events. Life in Berkeley is very pleasant and everything is so easy compared to Paris. For example, in only 24 hours I bought a mobile phone and made the lease(租约)agreement for a flat. What's more, almost all the shops are open on Sunday, which is very practical for me.‎ The first thing that surprised me is that students may come late to class. They freely enter and leave the classroom many times during class. In France, students respect the teacher's lesson, so they are never late and they leave the classroom only at the end of the class.‎ The local people in California are in general very nice, open and active. However, I am not totally used to their habits yet. Indeed, I was used to shaking my friends' hands every day in France. During my second day at Berkeley, I shook the hand of one of my classmates whom I had met the day before and he told me “I think we already met！”‎ Another funny story happened during the first party I attended: A girl that I met before came to hug me, I thought she wanted to kiss me like we usually do in France to say hello. So I kissed her and she seemed a little bit embarrassed.‎ I live a great experience at present, and I would just encourage any student to become a member in a program at UC, Berkeley.‎ ‎(　　)1. According to the writer's advice, before students study in America, they should ‎ ‎________.‎ A. make a lease agreement for a flat B. leave their warm clothes at home C. pay attention to the local weather D. prepare a phone as early as possible ‎(　　)2. When the writer's classmate said “I think we already met！”， he meant ________．‎ A. he and the writer had known each other in France B. Americans needn't shake hands when they met again C. he was not used to shaking hands with others D. the writer had forgotten about their last meeting ‎(　　)3. What does the writer mainly want to tell us?‎ A. His experience at UC, Berkeley.‎ B. The relationship between classmates.‎ C. His advice on studying abroad.‎ D. The difference in attending a class.‎ Passage 4‎ Students who get tired of looking at the four walls of a classroom might like to take the nature course being offered by Carvel College again this summer. Groups of about a dozen students each, led by an experienced guide, will go on tenday camping trips to the mountains to study the plants and animals that grow and live there.‎ Students carry their own things, which include sleeping bags, warm clothing, food and water, and other useful tools. And what do the students do all day? Well, as soon as the sun comes up, they eat breakfast and start climbing up the mountain trail to the next campground, which is five to ten miles away. As the students take notes, the guide points out different plants and animals alongside the trail. The climb is usually over by early afternoon, so the group spends the rest of the day resting or swimming in a mountain lake. Before dinner each night, they all come together and discuss the day's activities.‎ At the end of the course, the students write reports using the information they have collected.‎ ‎ But they don't mind at all. What they do mind is leaving the beauty of the wilderness and the good friends they've made to return to their normal lives in the city.‎ ‎(　　)1. What can the course offer to the students?‎ A. Better grades in tests.‎ B. Free vacations in mountains.‎ C. A different learning experience.‎ D. Better chance to study in Carvel College.‎ ‎(　　)2. How far does a student have to walk throughout the course?‎ A. About five to ten miles.‎ B. About two hundred miles.‎ C. About fifty to one hundred miles.‎ D. About sixty to one hundred and twenty miles.‎ ‎(　　)3. What do the students have to do before dinner?‎ A. Wash themselves up in a mountain lake.‎ B. Attend classes by the experienced guide.‎ C. Write about what they see along the trail.‎ D. Review what they learn through discussion.‎ ‎(　　)4. What can we tell about the course?‎ A. They will change campgrounds everyday.‎ B. The students have to learn all by themselves.‎ C. Pens and books will be useless in the course.‎ D. Carvel College will provide everything for the students.‎ ‎(　　)5. From the last paragraph we know the students are ________．‎ A. serious with the final report B. unwilling to go back to the city C. looking forward to returning home D. too tired to stay in the course any longer Passage 5‎ As the saying goes, “If at first you don't succeed, try, try again.” This is never truer than when you are trying to master English. Lai Shixiong, a respected English master from Taiwan, has a story to share.‎ Like many nonnative speakers, Lai failed when he first started learning English. When he was in high school, he once got an unbelievably low mark of 7 out of 100 on an English test. He almost gave up on English, but then he entered a military school (军校), where he met a classmate who was good at English.‎ Amazed by his classmate's American accent, Lai decided to start learning English from the beginning. As he put it, “I saw myself as a baby who had just started to learn a language.” To correct his pronunciation, Lai practiced phonetic symbols(音标) hundreds of times every day using records.‎ When he was able to pronounce words, Lai said he began to practice dialogues. Not being able to find someone to practice with, Lai created a learning atmosphere(氛围) on his own.“I just talked to myself as if I were in a dialogue，” he said.‎ Lai also thought of ways to improve his skills. He used English to describe everything he saw. He even translated speeches when he went to class meetings at the military school. He also read and listened to English news to learn new expressions.‎ ‎“There is no shortcut to mastering a language. You have to practice，” Lai said. After all, Rome wasn't built in a day.‎ ‎(　　)1. What should we do if we want to master English according to the passage?‎ A. Keep trying. ‎ B. Turn to a teacher.‎ C. Share your story with others. ‎ D. Ask a classmate for help.‎ ‎(　　)2. What's the main idea of the second paragraph?‎ A. Lai met a classmate. ‎ B. Lai entered a military school.‎ C. Lai used to be weak in English. ‎ D. Lai learned English after school.‎ ‎(　　)3. Whom did Lai talk to when he practiced dialogues?‎ A. Himself. B. His brother.‎ C. A classmate. D. An English teacher.‎ ‎(　　)4. How did Lai improve his skills in English?‎ A. By using an old dictionary.‎ B. By reading and listening to English news.‎ C. By pronouncing a new word a hundred times.‎ D. By describing what he saw in English and Chinese.‎ ‎(　　)5. How do you like Lai Shixiong?‎ A. Easygoing and wise. ‎ B. Helpful and successful.‎ C. Kindhearted and honest. ‎ D. Patient and hardworking.‎ ‎ Passage 6‎ Reading makes one wise, but many adults seldom read. They say they are too busy to have time to read. Sure. They have work to do. They have families to support. But these are only excuses. The fact is that they haven't got a reading habit. A reading habit isn't something natural. It needs to be trained. And it's never too late to develop a reading habit.‎ Scientists believe proper books are very important for children to develop a good reading habit. A book in rich colours and with simple patterns(图案) such as lines and circles is a good choice for babies of three months old. When they reach six months, they will become interested in simple story books in rich colours.‎ When children get old enough to read by themselves, it's necessary to buy books that are both interesting and right for them to understand. Books which are either too easy or too difficult are not good for kids to keep their reading habits.‎ Only buying books for children isn't enough. For kids, parents are their first teachers. So ‎ parents should read books to set an example. Children will follow them. Scientists say imitating the adults is a born skill. And it is the most valuable way for children to learn. This will certainly help them develop a reading habit in the end.‎ ‎(　　)1. According to the writer, many adults seldom read because they ________．‎ A. don't have enough time ‎ B. have to work all the time C. haven't got a reading habit ‎ D. have to support the family ‎(　　)2. The underlined word “imitating” here probably means ________．‎ A. copying B. reading C. testing D. missing ‎(　　)3. We can learn from the passage that ________．‎ A. story books are better than books in colours B. a reading habit comes from certain training C. a threemonthold kid likes simple stories D. too easy books help keep a reading habit Passage 7‎ Let children learn to judge(判断) their own work. A child doesn't learn to talk by being corrected all the time. If he is corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the differences between the language he uses and the language others use. Little by little, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's.‎ In the same way, children learn to do all the other things without being taught—to walk, run, climb or ride a bicycle. They compare their performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them himself. We do it all for him. We thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him work out with the help of other children if he wants it.‎ If it is a matter in math or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why_should_we_teachers_waste_time_on_such_daily_work? Our job should be to help the children when they tell us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn ‎ what all educated persons must learn, how to measure(估量) their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.‎ Let them get on with this job in their ways. School teachers can offer help if they ask for it. Some parents and teachers are worried that the children might fail to learn something that they will need to get in the world. Don't worry! If it is important, they will go out into the world and learn it.‎ ‎(　　)1. According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by ________．‎ A. being always corrected ‎ B. following adults' advice C. doing as other people do ‎(　　)2. The writer thinks teachers in school should ________．‎ A. encourage students to learn from each other B. teach students how to get the answers directly C. tell students what is wrong as often as possible ‎(　　)3. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph means ________．‎ A. teachers can't correct students' papers B. teachers needn't waste time teaching students in class C. teachers should help students improve their learning ability ‎(　　)4. We can infer(推断) that ________ from the passage.‎ A. students can face any challenge easily B. students can learn a lot in the real life C. students can grow up without others' help ‎(　　)5. The best title of the passage may be ________．‎ A. Let Us Teachers Stop Working B. Let Children Learn by Themselves C. Let Parents Understand Their Kids 专项训练六 语言学习 Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。以信件的形式呈现了刘亚在学习中遇到的问题，以及梅里给出的建议。‎ A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一个图表。丽塔因化学成绩不好，不敢把成绩单给父母看，因此寻求帮助，表中还列举了五个人提出的建议。‎ A2. C3. B4. C5. C Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者在加利福尼亚伯克利大学前两周的一些想不到的、有趣的、令人尴尬的经历。‎ C 2. B 3. A ‎ Passage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Carvel大学给学生提供的一种体验自然的新型课程，学生们在为期十天的夏令营中学习动植物的生长过程，体会另一种学习方式。‎ C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：这个课程能够给学生提供什么？根据第一段“Students who get tired of looking at the four walls of a classroom might like to take the nature course...”可知课程是不同于在教室里进行的常规课程。故选C。‎ C【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：在整个课程中，学生要步行多远？根据第一段中“tenday camping trips”及第二段“...which is five to ten miles away.”可知每天是五到十英里，十天是五十到一百英里。故选C。‎ D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：学生们在吃晚饭前必须要做什么？根据第二段最后一句“Before dinner each night, they all come together and discuss the day's activities.”可知学生在一天结束后要讨论全天的活动。故选D。‎ A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从这个课程我们可以知道什么？根据第二段中“...start climbing up the mountain trail to the next campground...”可知，他们每天都有一个更换营地的徒步活动，故选A。‎ B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从最后一段我们知道学生们。根据最后一段内容可知他们介意的是离开自然美景和朋友们，回到城市中的平常生活。故选B。‎ Passage 5【主旨大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了赖世雄学习英语的经历。文章告诉我们：不论做何事情，失败后只要不放弃、不懈努力，终将成功。‎ 1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据短文，我们若想精通英语，该怎样做？根据第一段中“If at first you don't succeed, try, try again...trying to master English.”可知选A。‎ 2. C【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：第二段的主要大意是什么？本段主要介绍了赖世雄曾经英语很差，故选C。‎ 3. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：赖世雄练习对话时，是在与谁交流？根据第四段最后一句“...talked to myself as if...”可知选A。‎ 4. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：赖世雄如何提高他的英语技能？A项文中未提及；文章第三段只提到了他每天练习音标上百遍，而非单词，排除C；第五段讲到他用英语描述见过的东西，排除D。根据第五段中“...read and listened to English news...”可知选B。 ‎ 5. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：你认为赖世雄如何？根据赖世雄学习英语的经历可知其很努力；他能将音标练习上百遍，可知他是有耐心的。故选D。‎ Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。说明了培养孩子好的阅读习惯的重要性。并就如何从小培养孩子的阅读习惯、应该买什么样的书以及父母应该给孩子什么样的指导提出了建议。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据作者(所说)，因为很多成年人，他们很少阅读。根据第一段的第七句“The fact is that they haven't got a reading habit.”可知很多成年人很少阅读，是因为他们没有阅读习惯。故选C。‎ 2. A【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“imitating”在此处的意思可能是。根据最后一段第三、四句话“So parents should read books to set an example. Children will follow them.”可知“imitating”的意思是“模仿”。故选A。‎ 3. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：我们从文章中了解到。根据第一段倒数第二、三句话“A reading habit isn't something natural. It needs to be trained.”可知阅读习惯来自于一些特定的训练。故选B。‎ Passage 7【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。以孩子们说话和日常行为为例，说明别人不用过多地纠正他们的错误，孩子们自己会从与别人的不同之处慢慢纠正过来，慢慢做出改变，所以在学习中，老师不要总是纠正学生的错误，要让他们学会自己改正错误。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章，孩子们学习的最好方法是通过。根据文章第一段最后一句“...he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's.”可知，学习需要模仿，故选C。‎ 2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者认为老师在学校里应该。根据文章第二段最后一句 ‎“Let him work out with the help of other children if he wants it.”可知，老师不应该总是给孩子们指出错误，应该鼓励孩子们之间彼此学习，共同完成任务，故选A。‎ 1. C【解析】句意猜测题。题干意为：第三段划线句子的意思为。根据后文“Our job should be to help the children when they tell us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must learn, how to measure(估量) their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know.”可知，这些都是属于学习的能力，这是老师的任务，跟C项相符，故选C。‎ 2. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从文章中我们可以推断。从最后一段最后一句“If it is important, they will go out into the world and learn it.”可知，他们在现实生活中也能学到很多东西。故选B。‎ 3. B【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：文章最合适的题目可能是。本文主要就老师不要总是纠正学生的错误，要让他们自己学会改正错误的话题展开议论。跟B项的意思相符，故选B。‎ ‎ 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 ‎ Passage 1‎ In Britain, Boxing Day is usually celebrated on December 26th, which is the following day after Christmas Day. However, strictly speaking, Boxing Day is the first weekday after Christmas. Like Christmas Day, Boxing Day is a public holiday. This means it's a nonworking day in the whole of Britain. When Boxing Day falls on a Saturday or Sunday, the following Monday is the public holiday.‎ The exact origin(起源) of the holiday is unclear. One of the thoughts is that during the Middle Ages, when great sailing ships were setting off to discover new land, a Christmas Box was placed ‎ by a priest (神父) on each ship. Those sailors who wanted to ensure a safe return would drop money into the box. It was sealed_up and kept on board until the ship came home safely. Then the box was handed over to the priest in the exchange for the saying of a Mass of thanks for the success of the sailing. The priest wouldn't open it to share the contents with the poor until Christmas.‎ One more thought is about the “Alms Box” placed in every church on Christmas Day. Worshippers (做礼拜的人) put gifts for the poor into it. These boxes were always opened the day after Christmas, that is why that day became known as Boxing Day.‎ Today, many businesses, organizations and families try to keep the traditional spirit of Boxing Day alive by donating (捐赠) their time, services and money to aid Food Banks, providing gifts for the poor, or helping families in need. Besides, spending time with family and shopping are popular Boxing Day activities now.