中考英语简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题 9页

简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题 一、句子成份 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：‎ ‎ Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）‎ ‎ We often speak English in class.（代词）‎ ‎ One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）‎ ‎ To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）‎ ‎ Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）‎ ‎ The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）‎ ‎ When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）‎ ‎ It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） ‎ ‎2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 1)简单谓语： We study for the people. 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing..‎ ‎3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。‎ My sister is a nurse.‎ ‎ Is it yours?（代词）‎ ‎ The weather has turned cold.（形容词）‎ ‎ The speech is exciting.（分词）‎ ‎ Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）‎ ‎ His job is to teach English.（不定式）‎ ‎ His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）‎ ‎ The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）‎ ‎ Time is up. The class is over.（副词）‎ ‎ The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）‎ ‎ 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.‎ ‎ How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）‎ ‎ They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）‎ ‎ It began to rain.（不定式短语）‎ ‎ I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）‎ ‎ I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）‎ 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. ‎ 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monitor(班长).‎ ‎5、宾补: 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street ‎ His father named him Dongming.（名词）‎ They painted（涂漆） their boat white.（形容词）‎ Let the fresh（新鲜的） air in.（副词）‎ You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）‎ We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）‎ We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）‎ ‎6、定语: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is a new student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room/over there/ is mine.‎ ‎ Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）‎ ‎ China is a developing（发展中） country; America is a developed（发达） country.（分词） ‎ ‎ There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）‎ ‎ His progress（进步）in English made us surprised.（代词）‎ ‎ Our monitor（班长） is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）‎ ‎ He is reading an article(文章) about how to learn English.（介词短语）‎ ‎ 7、状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London. ‎ Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）‎ ‎ He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）‎ ‎ He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.（不定式短语）‎ ‎ He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）‎ ‎ Once（一旦0 you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）‎ ‎ 状语种类如下：‎ ‎ How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）‎ ‎ Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）‎ ‎ I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）‎ ‎ Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）‎ ‎ She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）‎ ‎ She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）‎ ‎ In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）‎ ‎ He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）‎ ‎ She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）‎ ‎ I am taller than he is.（比较状语）‎ 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：‎ ‎1. The students got on the school bus.‎ ‎2. He handed me the newspaper.‎ ‎3. I shall answer your question after class.‎ ‎4. His job is to train swimmers.‎ ‎5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.‎ ‎6. His wish is to become a scientist.‎ ‎7. Hewants to finish the work in time.‎ ‎8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.‎ ‎9. He found it important to master English.‎ ‎10. Do you have anything else to say?‎ ‎11. Would you please tell me your address?‎ ‎12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.‎ ‎13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.‎ ‎14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.‎ ‎15. The apples tasted sweet.‎ 简单句的五种基本句型 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 S十V十P主系表结构 主语 ＋ 连系动词 ＋表语 S十V十O主谓宾结构 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 ‎ 判断类型和句子成分：‎ She came． She likes English. She is happy．‎ The teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me. ‎ She gave John a book． My head aches.‎ She makes her mother angry． The sun was shining.  The moon rose.     ‎ They talked for half an hour.   他们谈了半个小时。‎ The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。 Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。 He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 His face turned red. 他的脸红了。‎ Who knows the answer?  谁知道答案？ He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。 I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。He bought you a dictionary. ‎ She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。 I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。 He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。 What  makes  him  think so? 他怎么会这样想？ The children are playing happily.   The Greens enjoy living in China. ‎ He became a famous doctor.  他成为了一名著名的医生。  ‎ The apple pie tastes really delicious.  苹果派吃起来真是好吃。 ‎ 基本句型一： S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise, 1). 学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________‎ 基本句型二:  S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)‎ A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。 