‎ ‎(　　)1. If Christmas Day is on a Saturday, Boxing Day will be celebrated on ________．‎ A. December 25th　　　　　　　　B. December 26th C. December 27th D. December 28th ‎(　　)2. Sailors dropped money into the Christmas Box in order to ________．‎ A. save the poor B. pay for the priest C. discover new land D. pray for sailing safety ‎(　　)3. What does the underlined phrase “sealed up” mean?‎ A. 密封　　　B. 悬挂　　　C. 归还　　　D. 传递 ‎(　　)4. The following activities can show the traditional spirit of Boxing Day EXCEPT ________．‎ A. offering gifts to the poor ‎ B. supporting families in need C. spending time with family ‎ D. giving money to aid Food Banks ‎(　　)5. The purpose of the passage is ________．‎ A. to praise the kindness of priests B. to introduce the origins of Boxing Day C. to call on people to help the poor D. to compare Boxing Day with Christmas Day ‎ Passage 2‎ Interesting festivals in the world Throwing tomatoes — Spain(西班牙)‎ Spain takes “tomatoes fights” to a whole new level. But the tomatoes are being thrown, not eaten. The festival takes place during the last Wednesday in August. Trucks(卡车) carry tomatoes into the square. People rush to the tomatoes and throw them into the crowd.‎ Rolling cheese — England This festival is celebrated on the last Monday in May. It takes place on Cooper's Hill. A large wheel of cheese(奶酪) is rolled down Cooper's Hill. The festival is actually a race where people run down the hill after the rolling cheese. The first person to cross the finish line at the bottom of the hill wins the cheese.‎ Burning man — The United States The Burning Man Festival lasts a week, it is from the Monday before Labor Day to Labor Day(which falls on the first Monday in September in America). The festival takes place in the Black Rock Desert. The best part of the festival is the burning of a large sculpture of a man.‎ Pouring water — Thailand The Songkran Festival is the celebration of the New Year in Thailand. Rather than a single day, Thailand celebrates the New Year from April 13th to April 15th. Thai people run after each other, pouring water. Songkran is one of the most important reasons why foreigners travel to the beautiful land.‎ ‎(　　)1. How many festivals are mentioned in the passage?‎ A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.‎ ‎(　　)2. Where will you probably go to enjoy one of the festivals above in May?‎ A. Spain. B. England.‎ C. The United States. D. Thailand.‎ ‎(　　)3. Which festival is held in Black Rock Desert?‎ A. Throwing tomatoes. B. Rolling cheese.‎ C. Burning man. D. Pouring water.‎ ‎(　　)4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. The tomatoes are thrown into the crowd to eat.‎ B. Not all the festivals above fall on the single day.‎ C. Burning a large real man is the best part of the festival.‎ D. Songkran is the only reason for attracting lots of tourists.‎ ‎(　　)5. The passage is most probably taken from ________.‎ A. a tour guide B. a science report C. a story book D. a fashion magazine ‎ Passage 3‎ Emma has just finished travelling alone in Europe. Are you interested in her journey? Let's read some of her travel diaries.‎ ‎(　　)1. Emma was looking forward to this travel because ________．‎ A. she had never taken a train ride before B. she could do anything she liked on the journey C. she hoped to keep herself away from the busy life ‎(　　)2. From the passage, we can know Salzburg is a great place for ________．‎ A. enjoying classical music B. buying children's books C. visiting history museums ‎(　　)3. In Amsterdam, she ________．‎ A. climbed the beautiful mountains B. travelled along the river in a boat C. wrote some postcards in her hotel ‎(　　)4. She didn't need to worry about her safety in Copenhagen because ________．‎ A. there was very little crime there B. the city was full of friendly people C. she thought she was careful enough ‎(　　)5. We can know that ________ from the passage.‎ A. Emma has little interest in art B. Emma is a brave but careless girl C. Emma's travels were enjoyable and special Passage 4‎ Dear mum and dad，‎ I'm writing this letter to you from the center of Australia. At the moment we're staying near Uluru—that's the aboriginal(土著) name for Ayers Rock. On the first day, we took a balloon tour over the rock, and I was surprised at how big it was: 3.6 kilometers long and 384 meters high. The colors of the rock are fantastic, and at different times of the day, they change from purple to red. The Aborigines are the first people of Australia, and the ancient aboriginal stories describe the spirits that created the world. Uluru is a center of Aboriginal culture.‎ The Australians have many British relatives. That's why they're like us in many ways. Their family life is similar to ours, and they enjoy the same food and hobbies. The food and drink that most Australians like are grapes, lamb, ham and especially wine that they make in the south of the country. They love all sports, but football is the most popular. Most Australians live near the coast, so they also love going to the beach, swimming and surfing.‎ Although it's December, it's summer over here. The sunshine is very bright, and near the coast the countryside is very green. There are lots of sheep in the fields and on the hills, but the ‎ outback(澳洲内陆) is more like a desert, full of rocks and sand.‎ The next day after we arrived at Uluru, we went on a camel(骆驼) ride. The camel that I rode had a bad temper. When I sat on its back, it became very angry and refused me. So everyone else thought it was very funny that my camel kept lying down...‎ Finally, later this evening, we're taking the plane back to Sydney and coming home, it's been a fantastic trip!‎ Tony ‎(　　)1. Which is NOT true according to Paragraph One?‎ A. Uluru is the name for Ayers Rock.‎ B. The height of Uluru is 384 meters.‎ C. The rock of Uluru doesn't change colors.‎ D. Uluru is the center of Aboriginal culture.‎ ‎(　　)2. Tony may be a(n) ________．‎ A. British B. Australian C. American D. Chinese ‎(　　)3. ________ is the most popular sport in Australia.‎ ‎(　　)4. The underlined word “temper” means “________” in ‎ Chinese.‎ A. 脾气 B. 记忆 C. 命令 D. 信心 ‎(　　)5. What is the best title of this passage?‎ A. A Balloon Tour ‎ B. An Aboriginal Letter ‎ C. A Fantastic Trip ‎ D. A Summer Evening Passage 5‎ The Blog of Rosie The Weekend By Rosie|June 6, 2016‎ Hi! I'm on vacation here in London...and it's fantastic! On Saturday I was in the British Museum for three hours. On Sunday I visited Tower Bridge. Where were you over the weekend? Tell me your news！‎ DISCUSSION Sophia·9：30‎ Glad you're having a great vacation. I was in the Summer Palace in Beijing on Saturday. I was there for a flower show. It was amazing! And there were lots of people. But on Sunday it was rainy and I wasn't very well. I stayed in bed for a whole day.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　•• Steve·10：10‎ It was cloudy the whole weekend in Paris. On Saturday I was at a football game with my classmates. It was exciting! On Sunday I was at the shops with Ann for four hours.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　•• Jack·11：00‎ I wasn't at home over the weekend. On Saturday I was in Scotland for a trip. It was a lovely, warm day and I had a picnic with friends. It was great! Sunday was boring. It took me five hours to get back home. It was a long journey.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　•• Kate·11：20‎ On Saturday I was at Heathrow Airport. I met a friend there and we talked together for two hours. I was very happy. On Sunday I was in Sydney for a concert. It is winter in Australia, and it was windy and cold!‎ ‎　　　　　　　　•• ‎(　　)1. On Saturday Sophia was ________．‎ A. in the Summer Palace B. in the British Museum C. at Tower Bridge D. at Heathrow Airport ‎(　　)2. What was the weather like when Steve was in Paris?‎ A. Rainy. B. Warm. C. Cloudy. D. Cold.‎ ‎(　　)3. How long did it take Jack to get back home?‎ A. Two hours. B. Three hours. C. Four hours. D. Five hours.‎ ‎(　　)4. Kate was in Sydney for ________．‎ A. a picnic B. a concert C. a football game D. a flower show ‎ Passage 6‎ The summer vacation is a time to enjoy a change from the school year. It's a good chance to work on different activities that you don't have much time to do during the rest of the year.‎ We asked about 2，000 people what they would do during the summer vacation. Most of the surveytakers agreed that the summer vacation was a break from homework and they could relax.‎ Alexis said, “At school, I'm really tired, so during the summer vacation I can read books and do many outdoor activities.”‎ Amy is in high school. After school, she sometimes works in a cafe. She told us, “It's a chance to relax after a hard school year—sleep more, and see my friends more.”‎ We also asked them if they would be too busy or kind of bored. About half (52%) of the surveytakers said they would be busy during the summer vacation but still have time to relax. And that is exactly how it should be.‎ But not everyone said their summer vacation would be the right balance (平衡) between being busy and relaxing. Many thought that they would be too bored.‎ How bored or busy people feel during the summer vacation depends on how old they are. Surveytakers in their early teens were more likely (可能的) to be bored. Among them, 40% said they would be bored and only 10% thought they would be too busy.‎ ‎(　　)1. What does the underlined word “surveytakers” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. 进行调查的人 B. 接受调查的人 C. 写调查报告的人 D. 看调查报告的人 ‎(　　)2. What does Amy want to do during the summer vacation?‎ A. To do a parttime job. ‎ B. To do some outdoor activities.‎ C. To help her parents do housework.‎ D. To sleep more and visit friends more.‎ ‎(　　)3. The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 5 refers to ________．‎ A. feeling bored ‎ B. being very busy C. spending all the time enjoying oneself D. having time to relax though being busy ‎(　　)4. How bored or busy people feel during the summer vacation depends on ________．‎ A. their age B. their parents C. where they live D. what they are ‎(　　)5. According to the passage, those who took part in the survey are most probably ‎ ‎________．‎ A. scientists B. doctors C. students D. teacher 专项训练七 节假日活动参考答案 ‎ Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了节礼日的起源以及人们在这一天所做的事情。1. C 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B ‎ Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几个国家有趣的节日：西班牙的西红柿节、英国的奶酪节、美国的火人节、泰国的泼水节。‎ 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A Passage 3【主旨大意】 本文是一篇应用文，以日记的形式记录了艾玛独自一人的欧洲之旅，包括时间、所到之地及所到之地的特色等。‎ 1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：艾玛期待这次旅行，因为。由第一篇日记中“I am going to Europe to see some cities I really want to visit. It is great because I can choose what I want to do in each city.” 可知选B。‎ 2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从文中我们知道Salzburg是一个的好地方。由第二篇日记中“Mozart, the famous musician, was from here. There are many classical concerts here.”可知本地之所以是一个放松的好地方是因为和音乐相关，可以享受古典音乐带来的宁静，故选A。‎ 3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在阿姆斯特丹，她。由第三篇日记中“I also took a boat ride along the river.”可知选B。‎ 4. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在哥本哈根， 她不用担心自己的安全，因为。由第四篇日记中“Luckily I am in Copenhagen, Denmark, and I am told that it is one of the safest places in the world. There is very little crime (犯罪) here.”可知选A。‎ 5. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：我们可以从这篇文章得知。结合四篇日记中的内容我们可知艾玛的欧洲之旅是愉快的并且很特别，故选C。其他两项文中没有提及。‎ Passage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。托尼通过给父母写信，介绍了他在澳洲旅行期间的所见所闻及所想。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据第一段，哪项是不正确的？由第一段第二句中“...Uluru—that's the aboriginal(土著) name for Ayers Rock.”可知A正确；由第一段第三句中“...and I was surprised at how big it was: 3.6 kilometers long and 384 meters high.”可知B正确；由第一段第四句“The colors of the rock are fantastic, and at different times of the day, they change from purple to red.”可知C错误；由第一段最后一句“Uluru is a center of Aboriginal culture.”可知D正确。故选C。‎ 2. A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：托尼可能是一个。由第二段第一、二句“The Australians have many British relatives. That's why they're like us in many ways.”可推知：他是英国人，故选A。‎ 3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在澳大利亚 是最受欢迎的运动。由第二段倒数第二句“They love all sports, but football is the most popular.”可知：最受欢迎的运动是足球，故选B。4. A【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“temper”的汉语意思是“”。由下句话“When I sat on its back, it became very angry and refused me.”可推知：这只骆驼的脾气很坏，故选A。5. C【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章最好的标题是什么？纵观全文可知：作者都是围绕澳洲之旅展开的话题，所见景象让人感到高兴，且文章最后一句提及“...a fantastic trip”。故选C。‎ Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。表格中介绍了Rosie在微博发表了一个自己在伦敦度周末的信息，以及索菲亚、史蒂夫、杰克和凯特的回复，分别介绍了他们的周末。‎ 1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在周六，索菲亚是 。根据题干中的关键信息Sophia和On Saturday可以定位到第二个表格第二句，即“I was in the Summer Palace in Beijing on Saturday.” 故选A。‎ 2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：史蒂夫在巴黎的时候，天气怎样？根据题干中的关键信息Steve和in Paris可以定位到第三个表格第一句，即“It was cloudy the whole weekend in Paris.”由此可知选C。‎ 3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：回到家花了杰克多长时间？根据题干中的关键信息Jack和get back home可以定位到第四个表格倒数第二句，即“It took me five hours to get back home.” 故选D。‎ 4. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：凯特在悉尼为了。根据题干中的关键信息Kate和in Sydney可以定位到最后一个表格中倒数第二句，即“On Sunday I was in Sydney for a concert.” 故选B。Passage ‎ 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了不同调查对象对暑假有着不同的感受和看法。‎ 1. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第二段划线单词“surveytakers”是什么意思？由上文“We asked about 2，000 people what they would do during the summer vacation”可知是做了调查，给出答案的人自然是被调查者，即接受调查的人，故选B。‎ 2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在暑假期间艾米想要做什么？由第四段的“She told us, ‘It's a chance to relax after a hard school year—sleep more, and see my friends more.’”可知选D。‎ 3. D【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：第五段的划线单词“that”指的是。根据第五段第二句“About half (52%) of the surveytakers said they would be busy...but still have time to relax.”可知选D。‎ 4. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在暑假感到多无聊或者忙碌取决于。由第七段第一句“How bored or busy people feel during the summer vacation depends on how old they are.”可知这取决于他们的年龄。故选A。‎ 5. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据短文，那些参加调查的人最可能是。根据文中的艾丽丝、艾米都是学生，并且有暑假。故推测受调查者为学生。故选C。‎ 专题训练八 饮食、卫生与健康 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 Passage 1‎ Many people travel to different places in the world by air. Usually it takes a long time, perhaps half a day, for passengers to stay in the plane. So airlines(航空公司) offer passengers food. But it is common that they feel bad about food taste. Do you agree?‎ To solve this problem, airlines try hard to improve their food. They would like to do so because they don't want to lose customers.‎ However, according to scientific research, part of the reason why plane food tastes bad is that at high altitude(海拔) we can not taste things as well as we do on the ground. Also scientists have ‎ found that our noses become very dry even before a plane takes off. As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure(气压) reduces one third of the sensibility(感觉) of our taste buds(味蕾). So our taste buds become senseless. The sad fact, however, is that our noses don't know it.‎ All of these help explain why food on the plane tastes so bad. They also help explain why airlines choose to offer passengers salty and spicy(辛辣的) food. Without doing so, the food would be tasteless.‎ Now there are many researches on this. According to one of them, some volunteers are asked to lie with their feet higher than their heads for weeks. And scientists write down their feelings about food taste.‎ Though scientists try their best, it is not as easy as they thought. Because they can't deal with the special environment successfully, such as the change in air pressure, making food taste good is still hard for them.‎ ‎(　　)1. In Paragraph 2, “this problem” means ________．‎ A. passengers stay long in the plane B. food on the plane tastes bad ‎ C. passengers have no food to eat ‎ D. food on the plane is expensive ‎(　　)2. What do airlines do to solve this problem?‎ A. Get more customers.　　　B. Offer more food.‎ C. Improve their food. D. Reduce the ticket price.‎ ‎(　　)3. As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure reduces ________ of the sensibility of our taste buds.‎ A. half　　B. one third　　C. one fourth　　D. one fifth ‎(　　)4. Why do scientists feel it hard to make food on the plane taste good?‎ A. The volunteers don't know about food taste.‎ B. The volunteers don't understand them.‎ C. They can't find enough volunteers.‎ D. They can't deal with the special environment successfully.‎ ‎(　　)5. What is the best title of the passage?‎ A. Taste of Airplane Food ‎ B. Airplane Travel C. Scientific Research on Noses ‎ D. The Change in Air Pressure ‎ Passage 2‎ It seems that school children all over the world complain(抱怨)about their school food. What do students of your age eat for lunch at school in other countries?‎ Japan High schools have dining rooms. They serve everything from noodles to rice, but not burgers and chips. Other children bring food from home, such as cold rice balls, meat or fish, pickles(泡菜)and vegetables. Twice a year parents are invited to have a taste of the food.‎ United States A typical menu from a US school is made up of a hamburger with fried potatoes or roast chicken, lettuce and pickles, fruit and cookies. School lunches must also provide at least one third of the daily amount(总量)of necessary nutrition(营养)，such as, vitamin A, vitamin C and calcium(钙)．‎ Australia Meat pies, sausage rolls(香肠卷)and hotdogs are all traditional dishes in Australian school shops. But as the country pays more attention to children's health, healthier foods have started to appear on school menus. Many schools have used a traffic light system. The sale of red labeled(标注)foods, including cookies, chocolate and soft drinks, is served only twice a week. Healthier green labeled foods such as sushi, sandwiches, corn and watermelons, however, are available every day.‎ South Africa Most of South African schools do not serve meals at all. Classes end at 1：30 p．m. and students get their own lunches. Many students bring food from home, usually sandwiches.‎ Fast food and fried food sell the best among students. As a result, it has caused a rise in obesity(肥胖)among children. But as more people began to realize that being too fat may cause different kinds of serious illnesses, some schools in towns have led the way towards better nutrition. Now students at these schools are offered lunches of porridge with vegetables, such as cabbage, onions, beans, carrots and tomatoes.‎ ‎(　　)1. High schools in Japan serve________．‎ A. noodles and rice B. burgers and rice balls C. chips and vegetables D. fish and roast chicken ‎(　　)2. From the passage, we know the typical menu from a US school is________．‎ A. delicious B. quite healthy C. not very healthy D. popular in South Africa ‎(　　)3. Which are traditional dishes in Australia?‎ A. Meat pies and hotdogs. B. Chocolate and soft drinks.‎ C. Cookies and sushi. D. Sandwiches and corn.‎ ‎(　　)4. In South Africa，________．‎ A. most students have sandwiches and vegetables for lunch B. students like fast food and fried food very much ‎ C. more and more students become ill D. students realized that fast food and fried food were bad for their health ‎(　　)5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?‎ A. Parents in Japan are invited to taste the food twice a year.‎ B. In the United States, school lunches must provide at least one third of the daily amount of necessary nutrition.‎ C. In Australia, many schools have used a traffic light system.‎ D. In South Africa, schools don't serve meals.‎ ‎ Passage 3‎ ‎ Why is clean water so important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation(卫生)conditions. In those countries, women and girls spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent(迫切的) need for people in developing countries to have access to(‎ 有机会或权利使用) clean water to improve their health.‎ Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12yearold girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of handwashing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldn't eat with me unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “It's not up to you to tell me what to do！” Stunned(目瞪口呆的), Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest,_Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjara's head teacher, he understood the importance of handwashing and his daughter's intentions(目的). The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.‎ For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, let's avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.‎ ‎(　　)1. According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause ________．‎ A. traffic problems　　B. forest fires　　C. many illnesses ‎(　　)2. The key to improving people's health in developing countries is ________ in Paragraph 1.‎ A. to get clean water ‎ B. to exercise often C. to refuse drugs ‎(　　)3. What can we infer(推断) from Paragraph 2?‎ A. Hadjara laughed at her father's foolishness.‎ B. Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order to lose weight.‎ C. Hadjara's father understood his daughter's love and care for him later.‎ ‎(　　)4. The underlined word “protest” in this passage means ________．‎ A. 抗议 B. 保护 C. 节约 ‎(　　)5. The purpose of the writer is to ________．‎ A. teach people how to wash hands B. call on people all over the world to save water C. show developing countries rich in clean water 专项训练八 饮食、卫生与健康 参考答案 Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了为什么我们会觉得飞机上的食物不好吃的原因。‎ 1. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：在第二段中“this problem”指的是。根据第一段的最后两句“But it is common that they feel bad about food taste. Do you agree? ”可知答案。故选B。‎ 2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：航空公司是如何解决这个问题的？根据文中第二段第一句“To solve this problem, airlines try hard to improve their food.”可知选C。‎ 3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：随着飞机的上升，气压的改变降低我们味蕾敏感度的。根据文中第三段第三句“As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure(气压) reduces one third of the sensibility(感觉) of our taste buds(味蕾)．”可知选B。‎ 4. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么科学家认为把飞机上的食物味道变好很困难？根据文中最后一段最后一句“Because they can't deal with the special environment successfully, such as the change in air pressure, making food taste good is still hard for them.”可知选D。‎ 5. A【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：文章最好的标题是什么？A项：飞机上食物的味道；B项：飞机旅行；C项：关于鼻子的科学研究；D项：飞机气压的变化。通读本文可知主要讲述的是飞机上食物的味道，故选A。‎ Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了日本、美国、澳大利亚、南非四个国家的学生在学校的午餐情况。‎ 1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：日本中学会提供。根据文章第二段第二句“They serve everything from noodles to rice...”可知日本学校的食堂提供面条和米饭。故选A。‎ 2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从短文中，我们知道美国学校传统的菜单是。根据文章第三段第一句“A typical menu from a US school is made up of a hamburger with fried potatoes or roast chicken...”可知传统的美国校餐主要包括汉堡、炸薯条和烤鸡，这些都是不健康的食品。故选C。‎ 3. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：哪些是澳大利亚的传统菜肴？根据文章第四段第一句的“Meat pies, sausage rolls (香肠卷) and hotdogs are all traditional dishes in Australian school shops.”可知肉馅饼和热狗是澳大利亚的传统菜肴。故选A。 ‎ 1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在南非，。根据文章最后一段第一句“Fast food and fried food sell the best among students.”可知学生都喜欢快餐和油炸食品。故选B。‎ 2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下列哪项是不正确的？根据第二段最后一句“Twice a year parents are invited to have a taste of the food.”可知A项正确；根据第三段最后一句的“School lunches must also provide at least one third of the daily amount (总量) of necessary nutrition(营养)．..”可知B项正确；根据第四段第三句“Many schools have used a traffic light system.”可知C项正确；根据文章的最后一句“Now students at these schools are offered lunches...”可知现在南非的这些学校已经提供午饭，因此D项错误。故选D。‎ Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中主要讲述了净水资源对于发展中国家人们健康的重要性，号召我们采取行动，节约用水。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据最近的报道，水质差的水和卫生状况差可能引起。第一段第二句“A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation (卫生) conditions.”可知大约80%的疾病都是由水质差的水和卫生状况差引起的。故选C。‎ 2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在第一段中，改善发展中国家人们健康状况的关键是。根据第一段最后一句“In this case, there is an urgent (迫切的) need for people in developing countries to have access to (有机会或权利使用) clean water to improve their health.”可知使用净水是改善人们健康的关键，故选A。‎ 3. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从第二段中我们能推断出什么？根据第二段倒数第二句“After her father questioned Hadjara's headteacher, he understood the importance of handwashing and his daughter's intentions (目的)．”可知Hadjara的父亲最终明白了女儿对他的关心和爱。故选C。‎ 4. A【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：这篇短文中划线单词“protest”的意思是。根据第二段倒数第三句“...Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night.”可知此处指她为了抗议拒绝吃晚餐。故选A。‎ 5. B【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：作者的目的是。根据短文最后一句“So, from now on, let's avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.”可知作者写本文的目的主要是号召人们节约用水。故选B。‎ 6. 专题训练九 安全与急救 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 Passage 1‎ There are many different kinds of disasters around the world. As an adult you know what to do during a disaster, but what about the children? Some adults think it would probably never happen to them, so they don't teach their children what to do. Before it's too late, here are ways to help you prepare your child for a disaster：‎ Educate: It is always good to let your child know about possible disasters. This doesn't mean children have to live in fear. When teaching them about disasters, keep the conversation positive(积极的) by telling them there is a solution(解决办法) to the disaster. Keep the conversations short, allow for questions and answer honestly.‎ Prepare: Always be prepared, that is the best advice for children. For example, when preparing for bad weather, get the tools you need, like candles, radios, food, water and medicine. Teach your child what is needed in certain disasters so that they know what is available for them, if ever needed.‎ Plan: You should always have a plan for you and your child for any dangerous situation. Write out a simple list that they can read. The plan could start with “listen to an adult's advice and/or call 119”．‎ Practice: Once you have got the correct safety tools and worked out the right plan, practice every few months. Practicing what to do during a disaster with your child will help them if the time comes.‎ Disasters can't be avoided but they can be lessened(减轻) once you are prepared and ready for one.‎ ‎(　　)1. What does the word disaster mean?‎ A. 命运　　　B. 灾难　　　C. 演习　　　D. 倾销 ‎(　　)2. What should adults teach children?‎ A. When disasters will happen. ‎ B. Why disasters are dangerous.‎ C. What to do for a disaster. ‎ D. How to avoid a disaster.‎ ‎(　　)3. What is the correct thing to do for adults?‎ A. Have positive conversations with children.‎ B. Try not to talk about disasters with children.‎ C. Make the children scared of disasters.‎ D. Ask children lots of questions.‎ ‎(　　)4. What's the most important thing for children?‎ A. Always ask adults for help.‎ B. Always be prepared for a disaster.‎ C. Always listen to an adult's advice.‎ D. Always remember where the tools are.‎ ‎(　　)5. What is NOT suggested doing?‎ A. Remembering what is needed in certain disasters.‎ B. Getting the children to know the plan well.‎ C. Helping people in disaster areas.‎ D. Getting radios for bad weather.‎ ‎ Passage 2‎ Robert and his brother were playing football in their front yard. Suddenly a woman ran out of her house shouting to them to call an ambulance(救护车). Her 12weekold baby seemed to stop breathing. She was so scared that she couldn't find her cell phone, so she had decided to rush outside to ask for help.‎ As the woman was trying to do CPR(心肺复苏术) on her baby, young Robert came in and told her she was doing it all wrong. He asked her to use two fingers, push on the chest 510 times, tilt(倾斜) the baby's head, plug(堵住) the nose and then do a mouthtomouth resuscitation by breathing into the baby's mouth.‎ Luckily for the baby, the woman accepted Robert's advice. Just for a second, came a loud cry from the baby. Soon the doctors came and the baby was sent to hospital.‎ The most amazing part of this story is that Robert has not attended a CPR class. Instead, he learned it all by carefully reading the posters(宣传画)on the walls of his school hall. And, while he is now being called as a hero and even interviewed on TV, he is just glad to have saved the baby's life！“Thanks to the posters on the walls, he could save the kid！” his teacher said to the reporter proudly.‎ ‎(　　)1. Why did the woman ask Robert and his brother to call an ambulance?‎ A. Because Robert and his brother hit her baby.‎ B. Because she had to look after her 12weekold baby.‎ C. Because her baby seemed to stop breathing and she couldn't find her cell phone.‎ ‎(　　)2. Who taught the woman to do CPR correctly?‎ A. Robert's parents. B. Robert himself.‎ C. Robert's brother.‎ ‎(　　)3. How did Robert learn CPR?‎ A. He used to go to the hospital to learn it from the doctors.‎ B. He learnt it by listening to the radio and kept it in his mind.‎ C. He learnt it by reading the posters on the walls of his school hall.‎ ‎(　　)4. What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “resuscitation”？‎ A. 复苏 　　　　B. 保存 　　　　　　C. 逃跑 ‎(　　)5. What's the main idea of the last paragraph?‎ A. Robert was interviewed on TV.‎ B. The school culture is good for students.‎ C. Robert is a hero because he saved the baby.‎ ‎ Passage 3‎ What should you do if there's an earthquake at school? How can you protect yourself when you are caught in a stampede(踩踏)? March 25 this year provides you with a good chance to learn about safety.‎ This day is called the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students(NDESEMSS)(全国中小学生安全教育日). The theme of the day this year is to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe.‎ A survey done by the China Youth and Children Research Center showed that school accidents kill more elementary and middle school students than anything else. The main accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes, fires and sports injuries(伤害)．‎ What can we do to keep ourselves safe? Staying calm(镇静) is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. But different accidents have different selfprotection advice.‎ A stampede is possible anywhere. The larger a human crowd gets, the more likely stampedes become. When students around you begin to push, stand still and try to hold onto something, or stay in a corner until the crowd leaves. If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands. Lean to one side, curl up your body and bend your legs.‎ Earthquakes are common natural disasters(灾难). When you feel the ground shake, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don't stay near buildings, trees or power lines.‎ When there's a fire, follow the teachers' instructions, leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you don't breathe in smoke.‎ ‎(　　)1. What's the theme of NDESEMSS this year?‎ A. To give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe.‎ B. To give students more knowledge about health and make sure they eat healthily.‎ C. To give students more knowledge about science and make their study better.‎ D. To give students more knowledge about accidents and make them run away.‎ ‎(　　)2. What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage?‎ A. Run away. B. Stand there. C. Keep calm. D. Cry loudly.‎ ‎(　　)3. According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?‎ A. Car accidents kill the most elementary and middle school students of all accidents.‎ B. When there's a fire, you should use cloth to cover your mouth and nose.‎ C. If you fall down in a moving crowd, you can do nothing but wait there.‎ D. When an earthquake happens, you should stay near buildings or trees.‎ ‎(　　)4. What's the best title for this passage?‎ A. Be afraid of accidents B. The earthquake is coming C. Run away from accidents D. How to protect yourself ‎(　　)5. If the writer continues to write this passage, what will he write about?