8) We should __________ __________ any time.      我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。 9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________.‎ B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：‎ ‎10)  Spring comes. It is ______________________________. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。‎ ‎11)  Don't have the food. _______________________________.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。‎ 基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构 ‎13) 我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.‎ ‎16）They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。‎ 基本句型四: S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。 间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。  ‎ ‎18）Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday   present.   昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 19) The old man ___ ________ ____ __________ _________ in the Long March.(正在给孩子们讲故事)‎ 这种句型还可转换为： 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ for/ to sb.    20) Please show me your picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____.   请把你的画给我看一下。 I _______ _______the salt. = I _______the salt _____ _____.  我把书递给他。  ‎ 基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）, choose（选）, find（发现）, make, name, (命名)‎ ‎22）Keep ________________________________, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。 23）They  painted  ______ ______ ________. 他们把门漆成绿色。 We ‎ must ______ ______ ________ ______.  我们必须保持我们的学校洁。   He  asked  me  _____ ________ ________ soon. 他要我早点回来。‎ ‎24）我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。______________________________________________. 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：25）The boss ________ _______ _________ all day. (迫使他劳动) We  saw  _____  ____ _____. (他出去)。‎ 考点突破训练 ‎1、I am sorry to have kept you______‎ ‎ A to wait B wait C waited D waiting ‎2、 I felt somebody ______ me ‎ A touch B touched C to touch D touches ‎3、 He taught me _____ speak English ‎ A how should B how C how can I D how to ‎ ‎4、 I shall make your dream ______‎ ‎ A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true ‎5、 He told _____ home ‎ A us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go ‎ ‎6、 I think _____ a good habit to get up early ‎ A this B it C that D its ‎7、 Roses in bloom smell ______‎ ‎ A sweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness ‎ ( )1. The weather ____.‎ A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold ‎( ) 2. The apple tasted ____.‎ A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet ‎( ) 3. He got up ____ yesterday morning.‎ A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter ‎ ( )4. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.‎ A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we ‎ ( )5.I think _____necessary（必要的） to learn English well.‎ A. its B. it C. that D. that is ‎( ) 6. The dog ____ mad（疯的）.‎ A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：‎ ‎1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.‎ ‎2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.‎ ‎3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?‎ ‎4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.‎ ‎5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.‎ ‎6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.‎ ‎7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.‎ ‎8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?‎ ‎9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.‎ ‎10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.‎ 简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：‎ S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语 基本句型一： S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，这些动词常见的有：run, study, arrive, come, happen,等。如：‎ ‎1). 学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________‎ ‎2). 她跑得很快。 _______________________________________‎ ‎3). 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _____________________________________‎ 补充: 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。‎ 常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。例如：‎ ‎4). With the help of his families and neighbors, the farmer lives a happy life.‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________。‎ ‎5). I dreamed a terrible dream last night. __________________________________________。‎ ‎6). Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the Japanese many years ago.‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________。‎ ‎7). He died a glorious death. _____________________________________________________。‎ 基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：‎ A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等。如：‎ ‎8) We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持冷静。‎ ‎9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________.‎ B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等。如：‎ ‎10) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。‎ ‎11) Don't have the food. _______________________________.‎ 不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。‎ ‎12) The fact __________ ___________. 这个事实证明是正确的。‎ 基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是：名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如：‎ ‎13) 我昨天看了一部电影。________________________________________________.‎ ‎14) I never said I would come back.________________________________________。‎ ‎15）They finally decided to get along with us. _____________________________________。‎ ‎16）They have ________ ________ _________ of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。‎ ‎17）I don’t like watching too much TV.________________________________。‎ 基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构，O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如：‎ ‎18）Yesterday her father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday present.‎ 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。‎ ‎19) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.‎ ‎___________________________________________________。‎ 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：‎ A. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ for sb.；‎ B. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ to sb.。‎ ‎20) Please show me your picture.‎ ‎==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____. 请把你的画给我看一下。‎ ‎21) I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart.‎ ‎==I'll offer ____ _________ ____________ _______ ________ as long as you don't lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。‎ 基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾宾补结构 这种句型中的宾语＋ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”, 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：‎ ‎22）Keep ________________________________, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。‎ ‎23）他要我学好英语。________________________________________________________.‎ ‎24）他把书放在书架上。______________________________________________.‎ ‎25) 他把墙漆成白色。_______________________________________________.‎ ‎26) 我发现我的钱包被偷了。_________________________________________.‎ ‎27) 我们发现他是一个诚实的人。_____________________________________________.‎ 注意：动词have, make, let,后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to； 动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch等后可以加不带to的不定式或动名词做宾补，如：‎ ‎28）The boss made him do the work all day. ______________________________________。‎ ‎29）我听见有个女孩正在隔壁房间唱歌。_______________________________________.‎ 第2/4页 基本句型翻译练习 基本句型一: 主+系+表 ‎1. 当时他看起来不高兴。______________________________________________________‎ ‎2. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳和滑冰。______________________________________________‎ ‎3. 我擅长英语。______________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. 这食物吃起来挺可口的。____________________________________________________‎ ‎5. 这故事听起来很有趣。______________________________________________________‎ ‎6. 收到你的来信我很高兴。____________________________________________________ 基本句型二: 主+谓(不及物动词)‎ ‎1. 2011年至2013年我在广益中学学习。_________________________________________‎ ‎2. 今天上午，我们在校门口会面然后一起去了那里。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. 这几年我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. 小车没有停而是快速的开走了。_____________________________________________ 基本句型三: 主+谓(及物)+宾 ‎1. 去年在学校电脑竞赛中我获得了一等奖。_____________________________________‎ ‎2. 在业余时间我喜欢听流行音乐和收集邮票。___________________________________‎ ‎3.几天前我和我兄弟骑自行车去看电影。________________________________________‎ ‎4. 我们也在校园内和周围种上了许多树。_______________________________________‎ ‎5. 晚上时，我可以看电视新闻或看报纸。_______________________________________ 基本句型四: 主+谓(及物)+双宾（间宾+直宾）‎ ‎1. 去年王老师教我们英语。___________________________________________________‎ ‎2. 在我14岁生日时，爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. 昨晚我花了两小时才完成作业。_____________________________________________‎ ‎4. 对不起，能问你一个问题吗？_______________________________________________ 基本句型五: 主+谓(及物)+复合宾语（宾+宾补）‎ ‎1. 那时我正看到那些孩子在河边玩。__________________________________________‎ ‎2. 我们正在使我们的国家变得越来越美丽。____________________________________‎ ‎3. 当我到达教室时，我发现里边没有人。______________________________________‎ ‎4. 我注意到凯特整个早上都在图书馆里看书。__________________________________‎ ‎5. 父亲叫我给他带些报纸来。________________________________________________ 基本句型翻译综合练习：‎ ‎1. 那噪音太大，我无法继续学习。____________________________________________‎ ‎2. 得知你9月份要来我很高兴。______________________________________________‎ ‎3. 长沙是一个品尝新食物的好地方。__________________________________________‎ ‎4. 当那个人在过马路时，小车撞了他。________________________________________‎ ‎5. 我已决定明天下午3：30到机场接他。______________________________________‎ ‎6. 所有父母都希望看到他们孩子们的成功。____________________________________‎ ‎7.志愿者常给贫穷的孩子们提供很多学习用品。_______________________________________‎ 第3/4页 ‎1. He looked unhappy at that time.‎ ‎2. My favourite sports are swimming and skating.‎ ‎3. I am very good at English.‎ ‎4. The food tastes delicious.‎ ‎5. I was so pleased to hear from you.‎ ‎6. The story sounds very interesting.‎ ‎1. I studied in Guangyi Middle School from 2011 to 2013.‎ ‎2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.‎ ‎3. Great changes have taken place in our hometown these years.‎ ‎4. The car didn't stop but drove off at great speed/rapidly/quickly.‎ ‎1. Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition.‎ ‎2. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps.‎ ‎3. The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.‎ ‎4. We also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.‎ ‎5. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.‎ ‎1. Mr Wang taught us English last year.‎ ‎2. On my 14th birthday, Father bought me a new bike.‎ ‎3. It took me two hours to finish my homework last night.‎ ‎4. Excuse me, can I ask you a question?‎ ‎1. I saw the kids/children playing by the river at that time.‎ ‎2. We are making our country more and more beautiful.‎ ‎3. When I got to the classroom, I found nobody in.‎ ‎4. I noticed Kate reading in the library all the morning.‎ ‎5. Father asked/got me to bring him some newspapers.‎ ‎1. The noise was so loud that I couldn't go on studying.‎ ‎2. I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming in September.‎ ‎3.Changsha is a good place to try new food.‎ ‎4. The car hit the man while he was crossing the road.‎ ‎5. I have decided to meet him at the airport at 3:30 tomorrow afternoon.‎ ‎6. All parents hope to see their children’s success.‎ ‎7. Volunteers often offer poor children a lot of school things.‎