‎ A. The changes of fires. B. The reasons of accidents.‎ C. Sports injuries. D. Smoking disadvantage 专题训练九 安全与急救 参考答案 ‎ ‎ Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了让孩子准备和应对灾难的几种做法。1. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：disaster这个单词的意思是什么？通读文章可知，本文主要讲的是应对灾难的方法，所以disaster是“灾难”的意思。故选B。‎ 2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：大人应该教孩子们什么？根据文章第一段第二句“As an adult you know what to do during a disaster，but what about the children？”和最后一句“Before it's too late, here are ways to help you prepare your child for a disaster：”可知，大人应该告诉孩子在灾难中如何应对，故选C。‎ 3. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：对于大人来说，做什么事情是正确的？根据文章第二段第三句“...keep the conversation positive(积极的)by telling them there is a solution(解决办法)to the disaster.”可知答案为A。‎ 4. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：对孩子来说，最重要的事情是什么？根据文章最后一段“Disasters can't be avoided but they can be lessened(减轻)once you are prepared and ready for one.”可知做好准备是最重要的。故选B。‎ 5. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：什么是不被建议做的？根据第三段最后一句“Teach your child what is needed in certain disasters...”可知A正确；根据倒数第三段第一句话“You should always have a plan for you and your child for any dangerous situation.”可知B正确；根据第三段第二句“...when preparing for bad weather...”可知D正确；而C在文中没有提到，故选C。‎ Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了一名叫罗伯特的学生无意间认真学习了学校墙上的宣传画，‎ 却因此救活了邻居家12个星期大的孩子的故事。文章告诉我们：平时要像罗伯特一样多留心学习一些急救措施。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：这位女士为什么请求罗伯特和他的兄弟叫救护车？根据第一段第三、四句“Her 12weekold baby seemed to stop breathing. She was so scared that she couldn't find her cell phone, so...”可知选项C符合题意。故选C。‎ 2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：谁教这位女士做正确的心肺复苏术？根据第二段内容可知是罗伯特本人教的。故选B。‎ 3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：罗伯特怎样学会心肺复苏术？根据第四段第二句“Instead, he learned it all by carefully reading the posters(宣传画) on the walls of his school hall.”可知选项C符合题意。故选C。‎ 4. A【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“resuscitation”的汉语意思是什么？根据上文“Her 12weekyear old baby seemed to stop breathing.”以及本句中的“by breathing into the baby's mouth”可知“复苏”符合语境。故选A。‎ 5. B【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：最后一段的主要意思是什么？本段叙述了一名学生用从学校墙壁的宣传画上学到的急救知识挽救了一个婴儿。由此可以看出学校文化对学生是有益的。故选B。‎ Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在突发事件中如何保护自己。遇到突发事件时，首先要保持镇静，这尤为重要。同时，介绍了在遇到踩踏、地震、火灾时应如何保护自己。‎ 1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：今年全国中小学生安全教育日的主题是什么？根据第二段中“The theme of the day this year is to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives safe.”可知今年全国中小学生安全教育日的主题是：给学生更多的安全知识，确保他们的生命安全。故选A。‎ 2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，事故发生时，你首先应该做什么？根据第四段第二句中“Staying calm(镇静)is the first and most important rule when facing accidents.”可知面对事故时，保持镇静是首要的也是最重要的规则。故选C。‎ 3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，下面哪个说法是正确的？根据第三段中“school accidents kill more elementary and middle school students”可知A错误；根据最后一段中“When there's a fire, follow the teachers' instructions, leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you don't breathe in smoke.”可知B正确；根据倒数第三段中“If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands.‎ ‎ Lean to one side, curl up your body and bend your legs.”可知C错误；根据倒数第二段中“If you are outdoors, don't stay near buildings, trees or power lines.”可知D错误。故选B。‎ 1. D【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章最好的标题是什么？本文主要介绍了在遇到突发事件，如踩踏、地震、火灾时如何保护自己。对此，作者提出了许多具体的建议，因此，最佳标题应为“如何保护自己”。故选D。‎ 2. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：如果作者继续写这篇文章，他会写关于什么的？根据第三段中“The main accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes, fires and sports injuries(伤害)．” 可知，突发事件主要有：踩踏、地震、火灾、运动受伤等。文章涉及到了前三项，运动受伤还没有涉及。因此，如果作者要继续写这篇文章，极有可能写这一方面的事故。故选C。‎ 专题训练十 自然与环境 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 Passage 1‎ Let's clean up the ocean together!‎ We all know it's important to have dreams. However, to make the dreams come true is not an easy thing. A young Dutch man named Boyan enjoys working hard to make his dreams come true.‎ When Boyan was 16, he went diving(潜水) in Greece. He was shocked to see more plastic bags than fish in the sea. The boy made up his mind to clean up the ocean. However, everyone told him that there was nothing he could do once plastic bags went into the ocean. The teenager didn't give up. He spent several months studying plastic pollution. Finally, he came up with a science project using floating barriers(漂浮的栅栏) to collect the_waste. That is to say, instead of using nets and ships to collect the plastic bags, the barriers can make the plastic bags come together with the help of natural ocean currents(洋流) and winds. What's more, the collected ‎ plastic bags can be recycled and made into products or oil.‎ Boyan won prizes for the project, but that was not enough for him: he wanted to make it a reality(实现). In 2013, he set up The Ocean Cleanup. Together with scientists, engineers and volunteers, the young man is working hard to clean up the ocean to make our world a better place.‎ Would you like to join them?‎ ‎(　　)1. Where did Boyan decide to clean up the ocean?‎ A. In Holland.　 B. In Greece.　　C. In England.　　　‎ ‎(　　)2. What does the waste mean in the third paragraph?‎ A. The nets. B. The barriers. C. The plastic bags.‎ ‎(　　)3. What may be The Ocean Cleanup?‎ A. A group. B. A club. C. A company.‎ ‎(　　)4. The author writes the passage to tell us ________．‎ A. to clean up the ocean ‎ B. not to pollute the ocean C. to protect our environment Passage 2‎ Andrew Holleman, a 12yearold boy, loved playing in the open land near his home. The land was wet and forested, and made a home for the birds, other animals and many different plants.‎ It made the perfect place for him to study and get to know the nature. He had seen some redtailed hawks, red foxes, wood turtles and other animals. He also found special native flowers.‎ Suddenly it was announced that the “empty” land would be improved by a lot of houses on it. The plants would be removed, the animals would run away and most would probably die. Then the wet soil(土壤)would be covered with extra grounds.‎ When he heard about the news, he was not happy. He was very worried that the land and water would be polluted.‎ Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area, and how the houses would affect(影响)the local environment. He sent letters to members of local government and television reporters. He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses.‎ Although he was only 12 years old, he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older. Andrew's teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants, and the environment. Each day after school, Andrew went doortodoor, to ask the people to sign(签名), who did not want the houses to be built. In only one month, he got the signatures of 250 people.‎ In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there. ‎ Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built, and thus help save the environment.‎ ‎(　　)1. The passage is mainly about ________．‎ A. 250 people who signed to help Andrew B. a brave boy who cared for the environment C. the open land that suited animals and plants D. the research of improving the environment ‎ ‎(　　)2. The underlined word “oppose” in the passage probably means ________．‎ A. support　　B. dislike　　C. disagree　　D. prefer ‎(　　)3. Andrew was very worried because ________．‎ A. the animals would be killed B. new houses would be built on the open land C. not all the neighbors were going to sign D. the local government made a right decision ‎(　　)4. According to the passage, Andrew ________．‎ A. was good at going doortodoor B. got in no touch with the reporters C. usually acted like a person much older D. was praised by his teachers and classmates ‎(　　)5. We can infer(推测)that ________．‎ A. the land would remain as it used to be ‎ B. the open land would be built into a park C. the neighbors would have to move away D. Andrew would soon work for the government ‎ Passage 3‎ ‎“Save the whales！” That's what the picture on Jake Smith's bedroom wall said. Jake liked having a picture that said something important that showed he cared. He just never expected to get a chance to save a real whale, one right in his own neighbourhood.‎ It was a Saturday morning when the newspaper first reported the whales' coming. A group of the animals were swimming close to the beach in Jake's hometown. All the local people rushed out to the beach to see them. They were expecting a beautiful show, better than a movie, but nothing they'd have to do anything about.‎ Then one whale swam in their direction, directly towards land. It came in with the waves, and when the waves receded,_it stayed. Its huge body rested on the sand. Suddenly, Jake and his family and all the others were no longer sightseers. They had to become rescuers. A few people ran towards the animal. They pushed and tried to force the whale back into the water, but it was no use.‎ An animal rescue service team soon arrived in a truck with heavy lifting machinery, to help move the animal. Jake and his family couldn't do much on the beach, so they went back to their house and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers. At least, Jake thought, they could help in some way.‎ Back at the beach, they offered the food to the rescuers and were happy to see that it was needed. It was getting dark. Some people lined up their cars along the beach and shined the headlights on the sand. The rescuers would not give up. After trying many times they were finally able to lift the whale into the water. Everyone cheered when it headed out to sea. It swam out about a mile and then disappeared for a moment under the sea. Then, in what looked like a jump for joy, it rose high above the water — a thankyou to those who had worked so hard to save its life.‎ ‎(　　)1. What does the picture on Jake's wall tell us about him?‎ A. He lived near the ocean.‎ B. He cared about the environment.‎ C. He worked as an animal rescuer.‎ D. He thought whales were the most beautiful animals.‎ ‎(　　)2. Why did the local people go down to the beach that morning?‎ A. To swim with the whales.‎ B. To help rescue the whales.‎ C. To see the whales swimming.‎ D. To watch a movie about whales.‎ ‎(　　)3. The underlined word “receded” in Paragraph 3 means ________．‎ A. didn't move B. went back out ‎ C. washed over D. got up ‎ ‎(　　)4. How did Jake and his family help save the whale?‎ A. By calling the rescue service.‎ B. By asking their neighbours for help.‎ C. By giving the rescuers food and drink.‎ D. By controlling the people on the beach.‎ ‎(　　)5. In what order did the events of the whale rescue take place?‎ a. The whale disappeared under the sea.‎ b. People turned on the light of the cars.‎ c. Rescuers lifted the whale into the water.‎ d. Animal rescue service brought its truck.‎ e. People pushed the whale towards the sea.‎ A. e－d－b－c－a B. e－b－c－d－a C. d－b－e－a－c D. a－e－b－d－c ‎ Passage 4‎ A wild baby bison(野牛) at Yellowstone National Park had to be killed because of tourists.‎ The tourists thought that the baby bison looked cold. They put it in their car and drove to park ranger(管理员) station.‎ A ranger described the action of the tourists as a “dangerous move” because adult bisons can look after their babies very well and they will attack(攻击) to protect their young.‎ Park rangers took the animal from the car and set it free. But, sadly, the baby was refused by its family because it had the smell from humans.‎ Yellowstone National Park explained on Facebook that the smell from people can cause parent animals to refuse to accept their young. The park tried again and again to make the baby bison live with its parents. After several times they had to give up.‎ Many people expressed anger at both the tourists and the park.‎ The park said that they did not have the ability to care for a young bison. They also said that it is “not the task of the park to save animals”．‎ The tourists were fined(罚款) $110 for touching park wildlife. Park rules say that visitors to Yellowstone should stay at least 22 meters away from all wildlife, and at least 90 meters away from bears and wolves.‎ One ranger said that Yellowstone recently added many safety signs that say staying near the wildlife there is dangerous to humans and animals as well. Those signs are written in English and other languages.‎ ‎(　　)1. The tourists took the baby bison to a park ranger station because they thought it looked ________．‎ A. sad B. hungry C. happy D. cold ‎(　　)2. The park ranger described the action of the tourists as a “dangerous move” because ________．‎ A. the tourists drove in a wrong way B. adult bisons would attack the tourists C. adult bisons couldn't look after their baby well D. the tourists would make the baby bison sick ‎(　　)3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. The park refused to send the baby bison back.‎ B. The visitors saved the baby bison.‎ C. Many people are angry at the bison family.‎ D. The smell from humans may bring trouble to bisons.‎ ‎(　　)4. From the passage, we can learn that ________．‎ A. we must keep away from any wild animal B. we should care about wild animals in a right way C. we'll be fined if we save a bison in the park D. we'd better write safety signs in many languages ‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 5‎ A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.‎ Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.‎ Even so, travel isn't that difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat.‎ Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there's nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.‎ Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made ice of the Arctic Ocean(北冰洋) melt(融化). Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.‎ Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be built under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.‎ ‎(　　)1. Which is the best way to travel in Venice?‎ A. The waterways. B. Taxis and cars.‎ C. 400 bridges. D. Boats and rain shoes.‎ ‎(　　)2. What doesn't cause Venice to get lower and lower?‎ A. The ice of the Arctic Ocean melt.‎ B. Seawater is everywhere around the city.‎ C. People used too much underground water.‎ D. The temperature has become higher over the years.‎ ‎(　　)3. What can we infer from the last passage?‎ A. Venice is sure to stop getting lower.‎ B. High waters won't hit Venice any more.‎ C. Scientists can solve the problems easily.‎ D. Some possible ways help to solve the problem.‎ ‎(　　)4. What's the best title of this passage?‎ A. The Places of Interest of Venice B. The History of Venice C. The Specials and Problems of Venice D. The MOST Project of Venice Passage 6‎ In the modern age, human society runs on energy. Most machines need electricity to operate. Humans can not live without electricity even a single day both in their daily life and work. They have many different ways to create electricity. But some ways are harmful to the environment.‎ For example, fossil fuels(化石燃料) are the most common kind of energy. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. First, people have to dig them from the ground. This can sometimes harm the environment. However, scientists are creating cleaner and better ways to do that these days. So the environment is not harmed as much as before. But when people burn these fossil fuels, they can give off a lot of harmful gases, which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming. This might harm the environment.‎ Tidal(潮汐) energy is another way to make electricity. This uses the ocean tides to make ‎ electricity. But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fish and other sea animals. Also dams(大坝) can create lots of clean energy. But dams create lakes and change the way that rivers run. So they can do great harm to the balance of nature around the lakes and along the rivers.‎ Nuclear(核) energy is a very powerful form of energy. It is cheap. It is also very clean. But many people are afraid of it because it uses radioactive materials. Also, there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm both to human and nature. But the technology is much better these days. So many countries are starting to use nuclear energy more.‎ ‎(　　)1. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about fossil fuels?‎ A. They are dug from the ground.‎ B. They are considered expensive.‎ C. They hardly harm the environment.‎ D. They are not widely used in the world.‎ ‎(　　)2. From the passage, we know that tidal energy can________．‎ A. cause serious accidents ‎ B. change the way that rivers run ‎ C. give off a lot of harmful gases ‎ D. kill many living things in the ocean ‎(　　)3. Nowadays many countries start to use nuclear energy more because________．‎ A. it's a common kind of energy B. people are not afraid of it now C. it's cheap, clean and safer than before D. people can't live without nuclear energy ‎(　　)4. The passage is probably in the part of ________ in a newspaper.‎ A. health B. science C. culture D. sports 专题训练十 自然与环保 参考答案 Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述一位名叫Boyan的年轻人如何实现自己的梦想，同时呼吁人们要保护海洋。‎ 1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Boyan决定在哪里清理海洋？根据第三段前三句“When Boyan was 16, he went diving (潜水) in Greece...The boy made up his mind to clean up the ocean.”可知是在希腊。故选B。‎ 2. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段中the waste的意思是什么？根据第三段倒数第二句中“make the plastic bags come together”与“collect the waste”为同义转换，可判断the waste是指The plastic bags，故选C。‎ 3. A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：The Ocean Cleanup可能是什么？根据第四段最后两句“In 2013, he set up The Ocean Cleanup. Together with scientists, engineers and volunteers, the young man is working...”可推知这是一个由科学家、工程师和志愿者组成的团体，致力于清理海洋垃圾。故选A。‎ 4. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们。根据文章第一段“Let's clean up the ocean together！”以及后文描写Boyan为清洁海洋所做的努力；同时结合最后一段呼吁大家加入到清洁海洋的队伍中，可知作者在呼吁我们为清洁海洋做出贡献。故选A。‎ Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述一个12岁男孩Andrew如何保护他周围的环境的故事。‎ 1. B【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要关于。本文主要讲述Andrew是如何保护环境，如何保留这块开阔的场地的，故选B。‎ 2. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：文章中划线单词“oppose”的意思可能是。根据第五段第一句“Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area, and how the houses would affect(影响) the local environment.”可知他是不同意在这片空地上建造房子的，故此单词的意思和disagree相近， 故选C。‎ 3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Andrew非常担心，因为。根据第三段第一句“Suddenly it was announced that the ‘empty’ land would be improved by a lot of houses on it.”和第四段第一句“When he heard about the news, he was not happy.”可知Andrew真正担心的是在这片空地上盖房子后动物们将迁移走，植物将被移除，土壤也会被破坏。故选B。‎ 4. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，‎ Andrew。根据倒数第三段第二、三句“Andrew's teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired...”可知D项符合题意。故选D。‎ 1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们可以推测。根据倒数第二段“In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there.”可知A项正确。故选A。Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jake和家人、邻居帮助营救人员把搁浅的鲸鱼救回大海的故事。‎ 1. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：Jake墙上的图片告知我们关于他的什么情况？根据文中第一段第二句“Jake liked having a picture that said something important that showed he cared.”可知选项B与之相符。故选B。‎ 2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：那天上午为什么人们到海滩上去？根据文中第二段后三句可知选项C符合题意。故选C。‎ 3. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段中划线单词“receded”的意思可能是。根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，此处表达退潮后，鲸鱼搁浅，因此划线单词表示(海水)退去。故选B。‎ 4. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：杰克和他的家人怎样救的鲸鱼？根据第四段中“Jack and his family couldn't do much on... and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers.”可知杰克和他的家人为营救者提供吃喝。故选C。‎ 5. A【解析】句子排序题。题干意为：营救鲸鱼的事件发生的顺序是什么？通读全文可知鲸鱼最终获救游回到大海。故a位于句末，营救人员到达之后，人们打开灯为营救人员照明，故d位于b之前。故选A。‎ Passage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文中主要讲述了几位游客因为觉得小野牛冷，就用车把它载到了公园管理站的故事。文章告诉我们：我们应该以一种正确的方式关心野生动物。‎ 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：游客们带这头小野牛去公园管理站是因为他们认为它看起来。根据第二段第一句“The tourists thought that the baby bison looked cold.”可知是因为游客们认为这头小野牛看起来冷。故选D。‎ 2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：公园管理员把游客的行为描述为“危险的动作”是因为。根据第三段“A ranger described the action of the tourists as a ‘dangerous move’ because adult bisons can look after their babies very well and they will attack(攻击) to protect their young.”可知成年野牛会袭击游客来保护它们的孩子。故选B。‎ 1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据这篇短文，下面哪一项是正确的？根据第四段第二句“But, sadly, the baby was refused by its family because it had the smell from humans.”和第五段第一句“...the smell from people can cause parent animals to refuse to accept their young.”可知来自人类的气味会给野牛带来麻烦。故选D。‎ 2. B【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：从这篇短文中，我们可以知道。阅读短文可知这些游客本意是出于关心这头小野牛，但是因为方式不当，反而给小野牛带来了麻烦。因此我们应该以一种正确的方式关心野生动物。故选B。‎ Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了威尼斯，近年来由于地下水过度使用使得该城下沉和北冰洋的融化，使得海平面上升。科学家们正在想办法拯救这座特别的城市。1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在威尼斯旅行的最好方式是什么？由第三段第二句“The waterways have always been the best way to get around.”可知在威尼斯最佳的旅游方式是水路旅游，故选A。‎ 2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：哪一项不是导致威尼斯越来越低的原因？通读第五段可知，造成威尼斯下沉的原因有两个：一是由于人们过多地使用地下水；二是因为过去几年来全球气温升高，北冰洋的冰融化，导致海平面上升。因此选项A、C、D符合文章事实，而选项B并不是造成威尼斯下沉的原因。故选B。‎ 3. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：我们从最后一段中可以推断出什么？由最后一段中的“Scientists are trying different ways... The Italian government has asked...to build the MOST project...”可知这一问题有可能解决的方法。故选D。‎ 4. C【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：文章的最佳标题是什么？通读全文可知，文章介绍了威尼斯的特殊交通方式及这座城市遇到的一些问题，故选C。‎ Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三种电能的特点和生产方法：化石燃料，潮汐能，核能。‎ 1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇短文，下列关于化石燃料下面哪项是正确的？根据第二段第三句“First, people have to dig them from the ground.”可知，人们必须从地下挖掘化石燃料。故选A。‎ 2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从这篇文章中，我们知道潮汐能可以。根据第三段第三句“But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fish and other sea animals.”可知潮汐会杀死海洋动物。故选D。‎ 3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：现在许多国家开始更多使用核能是因为。根据短文最后一段第二、三句“It is cheap. It is also very clean.”和倒数第二、三句“Also, there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm both to human and nature. But the technology is much better these days.”可知，现在它便宜、干净，而且比过去更安全。故选C。4. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇短文可能在报纸的 部分。根据短文内容可知，文中主要介绍了电能及产生电能的三种方式，可知这是一篇关于科技的短文。故选B。‎ 专题训练十一 风俗与文化 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 Passage 1‎ China is a large country. The population is over 1.3 billion. It has a special culture with a very long history.‎ Chinese food plays an important role for Chinese families. Different foods have special meanings. The main difference is that Chinese people eat their meals with chopsticks. One of the main foods in Chinese culture is rice. Tea is a favorite drink and it is popular in the market.‎ Chinese calendar is different from the one used in western countries. New Year's Day is in late winter. It is also called the Spring Festival. It has a big celebration of ringing out the old and ringing in the new. It has special foods and traditions. For example, sweeping the floor before New Year's Day sweeps away all the old year's bad luck.‎ The Chinese zodiac(生肖), known as Sheng Xiao, follows a twelveyear cycle. Each year is named for an animal. These animal signs are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. For example, the year that begins in 2016 is the year of the monkey.‎ Chinese is a complex(复杂的)language. Chinese writing developed almost 4，000 years ago and may even be older. Chinese writing has thousands of characters. A character stands for a word and also a meaning. Besides Putonghua, Chinese people speak six other forms of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects．‎ ‎(　　)1. What's the population of China?‎ A. Almost 4，000.‎ B. More than 1.3 billion.‎ C. 12 million. ‎ ‎(　　)2. The underlined “dialects” probably means “________” in ‎ Chinese.‎ A. 交际　　　　　B. 对话　　　　　C. 方言 ‎(　　)3. According to the passage, what's one of the main foods in China?‎ A. Tea. B. Rice. C. Meat. ‎ ‎(　　)4. The year that begins in 2016 isn't the year of the monkey, is it?‎ A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn't. C. I don't know. ‎ ‎(　　)5. What's the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Different foods have special meanings in Chinese culture.‎ B. Chinese is a popular language.‎ C. Chinese culture. ‎ Passage 2‎ Are you an eatinglover? Do you want to eat every delicious food in the world? Then do you watch the popular program A Bite of China? It's a TV program on Chinese delicious food which has been produced by CCTV. Is there any holiday that isn't celebrated with special festival food? Here are several traditional Chinese foods：‎ Noodles are a symbol of long life in Chinese culture. They are as much a part of Chinese birthday celebration as a birthday cake with its candles lit in many western countries. Since noodles mean long life, it is considered very unlucky to cut it off.‎ Although westerners sometimes may be very sorry to see fish lying on the plate, in China a whole fish is a symbol of richness. In fact, at a party it is a tradition to serve the whole fish last, pointed towards the most valued guest. Fish also has a special meaning because the Chinese word for fish, yu, sounds like the word for richness or plenty, and it is believed that eating fish will help your wishes come true in the year to come.‎ A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat Festival is Zongzi. This tasty dish is made of rice dumplings with meat, peanuts or other delicious food in bamboo leaves. The tradition of ‎ Zongzi is meant to remind us of a great man, Qu Yuan in Chinese history.‎ ‎(　　)1. A Bite of China is ________．‎ A. a magazine　　　　　　B. a newspaper ‎ C. a film D. a TV program ‎(　　)2. According to the passage, in traditional Chinese culture, people will eat ________ on their birthdays.‎ A. eggs　　　B. noodles　　　C. fish　　　D. cakes ‎(　　)3. Fish has a special meaning in Chinese culture mainly because ________．‎ A. it is served last at a party B. it is pointed to the valued guest C. it sounds like the word yu in Chinese D. it is so delicious that all Chinese people like it ‎(　　)4. ________ in the Dragon Boat Festival make(s) us think of Qu Yuan.‎ A. Zongzi B. Meat C. Peanuts D. Dumplings ‎(　　)5. The article mainly talks about ________．‎ A. Chinese food B. Chinese history C. Chinese festivals D. Chinese language Passage 3‎ In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts(主人)and the worst guests in the world. They're not really bad guests, but because the guesthost relationship in China is much different than in some western countries, it appears they are not nice guests. And western hosts sometimes look rude(粗鲁的)in the eyes of Chinese guests.‎ ‎ In China, guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter a Chinese person's home, there is always fruit on the table for me, and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west, generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host's way of doing things is usual behavior for a guest.‎ ‎ My wife's mother, a very kind elderly Chinese lady, doesn't smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house, as a nonsmoker, I feel unhappy. Usually I want to stop them ‎ directly, but I must realize that in China, to be a good host, she must not do that. In most North American homes, if you are a guest, and the hosts are not smokers, you should not smoke in their house. At the very least, you could ask, “Is it OK if I smoke？” But, don't be surprised if they say, “No, you can't smoke.” In our culture, if you smoke in their home, you are a bad guest, but if they do not allow you to smoke in their house, they are not a rude host.‎ ‎ Guests in China also have special habits. Some western people may not adapt_to these habits very soon. Thankfully my wife is Chinese, so whenever we visit a Chinese family she tells me to buy them a gift. However, giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So, if you invite international guests to your house, don't be too surprised if they don't bring you a gift.‎ ‎ In China, you probably won't need to change the guesthost relationship very much because you will probably only be the host, and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If western hosts invite you to their house, try not to be too surprised if their style of treating you is not what you have expected.‎ ‎(　　)1. Many foreigners think that Chinese hosts are the________ in the world.‎ A. best B. worst ‎ C. most natural D. most different ‎(　　)2. When a western guest visits a Chinese family, he often________．‎ A. buys some fruit B. feels like a god C. wants some gifts D. takes a cup of tea ‎(　　)3. If the writer's guests want to smoke in his house, what will he probably say?‎ A. It's OK if you smoke here. ‎ B. Let's smoke together.‎ C. Sorry, you can't smoke here. ‎ D. Smoking is a bad habit.‎ ‎(　　)4. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “adapt to” in the passage?‎ A. think back to B. get used to ‎ C. look forward to D. keep close to ‎(　　)5. What is the main idea of this passage?‎ A. Foreigners should learn from Chinese.‎ B. Hosts must do things in the guests' way.‎ C. Western hosts are always nice to guests.‎ D. People should understand cultural differences.‎ 专题训练十一 风俗与文化 参考答案 Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。从食物、节日习俗、生肖和语言等方面介绍了中国悠久的文化。‎ 1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：中国的人口是多少？根据第一段第二句“The population is over 1.3 billion.”可知选B。‎ 2. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“dialects”的汉语意思可能是“ ”。根据本段最后一句“Besides Putonghua, Chinese people speak six other forms of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects.”可知，除了普通话，中国人还说这种语言的六种其他形式，并且有许多种方言，故选C。‎ 3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据短文，在中国一种主要的食物是什么？根据第二段倒数第二句“One of the main foods in Chinese culture is rice.”可知选B。‎ 4. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：2016年开始的这一年不是猴年，是吗？根据倒数第二段最后一句“For example, the year that begins in 2016 is the year of the monkey.”可知2016年开始的这一年是猴年，故选A。‎ 5. C【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章的主旨大意是什么？分析整篇文章可知，全文主要介绍了中国历史悠久的文化，故选C。‎ Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的食物——面条、鱼和粽子的寓意和文化内涵。‎ 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：《舌尖上的中国》是。由文章第一段第四句“It's a TV program on Chinese delicious food...”可知《舌尖上的中国》是一档电视节目。故选D。‎ 2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，在中国传统文化中，人们在生日的时候吃。根据文章第二段“Noodles are a symbol of long life in Chinese culture. They are as much a part of Chinese birthday celebration ...” 可知在中国传统文化中，‎ 人们过生日要吃面条。故选B。3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在中国传统文化中鱼有着特殊的含义主要是因为。由文章倒数第二段最后一句中“...because the Chinese word for fish, yu, sounds like the word for richness or plenty...”可知，鱼在中国传统文化中的特殊意义在于它听起来像汉字中表示富裕的“余”。故选C。‎ 4. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在端午节让我们想起了屈原。根据文章最后一句“The tradition of Zongzi is meant to remind us of a great man, Qu Yuan in Chinese history.”可知，端午节的粽子能使我们想起屈原。故选A。‎ 5. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要谈论了。这篇文章主要介绍了中国三种传统食物——面条、鱼和粽子的寓意和文化内涵。故选A。‎ Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。通过列举实例介绍了中外待人接物的不同，告诉我们应该多了解不同国家的不同文化。 ‎ 1. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：许多外国人认为中国主人是世界上。根据文中第一段第一句“In the eyes of many foreigners, Chinese are the best hosts(主人)．..可知选项A与之相符。故选 A。‎ 2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当一名外国客人拜访中国家庭的时候，他经常。根据文中第二段第一句“In China, guests are almost like gods.”可知选项B与之相符。故选B。‎ 3. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：如果作者的客人想要在他的房子里吸烟，他可能会说什么？ 根据文中第三段倒数第二句“But, don't be surprised if they say，‘No, you can't smoke.’”由此可知选项C与之相符。故选C。‎ 4. B【解析】短语猜测题。题干意为：文中划线短语“adapt to”的意思是什么？联系上句中国的客人也有特殊的习惯，可知本句阐明了一些西方人可能不能很快适应这些习惯，四个选项中，只有B项与之相符，故选B。‎ 5. D【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章的主旨大意是什么？分析整篇文章可知，通过列举实例介绍了中外待人接物的不同文化，告诉我们应该多了解不同国家之间的不同文化。故选D。 ‎ ‎ ‎ 专题训练十二 科普知识与文化 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 Passage 1‎ A new report shows what life might be like in 100 years from now. It describes skyscrapers that are much taller than today's buildings, underwater ‘bubble’ cities and holidays in space. The report is from a company. It asked experts(专家) on space and architecture, as well as city planners, to give their ideas on the life in 2116. They said the way we live, work and play will be totally different to how we do these things today. The experts used the Internet as an example. They said that 25 years ago, people could not imagine how the Internet and smartphones would change our lives. The Internet has completely changed the way we communicate, learn and do daily things. The experts said the changes in the next century would be even more unbelievable.‎ Researchers questioned 2，000 adults about the predictions(预言) they thought were most likely(很可能的) to happen in the future. They predicted that in the future, few people will go to an office but will work from home and have work meetings online. People will have highly developed 3D printers that will let you download(下载) a design for furniture or a food recipe and then ‘print’ the sofa, table or pizza at home. There will also be less need for visits to the doctor. We will all have a home health instrument that will tell us what the problem is and give us treatment. We will also be going into space for holidays and to get resources that we have used up on Earth. A prediction that is missing is whether people will still need to study English.‎ ‎(　　)1. The writer uses the example of the Internet in Paragraph 1 to show ________．‎ A. the Internet was often used B. the Internet has developed fast C. people will not believe the changes D. technology will change people's lives ‎(　　)2. With the help of highly developed 3D printers, a way to get a sofa in 2116 is to ________．‎ A. buy one in a shop B. ask somebody to make one C. download a design and ‘print’ one D. design and make one by oneself ‎(　　)3. According to the passage, the missing prediction is ________．‎ A. how people will work B. where people will get resources C. what people will have at home to treat illness D. whether people will still need to learn English ‎(　　)4. The passage is mainly about ________．‎ A. the life in 2116　　　　　　　　B. holidays in space C. the history of the Internet D. medical treatment ‎(　　)5. The passage is most probably from ________．‎ A. an advertisement B. a newspaper C. a detective story D. a health report ‎ Passage 2‎ When I opened my email the other day, Rachel, a pretty woman, appeared on my computer screen. She greeted me by name and started talking happily. Sometimes she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss. It was cool, right? In fact, she was reading to me an email from my brother John.‎ Rachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail. Facemail lets you send emails in a funny way. By using it, your emails can be read to the receiver by an attractive person or by a clown. You can download the software at www.Facemail.com without paying. Facemail faces are lively and they can simulate the emotions that you put in your text. For example, type in ， and Rachel blows a kiss.‎ LifeFX, the company that developed the Facemail, is sure there are wide business uses. Why is ebusiness not so popular now? One of the reasons is that buying online has no human touch. But if you go to the Nike website, and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan greets you by name, serves you, and personally closes_the_sale,_ won't you be happy? Also, if mom can't be ‎ home when kids get back from school, she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat.‎ It's true that Facemail makes life easy and fun, but it should be used with care. The clown looks lively and funny at first. But if you choose the clown, put a few rude words in an email and add some angry emotions, you've got a Psycho mail.‎ ‎(　　)1. In fact, who is Rachel?‎ A. She is a pretty actress. ‎ B. She is John's girlfriend.‎ C. She is not a real person.‎ ‎(　　)2. What is the main advantage of Facemail?‎ A. You don't need to pay for it.‎ B. Email can be attractive in a more lovely way.‎ C. You can ask a beautiful woman to read the email to you.‎ ‎(　　)3. What does the underlined expression “closes the sale” probably mean?‎ A. 停止营业　　　　B. 达成交易　　　　C. 取消折扣 ‎(　　)4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. You shouldn't choose a clown.‎ B. Facemail can be widely used in business.‎ C. Mom can show her kids how to cook by Facemail.‎ ‎(　　)5. What is the writer's attitude(态度) towards Facemail?‎ A. He thinks it's a danger to the Internet.‎ B. He thinks it needs further improvement.‎ C. He thinks it's a cool and funny technology.‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 3‎ Many homes have cameras to protect them from danger. The cameras can tell the owners if someone has entered. But the cameras do not know whether the person is a family member, a friend, a postman or a criminal(罪犯)．‎ But a new camera made by a French company can recognize(辨别出) faces. It can tell ‎ parents at work that their children have returned from school, or that the mail has been sent to their home. It can also tell them if a stranger has entered their home. When family members enter a home, the smart camera “recognizes” them and sends information to the owner's phone. The owner can choose to see the video then or later. But if an unknown person enters a home, the camera will send a warning sound on the owner's phone.‎ This is what happened recently to a smart home camera owner named Damien. He lives in Paris.‎ ‎“On a Friday I was at work, having a big monthly meeting when my phone moved. At first I told myself ‘Oh, it must be a wrong warn，’ but my phone was telling me there was a face that the camera did not recognize. Something was happening in my house! ”‎ ‎“I saw a person I did not know with his shoes on, which is not allowed in my apartment(公寓). I watched it on the video. I felt quite surprised. I hurried back home as fast as possible and called the police on the way. Thanks to the smart camera, the criminal was caught soon，” said Damien.‎ ‎(　　)1. The new smart camera is different from the ones in many homes because it can________.‎ A. protect the owner　　　　B. help a school child C. recognize faces D. call the police ‎(　　)2. In Damien's apartment, people can't ________．‎ A. wear shoes B. watch videos ‎ C. have cameras D. send mails ‎(　　)3. If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best?‎ ‎(①＝Para.(自然段)1　②＝Para.2　③＝Para.3‎ ‎④＝Para.4　⑤＝Para.5)‎ A. ①；②③；④⑤ B. ①；②；③④⑤‎ C. ①②③；④；⑤ D. ①②；③④；⑤‎ ‎(　　)4. The best title of the passage may be “________”．‎ A. Catching Criminals in a Better Way ‎ B. Strange Video Faces C. Warning Sound on the Phone ‎ D. Smart Home Cameras ‎ Passage 4‎ Hover Camera(无人相机)‎ Wang Mengqiu, the inventor of Hover Camera, was born in Hangzhou in 1982. He once studied at Stanford University in the United States. He became famous overnight(一夜成名) because of the invention.‎ Forget selfie sticks(自拍杆)! Compared to other cameras, Hover Camera has many advantages.‎ ‎*It can fly and stay in midair, track your face and even follow you to make sure it gets the perfect picture.‎ ‎*It can be controlled by using a smartphone(智能手机)．‎ ‎*It records movements with a 13MP camera and takes 4K video.‎ ‎*It is the best choice for weddings, sports games and holidays.‎ Mr. Wang also said, “The main design consideration is easy and safe to take for the users. It's very light and small. It can be folded(折叠) in two, so it can be easily put into a bag. When the power is low, it can land on the ground safely on its own.”‎ It's reported that the company has raised $25 million to produce it. As it is still being tested(测试), Hover Camera can be bought later this year.‎ The price has not yet been decided. But a spokesman says the company hopes to sell it for less than $600.‎ ‎(　　)1. Hover Camera can________．‎ A. swim in the water B. fly in the midair C. change its weight D. be used as a phone ‎(　　)2. The underlined word “track” means ________．‎ A. pull　　　B. follow　　　C. push　　　　D. show ‎(　　)3. According to the passage, why is Hover Camera easy and safe to take?‎ A. It's light and small.‎ B. It can be folded in three.‎ C. It doesn't need power.‎ D. Only a smartphone can make it land.‎ ‎(　　)4. Which is not mentioned in the passage?‎ A. How can we control Hover Camera?‎ B. When can we buy Hover Camera?‎ C. How much is Hover Camera?‎ D. How popular will Hover Camera be?‎ ‎(　　)5. According to the passage, Wang Mengqiu is a ________ young man.‎ A. brave B. quiet C. creative D. humorous ‎ ‎ Passage 5‎ The Building That Moves Everyone knows that buildings don't move. They can't change the way they look. However, architect(建筑师)David Fisher wants to change that. ‎ Fisher has an amazing idea. He wants to make 80story buildings that change shape. Each floor will move around slowly. The floors will move at different speeds. Because of this, the shape of the building is always changing. “These buildings will never look the same，”says Fisher.‎ His idea is an interesting one. However, Fisher doesn't stop there. He also wants the building to be “green”. The building will make its own energy. In most buildings, only the top floor has a roof(屋顶). In Fisher's building, each floor will have its own roof. The roofs each have solar panels(太阳能板). This means a lot more solar energy. Also, machines between each floor of the building will catch the wind. They will turn the wind into energy. ‎ Fisher's ideas sound impossible. However, that's_what_people_also_said_before_humans_traveled_into_space!‎ ‎(　　)1. The passage is mainly talking about________．‎ A. buildings for the future B. the life of an architect C. how green buildings work ‎(　　)2. The underlined word “80story”means the building has 80________．‎ A. shapes 　　B. floors 　　　　C. different speeds ‎(　　)3. Fisher's building can make its own energy because the building________．‎ A. is tall and always moving B. is tall and has many solar panels C. is always moving and has many solar panels ‎(　　)4. The Fisher's building will NOT get energy from________．‎ A. the sun 　　B. the water 　　　　C. the wind ‎( )5. Why does the writer say “that's_what_people_also_said_before_humans_traveled_into_space”？‎ A. To show why Fisher's building will never work.‎ B. To show why Fisher's building is like a spaceship.‎ C. To show that unusual ideas can sometimes work.‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 6‎ Pollution inside homes and other buildings kills more than 4 million people each year. Many people die as a result of breathing smoke or from cooking over woodpowered or coalpowered stoves.‎ One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun. Crosby Menzies, a solar power expert in a South African company, described his latest solar cooker called the “Sol 4”. “It is four square meters of mirrors, six to eight meters in length. It is ‎ quite a large cooker.”‎ The “Sol 4” works by reflecting (反射) light from the sun off large mirrors. The mirrors direct (把……对准) the light at a cooking pan. Then the light heats the pan with solar energy. Within two minutes, the pan is hot enough to cook sausages and onions. In just four minutes, water can be boiled. That is as fast as cooking with natural gas or electricity.‎ The cooker is also much “friendlier” than other models because people do not have to stand in the sun to use it. And people can prepare meals without having to collect firewood or spend money on coal. Such individuals would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke.‎ At present, the cooker only works when the sun is shining.But engineers are working on a way to make it work without sunlight.‎ Each cooker costs about $2，000, which is a large amount of money for most Africans.To solve that problem, Crosby Menzies has created a nongovermental organization called Solar Cookers for Africa. It plans to raise money through donations to provide poor people with solar cooking equipment.‎ ‎(　　)1. This passage is mainly about ________．‎ A. solar cookers B. smoke pollution C. solar power experts D. breathing illnesses ‎(　　)2. The “Sol 4” is mainly used to________．‎ A. shorten the time of cooking B. reduce the cost of making cookers C. raise money through donations to help African people D. reduce the number of deaths caused by harmful smoke ‎(　　)3. The underlined word “individuals” most probably means “________”．‎ A. cookers　　B. mirrors　　C. people　　D. experts ‎(　　)4. Which of the following about the “Sol 4” is TRUE?‎ A. It is six to eight square meters of mirrors.‎ B. It can work in any weather condition now.‎ C. It can also heat the pan by lighting firewood.‎ D. It is more environmentfriendly than other cookers.‎ ‎(　　)5. From the passage, we can infer that ________．‎ A. the “Sol 4” will be designed in a smaller size B. more Africans can use the solar cookers in the future C. the “Sol 4” is the first product of the South African company D. the African government will provide poor people with solar cookers Passage 7‎ Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in Nuevo Saposoa, a small village in Peru, South America. However, things went from bad to worse in March 2015 after heavy rains damaged the only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to use oil lamps, which are not only expensive but also dangerous because of the harmful gases they produce.‎ Luckily，researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb. ‎ While that may sound amazing and even impossible, the science behind the idea is quite simple. As plants create their food(using the sun's energy, water and chemicals from the soil), they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons — the building blocks of electrical energy. The UT team put special sticks inside the soil to capture the energy and keep it in the lamp's batteries for later use. The researchers say a single charge can power a 50watt LED light for two hours — enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done.‎ The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Saposoa in October 2015. So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT professor who invented the lamp believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people, especially small rainforest communities, 42% of whom have no electricity.‎ ‎(　　)1. What are the problems of oil lamps according to Paragraph 1?‎ A. They are difficult to use and create pollution.‎ B. They are expensive to buy and easily damaged.‎ C. They are difficult to repair and produce little light.‎ D. They are expensive to use and can be bad for health.‎ ‎(　　)2. The electricity made by the Plant Lamp comes from________．‎ A. plant food B. plant waste ‎ C. the soil's heat D. the sun's energy ‎(　　)3. What is true about the Plant Lamp?‎ A. It can be made by local people.‎ B. It is much easier to use than oil lamps.‎ C. It can produce all the electricity the village needs.‎ D. The things it needs to make electricity are easy to find.‎ ‎(　　)4. The Plant Lamp's inventor believes it could be most helpful for________．‎ A. rainforest communities B. cars C. poor people in cities D. farmers ‎ ‎(　　)5. What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A. To report on a new invention.‎ B. To explain a new scientific theory.‎ C. To describe how electricity is made.‎ D. To discuss the problems of poor villages.‎ 专项训练十二 科普知识与现代科技 参考答案 Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了100年后的生活。‎ 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者在第一段使用网络的例子来表明。由第一段中“They said that 25 years ago, people could not imagine how the Internet and smartphones would change our lives.”可知，人们不敢想象科学技术能改变人们的生活。故选D。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在高速发展的3D打印机的帮助下，在2116年得到一个沙发的方式是。由第二段第三句“People will have highly developed 3D printers that will let you download(下载) a design for furniture or a food recipe and then ‘print’ the sofa, table or pizza at home.”可知，人们下载一个设计，然后用高速发展的3D打印机打印出来。故选C。‎ 2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，消失的预言是。由文章第二段最后一句“A prediction that is missing is whether people will still need to study English.”可知，一个消失的预言是人们是否仍需要学习英语。故选D。‎ 3. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要是关于。由文章第一句话“A new report shows what life might be like in 100 years from now.”可知，文章主要讲述了100年后的生活。故选A。5. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇文章很可能来自。文章主要讲述了100年后的生活。所以这篇文章很可能来自报纸。故选B。‎ Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一种叫做Facemail的新科技产品，能以一种颇为迷人的男性、女性或丑角的形象向电子邮件的接收者读邮件。‎ 1. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：事实上，谁是Rachel？根据文章第一段“In fact, she was reading to me an email from my brother John.”和第二段“Rachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail.”可知Rachel能够读来自弟弟的邮件，她之所以能出现，是由于一种新科技。所以Rachel不是真人。故选C。‎ 2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Facemail的主要优势是什么？根据第二段“Facemail lets you send emails in a funny way. By using it, your emails can be read to the receiver by an attractive person or by a clown.”可知，用这种Facemail发送的电子邮件能够将其内容拟人化，并带有发送者所赋的表情，这样就使阅读邮件的过程变得很有趣，令人感觉很舒适，从而具有吸引力。故选B。‎ 3. B【解析】短语猜测题。题干意为：划线短语“closes the sale” 意思可能是什么？文章第三段讲了Facemail在商务上的应用，通过“现在的电子商务不是那么受欢迎”与假设的情境“迈克尔·乔丹喊着你的名字与你打招呼、接待你，你会很高兴”之间的对照，可以推断出closes the sale意为“达成交易”。故选B。‎ 4. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章以下哪项是正确的？根据第三段中关于电子商务的介绍可知作者提出了一种假设：假如你进入耐克公司的网站，看到迈克尔·乔丹喊着你的名字与你打招呼、接待你并亲自与你进行交易，你不会很高兴吗？可断定B项正确。故选B。‎ 1. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者对Facemail是什么态度？通过对文章的理解，我们可知作者对Facemail是持肯定和赞赏态度的，从第一段中“It was cool, right？”以及第三段中的假设情境使电子商业变得有趣都可得到提示。故选C。‎ Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一种智能家庭摄像机的功能，并举了发生在一个用户家的事例来说明这种摄像机的神奇之处。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：这种新型智能摄像机与许多家庭中的不同是因为它能。根据第二段首句“But a new camera made by a French company can recognize(辨别出) faces.”可知这种摄像机的不同之处在于它能识别脸部。故选C。‎ 2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在Damien的公寓内，人们不能。根据最后一段第一句“I saw a person I did not know with his shoes on, which is not allowed in my apartment(公寓)．”可知在Damien的公寓内不允许穿鞋，故选A。‎ 3. B【解析】文章结构题。题干意为：如果我们把这篇短文分成三部分，下面哪一项是最好的？阅读短文可知这篇短文第一段介绍了传统摄像机的功能，第二段介绍了一种新型智能摄像机，第三、四、五段介绍了发生在Damien家的一件事，因此按照这个结构来划分段落最好。故选B。‎ 4. D【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇短文最好的标题可能是“”。阅读短文可知这篇短文主要介绍了一种智能家庭摄像机。故选D。‎ Passage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了出生在杭州的80后小伙王孟秋发明的无人相机的一些特点及发展前景。‎ 1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：无人相机可以。根据第三段第一句“It can fly and stay in midair...”可知这款相机可以在半空中飞行并停留。故选B。‎ 2. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“track”的意思是。根据第三段第一句中的“...fly and stay in midair...”及“...and even follow you to make sure it gets the perfect picture.”可以猜测出track的意思为“追踪”。故选B。‎ 3. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章内容，为什么无人相机携带方便且安全？根据第七段第二句“It's very light and small.”可知因为无人相机轻便、小巧而便于携带。故选A。4. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：下面哪一项没有被提到？通读全文可知A项在第四段“It can he controlled by using a smartphone(智能手机)．”被提及；B项在第八段第二句“...Hover Camera can be bought later this year”被提及；C项第九段第二句“But a spokesman says the company hopes to sell it for less than $ 600.”被提及，只有D项未被提及。故选D。‎ 5. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据文章，王孟秋是一个年轻人。通读全文可知，王孟秋发明了无人相机，说明他是一个有创新意识的人。故选C。‎ Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了建筑师大卫·菲舍尔想建造一个80层环保型移动建筑的独特设想。‎ 1. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇短文主要谈论了。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了建筑师大卫·菲舍尔对于未来大楼的设想，故选A。‎ 2. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“80story”是指建筑有80。根据第二段第三、四句“Each floor will move around slowly. The floors will move at different speeds.”可知“80story”指的是“80层”。故选B。 ‎ 3. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：菲舍尔的大楼可以自己产生能源，因为这座大楼。根据第三段第六、七句“In Fisher's building, each floor will have its own roof. The roofs each have solar panels(太阳能板)．”及第九、十句“Also, machines between each floor of the building will catch the wind. They will turn the wind into energy.”可知，菲舍尔设计的大楼能产生能量是因为大楼每层都有太阳能板，且建筑物楼层间的机器可以从移动的楼层中获取风能。故选C。‎ 4. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：菲舍尔的大楼无法从 获得能源。由第三段第七、八句“The roofs each have solar panels(太阳能板). This means a lot more solar energy.”可知能从太阳中获得能源；由第三段第九、十句“Also, machines between each floor of the building will catch the wind. They will turn the wind into energy.”可知能从风中获得能源。文中未提及菲舍尔设计的大楼能从水中获取能量。故选B。‎ 5. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者为什么说“在人类登上太空前，人们也这样讲”？由最后一段第二句中的“However”可知，该句与前一句之间为转折关系，表明作者的态度是支持的。故选C。‎ Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是一种更加环保的灶具—— Sol－4。‎ 1. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇短文主要是关于。根据短文的描述可知主要是介绍太阳灶Sol－4的用处，故选A。‎ 2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：“Sol－4”主要被用来。根据第二段第一、二句“One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun. Crosby Menzies, a solar power expert in a South African company, described his latest solar cooker called the ‘Sol－4.’”可知选D。‎ 3. C【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“individuals”的意思是什么？根据第四段第二、三句“And people can prepare meals without having to...be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke. ”可知吸入有害烟尘得呼吸疾病的可能性小，说的对象是人，故选C。‎ 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下列关于“Sol－4”的说法哪一项是正确的？根据第二段中“It is four square meters of mirrors...”可知A项错误；根据倒数第二段的第一句“At present, the cooker only works when the sun is shining.”可知B项错误；根据第三段中“Then the light heats the pan with solar energy.”可知是用太阳能来加热这个锅，故C项错误；根据全文我们知道介绍的是Sol－4 是一种更加环保的灶具，故选D。‎ 2. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从短文中，我们可以推断。 根据最后一段最后一句“It plans to raise money through donations to provide poor people with solar cooking equipment.”可知这个非政府组织计划通过集资捐款为穷人提供太阳能烹饪设备，将来更多的非洲人会用太阳灶。故选B。‎ Passage 7【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一项新的发明，它能够让没有供电的雨林地区的人们利用丰富的植物资源制造一种新的“植物电灯”。‎ 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据第一段，油灯的问题是什么的？从第一段最后一句可知，油灯不仅贵，而且会产生有害气体。故选D。‎ 2. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：植物灯的电来自哪里？ 从第三段中的“Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electronsthe building blocks of electrical energy.”可知土壤里的微生物吃掉了植物产生的废物并生成了电子，因此这种植物灯所产生的电来源于植物所产生的废物。故选B。‎ 3. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：有关植物灯的叙述哪一项是正确的？根据第二段中的“They made a lamp that can be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found...”可知选D。‎ ‎4. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：植物灯的发明者认为其对最有用？从文中最后一句可知A正确。故选A。‎ ‎5. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：写这篇文章的目的是什么？纵观全文，可知是在介绍一种新的发明。故选A。‎ 专题训练十三 热点话题 时间：8～10分钟/篇　　分值：2分/小题 Passage 1‎ As the Internet is developing fast, more and more new words and phrases have been created in Chinese. Here are some examples.‎ One of the most popular words is Dianzan, which is often used when you quite agree with someone. Another example is Renxing. When you say somebody is Renxing, you mean that they will do whatever they like. The phrase Miaosha first came from online shopping, which means you can complete your shopping orders before others. But now it's widely used when you achieve your purpose in a very short time. If you describe somebody as a Tuhao, you mean that he is very rich.‎ You can find lots of such new Chinese words. Keep learning and you'll know more about Chinese culture.‎ ‎(　　)1. When you quite agree with someone, you may say________．‎ A. Renxing　　　　　B. Miaosha　　　　　C. Dianzan ‎(　　)2. What does Renxing mean in English?‎ A. Someone can complete his/her shopping orders before others.‎ B. Someone will do whatever he/she likes.‎ C. He/She is very rich.‎ ‎(　　)3. How many kinds of Internet language are mentioned in the ‎ passage?‎ A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.‎ ‎(　　)4. What does the underlined word “purpose” mean in Chinese?‎ A. 目标 B. 讨论 C. 成功 ‎(　　)5. Which of the following is Right according to the passage?‎ A. Now, fewer and fewer words and phrases have been created in Chinese.‎ B. Miaosha has been created two meanings in Chinese.‎ C. You can find lots of new Chinese words without learning.‎ Passage 2‎ ‎ Hangzhou, the capital of East China's Zhejiang Province, is one of China's finest and most popular tourist places. The city is ready to hold the twoday 2016 G20 Summit(“20国集团”峰会) from September 4.‎ The city has been trying its best to greet the coming Summit. The new hotels for Chinese and foreign leaders, as well as the rebuilding and improvement of some old streets, are almost finished. The riverbanks(河岸) of the Qiantang River are made much more beautiful with colorful lights.‎ We saw the 100day countdown(倒计时) on May 27, 2016. More than 5，000 staff(工作人员) and volunteers are preparing for the summit.‎ ‎(　　)1. From the passage, we can know that Hangzhou is________．‎ A. the capital of East China B. the biggest city in China C. one of the most famous places for the Chinese tourists ‎(　　)2. When will the 2016 G20 Summit end in Hangzhou?‎ A. September 2.　　B. September 4.　　C. September 5.‎ ‎(　　)3. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Chinese and foreign leaders will live in new hotels when attending the Summit.‎ B. Hangzhou is trying to rebuild all the old streets.‎ C. Hangzhou is becoming more and more beautiful now.‎ ‎(　　)4. How many staff and volunteers are getting prepared for the Summit?‎ A. Over 5，000. B. Less than 5，000. C. More than 500.‎ ‎(　　)5. Where does this reading material most probably come from?‎ A. A story book. B. A newspaper. C. A text book.‎ Passage 3‎ ‎ China is a great country with the largest population in the world. In order to solve the population problem，our government carried_out onechild policy (政策) before. When it is carried out for some time, many people not only see its advantages but also disadvantages.‎ From 2016, twochild policy is put into effect. In my opinion, twochild policy is good. First of all, twochild policy is the gift for some only child. For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only child. Besides the loneliness of their child，when their child grows up and they grow older, their child marry an only child girl, the burden (负担) on their child and his wife is too heavy. Their child and his wife have to take care of two couples. Usually, a young couple looking after an old couple is a little difficult. But if their parents have two children, they can share the burden of taking care of their parents. It would be much better. Secondly, twochild policy can guarantee (保证) the number of Chinese population.‎ All in all, onechild policy has been out of date. And twochild policy is needed and necessary. It can solve the problems of nowadays (现在) and the future.‎ ‎(　　)1. Which country has the largest population in the world?‎ A. America.　　B. Britain.　　C. China.　　D. Japan.‎ ‎(　　)2. The underlined phrase “carried_out”in Paragraph 1 means “________” in Chinese.‎ A. 携带 B. 取消 C. 禁止 D. 实行 ‎(　　)3. Our government carried out onechild policy before in order to ________．‎ A. solve the population problem B. take care of two old couples C. share the burden of taking care of their parents D. argue that twochild policy should be put into effect ‎(　　)4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?‎ A. Onechild policy has its advantages and disadvantages.‎ B. It's easy for a young couple to look after an old couple.‎ C. China is a great country with the largest population in the world.‎ D. For some families, maybe the parents are only child and they also can have only child before 2016.‎ ‎(　　)5. What's the main idea of this passage?‎ A. Twochild policy is needed and necessary.‎ B. Our government carried out onechild policy.‎ C. Twochild policy is the gift for some only child.‎ D. Twochild policy can guarantee the number of Chinese population.‎ ‎ Passage 4‎ Zhang Ming, a college student from Shandong, created a 9page “WeChat guide”. With drawings and simple words, the stepbystep guide explains how to send messages, take pictures and make video calls. Zhang made the guide for his parents. “My parents are getting old. They need an easy way to learn how to use new technology，” he said.‎ Zhang's experience is common nowadays. Worldwide, 40 percent of parents learn about new technologies, including computers, mobile Internet and social media, from their children, according to a study from the International Communication Association in 2014.‎ Parents used to teach their kids about almost everything. Now for the first time, the teachers become the students, and the students turn into the teachers.‎ The change of roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology, says Zhou Xiaohong, a sociology professor from Nanjing University. Zhou said the Internet and other forms ‎ of media give children ways to get information besides from asking older generations(长辈). Therefore, in the age of information, it's possible that children know more than their parents do.‎ According to the China Internet Network Information Center(CINIC), 56.7 percent of Internet users and 67.2 percent of social media users in China are under the age of 30. The younger generation usually acts as a link between their family and the new environment. But when they teach their parents new technologies, parents can connect to the new world by themselves, noted Zhou.‎ In Zhang Ming's eyes, teaching his parents about WeChat brings him closer to his parents. “People can communicate more by using new technology. Why should we keep our parents out？” said Zhang.‎ ‎(　　)1. According to the passage, Zhang's parents can't ________ with the “WeChat guide”．‎ A. make video calls B. send messages C. grab the red envelopes D. take pictures ‎(　　)2. Why does children know more than their parents do nowadays?‎ A. Because parents teach the children about almost everything.‎ B. Because children can ask more older generations for help.‎ C. Because parents are getting old.‎ D. Because children can get more information by using new technologies.‎ ‎(　　)3. What does the underlined word “link” in paragraph 5 mean?‎ A. teacher B. connection ‎ C. treasure D. conversation ‎(　　)4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A. Zhang Ming's “WeChat guide” is made up of drawings and simple words.‎ B. 40% of parents learn about new technologies from their children all over the world in 2014.‎ C. 56.7% of social media users in China are under 30 according to the CINIC.‎ D. Zhang Ming thinks that we should encourage our parents to use more new technologies.‎ ‎(　　)5. What's the best title of the passage?‎ A. Ways of using new technology ‎ B. Kids can also teach parents C. How parents connect to the world ‎ D. Ways to get information ‎ ‎ Passage 5‎ ‎ Who is smarter, human being or artificial intelligence(AI, 人工智能)? The question swept the world a few months ago. In March 2016, AlphaGo, an AI program developed by Google, had the Go(围棋) match with Lee Sedol, a South Korean Go player. He is the world top player of this old Chinese game.‎ In October 2015, AlphaGo became the first computer program to beat a professional(职业的)human Go player. And this time, it beat Lee Sedol 4－1.‎ In fact, before the match, most people believed that Lee would certainly be the winner, because they didn't think that AI was good enough to beat the human mind. However, the result was disappointing. As a machine, AlphaGo would never get tired, while Lee Sedol was only a human and humans must have some weaknesses.‎ AlphaGo's wins over a human champion(冠军) show that computers can do more difficult tasks. Some people may worry whether computers are now smart enough to beat us at everything. But scientists say that is not the case. Real life problems can be more difficult than the Go game. Thomas Johnson, a scientist of AI said, “It's not hard to get a computer program to remember and produce facts. What is hard is getting computers to use knowledge in everyday situation.” And we believe we can use the technology of AI to improve the world.‎ ‎(　　)1. The match between AlphaGo and Lee Sedol is mentioned at the beginning of the article mainly to ________．‎ A. get the reader to think about AI B. draw the reader's attention to AlphaGo C. show how AI is usually tested D. tell the reader AI has over the human brain ‎(　　)2. What was the result of the match?‎ A. Google program beat AlphaGo. ‎ B. Lee Sedol won AlphaGo 4－1.‎ C. Lee Sedol was beaten. ‎ D. Neither side won the match.‎ ‎(　　)3. —Why did most people believe Lee would be the winner?‎ ‎—Because ________．‎ A. computers had weaknesses and also got tired B. AlphaGo only beat a human Go player once C. the Go game was invented by Chinese people D. computers were not so smart as a human ‎(　　)4. What does Thomas Johnson probably agree with?‎ A. AI does better than humans in every situation.‎ B. It's hard for AI to beat the human at everything.‎ C. The development of AI could be harmful one day.‎ D. AI should be used to help us make difficult decisions.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 6‎ Every school seems to have a “bully”(欺凌). In fact, bullying goes on in schools all over the world. Bullying is a common situation at school. We need to get to know more about bullying.‎ Who gets picked on(被选择)? Bullies pick on people they think don't fit in—someone who “looks different” or isn't as “smart” or as “rich”. For example, shy kids often get picked on because of their characters. Physically hitting someone is the most obvious(明显的) form of bullying, but insulting(侮辱), gossiping(说闲话) and making fun of others are also usual forms of bullying.‎ What can you do to stop bullying? If you are the bully, think about how your actions hurt others. You can't build yourself up by putting others down. When you're feeling stressed or angry, find acceptable ways to deal with your frustrations.‎ If you are the victim(受害者), tell a trusted adult and get some help. Many times adults can find ways to solve the problem. Here is some wise advice: ‎ ‎●Ignore(忽略) the bully and walk away.‎ ‎●Hold your temper(脾气). Maybe the bully wants you to explode(发怒)．‎ ‎●Don't fight physically. It may lead to more violence(暴力)．‎ ‎●Practice confidence even if you have to pretend it.‎ ‎●Talk with parents or teachers about it. They are sure to help you solve the problem.‎ ‎●Make true friends at school. That may be helpful.‎ ‎(　　)1. According to the passage, what's going on at school in the world?‎ A. Being late. B. Bullying.‎ C. Being angry. D. Fighting with teachers.‎ ‎(　　)2. Who may be bullied at school easily?‎ A. The person who is smart. ‎ B. The person who doesn't gossip.‎ C. The person who is shy. ‎ D. The person who often gossips.‎ ‎(　　)3. As a student, how can you stop bullying?‎ A. Think less about the results of your actions.‎ B. Build yourself up by insulting others.‎ C. Deal with your frustrations by fighting with others.‎ D. Deal with your stress or anger in acceptable ways.‎ ‎(　　)4. What can a student do to avoid being a victim?‎ A. Don't ignore the bully and face it.‎ B. Don't talk to parents about it directly.‎ C. Make more good friends at school.‎ D. Fight physically if he or she can't hold temper.‎ ‎ Passage 7‎ We can't remember clearly since when we started to take our mobiles to a dinner table. This happens a lot, especially when we eat out. Once a dish comes, instead of lifting our chopsticks, we take out our mobiles and click. Later, we post the photos onto Weibo or WeChat, waiting to be “liked”. Then we check our mobiles from time to time during the meal, to see whether we get “liked” or not.We just cannot leave our mobiles for only a meal.‎ Does that sound familiar to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you feel when others do that when having dinner with you?‎ ‎ A recent study suggests that what we are used to doing is not so good. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant.To test this, some researchers did an experiment. Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food. As a result, it showed that the more photos they took, __▲__. So, why not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food in front of you?‎ Besides the scientific result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will not be able to control himself and check his mobile many times. “Does everyone like my photos? I hope a lot of people like them！” It seems that your mobile secretly calls your name all the time, even when you are with real people.‎ So, next time you go out to have dinner with your family or friends, how about not taking photos of food? Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with people around you. Trust me, it will be a wonderful time.‎ ‎(　　)1. From the passage, what happens a lot at the dinner table nowadays?‎ A. People talk about their Weibo or WeChat.‎ B. People learn from each other how to cook dishes.‎ C. People like taking photos with friends or families.‎ D. People take photos of food and post them before eating.‎ ‎(　　)2.Which of the following can be put in the __▲__ in Paragraph 3?‎ A. the less cheerful they became B. the less delicious the food seemed to them C. the more interested they were in the food D. the more “liked” they got on Weibo or WeChat ‎(　　)3.What does the fourth paragraph talk about?‎ A. The reasons for checking your mobiles.‎ B. The ways of posting the photos onto the Internet.‎ C. The tips(提示)of making others like your photos on the Weibo.‎ D. Some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals.‎ ‎(　　)4. Which of the following is the writer's opinion?‎ A. We take our mobiles and click when a dish comes.‎ B. We check our mobiles from time to time during the meal.‎ C. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant.‎ D. Some people were asked to take photos before they could enjoy food.‎ ‎(　　)5. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Take photos of food in order to have a wonderful life.‎ B. Take photos of delicious food and share them with others.‎ C. Remember to have dinner with our family and friends at home.‎ D. Enjoy the life with people around us instead of taking photos of food.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Passage 8‎ Have you found that more and more people are using emojis to communicate online? For example, “Happy Birthday” has become a cake with lit candles. And “I am happy” has become a smiling face.‎ Emojis have been warmly welcomed since they were invented in the 1990s in Japan. According to a survey of a mobile technology company, 6 billion emojis are used in text messages around the world every day. Last year, 20 percent of all emojis used in the UK and 17 percent of ‎ those used in the US was the icon . It became the most widelyused icon in 2015.‎ Emojis are now used as “a new form of expression”， and one which can cross language barriers(障碍). “Emojis are popular among millennials,_who were born between late 1980s and early 2000s, because they welcome new technology and new things and they think emojis are ‘flexible(灵活的) and show meanings beautifully’”， president of Oxford Dictionaries told The Wall Street Joural.‎ Since millennials became the biggest part in the American workforce(劳动力), emojis have been more accepted in the workplace. For many people, the tiny pictures also show that the users are part of mainstream(主流) society. In the digital age, emojis are “how most people communicate and show their personality many times every day.”‎ But not everyone thinks the use of emojis is a good thing. Jonathan Jones of The Guardian said that the success of emojis is “a step back for humans”， hurting people's ability to use languages.‎ ‎“There are strict limits on what you can say with pictures—the written word is necessary to express your ideas and feelings to their highest level.” he said.‎ Do you feel or about emojis?‎ ‎(　　)1. What emoji is “Happy Birthday” according to the passage?‎ A. B. C. D. ‎ ‎(　　)2. Where were emojis invented?‎ A. In Japan. B. In China. ‎ C. In the UK. D. In the US.‎ ‎(　　)3. What does the underlined word “millennials” is the 3rd paragraph ‎ mean in Chinese?‎ A. 80后 B. 00后 ‎ C. 独生子女 D. 千禧一代 ‎(　　)4. Why are emojis popular among millennials?‎ A. Because emojis limit what they say with pictures.‎ B. Because they think emojis are a step back for humans.‎ C. Because 6 billion emojis are used in text messages every day.‎ D. Because young people are easily attracted by new technology and new things.‎ ‎(　　)5. The writer makes us learn about the emojis in Paragraph 2 by ________.‎ A. telling stories ‎ B. explaining the word “emojis”‎ C. listing numbers ‎ D. making comparisons(比较)‎ ‎ ‎ 专项训练十三 热点话题 参考答案 Passage 1【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了网络上一些流行词的不同含义。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当你非常同意某人的观点时，你可以说。根据第二段第一句“One of the most popular words is Dianzan, which is often used when you quite agree with someone.”可知当你非常同意某人的观点时，可以说“Dianzan”。故选C。‎ 2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：“任性”在英语中的意思是什么？根据第二段第三句“When you say somebody is Renxing, you mean that they will do whatever they like.”可知Renxing在英语中的意思是某人会做任何他/她喜欢做的事情。故选B。‎ 3. B【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：这篇文章中提到了多少种网络语言？根据短文第二段描述可知文中提到了“Dianzan”、“Renxing”、“Miaosha”和“Tuhao”这四种网络语言，故选B。‎ 4. A【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“purpose”的汉语意思是什么？根据“achieve达到，实现”可知此处指实现目标，故选A。‎ 5. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，下面哪一项是正确的？根据第二段第四、五句“The phrase Miaosha first came from online shopping, which means you can complete your shopping orders before others. But now it's widely used when you achieve your purpose in a very short time.”可知秒杀被赋予两种不同的意思。故选B。‎ Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了杭州市将从2016年9月4日开始举办为期两天的“20国集团”峰会。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从文章中，我们能了解到杭州是。根据第一段第一句“Hangzhou, the capital of East China's Zhejiang Province, is one of China's finest and most popular tourist places.”可知选项C符合题意。故选C。‎ 2. C【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：2016年在杭州举办的“20国集团”峰会将在什么时候结束？根据第一段最后一句“The city is ready to hold the twoday 2016 G20 Summit (“20国集团”峰会) from September 4.”可知峰会举办两天，将在9月5日结束。故选C。‎ 3. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，下面哪一项不正确？根据第二段第二句“The new hotels for Chinese and foreign leaders, as well as the rebuilding and improvement of some old streets, are almost finished.”可知是重建和改善一些老街，故选B。‎ 4. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：有多少工作人员和志愿者正在为峰会做准备？根据最后一段最后一句“More than 5，000 staff (工作人员) and volunteers are preparing for the summit.”可知选A。‎ 5. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇阅读材料最有可能来自哪里？本文主要介绍了杭州将从2016年9月4日开始举办为期两天的“20国集团”峰会，内容具有时效性，因此最有可能来自一份报纸。故选B。‎ Passage 3【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国实行二孩政策的一些好处。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：世界上哪个国家的人口最多？根据第一段第一句“China is a great country with the largest population in the world.”可知世界上人口最多的国家是中国。故选C。‎ 2. D【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线短语“carried out”在第一段的汉语意思是“”。根据划线单词所在的句意可知，为了解决人口问题，政府“实行”独生子女政策最符合。故选D。‎ 3. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们政府之前实行独生子女政策是为了。根据第一段第二句“In order to solve the population problem, our government carried out onechild policy(政策)before.”可知实行一孩政策是为了解决人口问题。故选A。‎ 4. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，下面哪项是不正确的？根据第二段倒数第四句“Usually, a young couple looking after an old couple is a little difficult.”可知一对年轻夫妇照顾一对老人有点困难，故B项错误。故选B。‎ 5. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章的主旨大意是什么？根据文章的内容，可知是在介绍二孩政策的各类好处，所以二孩政策被需要也很必要。故选A。‎ Passage 4【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了山东一个大学生张明手绘步骤教父母玩微信。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，张的父母不能用“WeChat guide”。根据第一段第二、三句可知可以用它来发短信、照相和视频聊天，没有抢红包。故选C。‎ 2. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么现在的孩子们懂得比他们的父母多？根据第四段第一句“The change of roles comes from the rapid development of society and technology...”可知，这种转变与科技有关。故选D。‎ 3. B【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第五段中划线单词“link”的意思是什么？根据下句“But when they teach their parents new technologies, parents can connect to the new world by themselves...”可知上句是说孩子们在他们的家人和新环境中起联系作用，故选B。‎ 4. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，下面哪项是错误的？根据第五段第一句话可知，根据CINIC，56.7%的网络使用者和67.2%的社交媒体使用者的年龄在30岁以下。故C项错误。‎ 5. B【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？根据文章的介绍可知主要是说孩子也可以教他们的父母新科技。故选B。‎ Passage 5【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了AlphaGo人工智能打败了韩国围棋高手李世石的事件，由此引发人们对人工智能的看法。‎ 1. A【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：在文章开头，提及AlphaGo和李世石之间的比赛主要是。文章开始提及AlphaGo和李世石进行围棋比赛，并赢得比赛，最后谈到了科学家对人工智能的看法和“我们”看好人工智能技术的未来，可知是为了让读者思考人工智能。故选A。 2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：比赛的结果是什么？根据第二段最后一句“And this time, it beat lee Sedol 41.”可知AlphaGo打败了李世石。故选C。‎ 3. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为“为什么多数人相信李会赢？”“因为。”根据第三段第一句“...because they didn't think that AI was good enough to beat the human mind.”可知选项D与之相符。故选D。‎ 4. B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：托马斯·约翰逊可能同意什么？根据最后一段中“What is hard is getting computers to use knowledge in everyday situation.”由此推知选项B与之相符。故选B。‎ Passage 6【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论现在存在的校园欺凌事件。文章针对此问题，给欺凌者和受害者提出几条建议。‎ 1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章，在世界上校园内正在发生什么？根据第一段第二句“In fact, bullying goes on in schools all over the world.”可知答案。故选B。‎ 2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在学校谁更容易被欺凌？根据第二段内容可知看起来“与众不同的”、“不聪明”、“不富有”或“害羞的”学生常常被欺凌。故选C。‎ 3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作为一名学生，你可以怎样阻止欺凌行为？根据第三段最后一句“When you're feeling stressed or angry, find acceptable ways to deal with your frustrations.”可知答案。故选D。‎ 4. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：学生怎样可以避免成为受害者？根据最后一段作者所给的六条建议可知选项C是正确的做法。故选C。‎ Passage 7【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了现如今人们在餐桌上的一种现象，即给食物拍照并晒到微博或微信上。‎ 1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从文章中，现如今在餐桌上经常发生的事情是什么？根据第一段的内容可知，我们在外面吃饭的时候喜欢拿出手机，并且给食物拍照，发到微博或微信上。故选D。‎ 2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下面哪一项可以被放在第三段▲处？根据第三段第二句“Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant.”可知食物对他们来说更不美味了，故选B。‎ 3. D【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：第四段主要讲了什么？根据第四段第一句“Besides the scientific result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals.”可知，该句是第四段的主旨句，故选D。‎ 4. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下面哪一项是作者的观点？根据第三段最后一句“So, why not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food in front of you？”可知作者是在倡导吃饭前不要拍照，应该享受美食。故选C。‎ 5. D【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：从文中我们可以学到什么？根据最后一段第二句“Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with people around you.”可知选D。‎ Passage 8【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了用于网络交流的表情符号。‎ 1. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，哪种表情符号表示“生日快乐”？从第一段第二句“For example, ‘Happy Birthday’ has become a cake with lit candles.”可知，生日快乐用一块点着蜡烛的蛋糕来表示。故选C。‎ 2. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：表情符号在什么地方发明的。从第二段第一句“Emojis have been warmly welcomed since they were invented in the 1990s in Japan.”可知，自20世纪90年代表情符号在日本发明以来，受到了热烈欢迎。故选A。‎ 1. D【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段划线单词“millennials”的汉语意思是什么？从第三段第二句“Emojis are popular among millennials, who were born between late 1980s and early 2000s...”可知，表情符号在20世纪80年代后期到21世纪早期的“millennials”中非常受欢迎，用排除法可知选D。millennials是一个国外术语“千禧一代”(1984－1995年出生)。故选D。4. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：为什么表情符号在千禧一代非常受欢迎？从第三段第二句“...because they welcome new technology and new things and they think emojis are ‘flexible(灵活的) and show meanings beautifully’．..”可知，因为千禧一代欢迎新技术、新事物，而且他们认为表情符号非常灵活，能完美的展示含义。故选D。‎ 5. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在第二段中作者通过的手法让我们了解了表情符号。本段通过列举表情符号在短信中使用的总数量、在英美国家使用的比例，以及发明的年份、大量流行的年份等说明表情符号的流行程度。这些都是与数字有关。故选C。‎ Passage 9【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了2016年5月1日加拿大麦克默里堡森林发生的大火，以及社会各界对灾区人民的救援。‎ 1. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：有多少人因为大火受伤？由第一段最后一句“While there have been very few people injured(伤害)by the large fire itself...”可知很少有人受伤。故选B。‎ 2. A【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：在这篇文章中，划线单词“donations”的意思是 。由第二段划线所在句子及常识可推知，人们通常向红十字集资和捐赠东西来救助灾区人民，因此“donations”意为“捐赠的东西”。故选A。‎ 3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：啤酒制造商拉巴特为麦克默里堡的人做了什么？由第三段的最后一句“Beermaker Labatt filled thousands of cans with water—instead of beer—and sent them to the people in Fort McMurray.” 可知他为麦克默里堡的人们送罐装的水。故选D。‎ 4. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：文章主要是关于什么的？通读文章可知主要介绍的是加拿大麦克默里堡森林大火。故选A。‎