2018中考英语解题技巧完形填空 6页

完形填空解题技巧指导 完型填空就是给考生一篇语句连贯的短文，对考查归纳理解、综合思维等能力都是非常好的，有利于开发智力，把不完整的文章，通过自己的分析，变成完整的文章，这是对学生想像思维的训练。所以考生首先要正确对待这道题，解除心理障碍。‎ 考生一定要牢记四个步骤，反复训练，在短时间内有一个比较好的成绩。‎ 第一步就是通读全文，领会大意 ，‎ 第二步就是紧扣内容，分析对比备选答案，‎ 第三步就是瞻前顾后，全文贯通 ，‎ 第四步就是复查核对，决定取舍。‎ ‎1. 通读全文，领会大意 完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。所以在做题前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是绝不可省的一步。‎ 每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然承上启下，前呼后应，句与句之间 也一定紧密相连，形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。如果不影响答题，可以置之不理。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。如果与答题有关，可到第二步填空时再琢磨解决。另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。‎ 完形填空实际上是一种障碍性阅读理解题。因此，在解题之前，先要把文章通读一遍，弄清文章的体裁，文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主，如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果，对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。然后对留空的句子进行分析，看他在该句所处的位置和作用，再从所给的选项中找出要填写什么词。‎ ‎2. 紧扣内容，分析对比备选答案 完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。分析时应注意以下几点：‎ ‎(1) 当遇到一个需要填的词时，首先要考虑这个词在句子中的成分是什么？词性是什么？‎ ‎(2) 如果需要填的是名词，就要考虑名词的单复数和所有格形式。‎ ‎(3) 如果需要填的是形容词或副词，就应考虑是用原级或是比较级，还是最高级。   ‎ ‎(4) 如果需要填的是动词，则要考虑动词的时态，语态，人称变化，语气以及非谓语动词（不定式和动词-ing形式）的一般式，被动式和完成式等。‎ ‎(5) 如果需要填空的是介词，则要注意固定搭配的用法。‎ ‎(6) 如果需要填的是冠词，则要注意是用不定冠词还是用定冠词。‎ ‎(7) 另外要注意一些固定句型。‎ ‎3. 瞻前顾后，全文贯通 短文中每个空白处的正确答案和气上下文在意思上和结构上都有这样或那样的必然联系。一般说来，所选答案只有和上下文和结构上都吻合的时候，才是正确答案。因此，必须注意上下的参照，连贯思考。如果答案一时确定不下来，切记不要耽误太久，可暂放一边，待其他答案选好之后，再回过头来仔细推敲。‎ 试题所提供的短文可以说是一个整体，空白处所需要选的答案只是整体中的一部分。有时候，所选答案从局部看是可行的，但从整体看，不见的是最佳的答案。这时就要局部服从整体，从短文的整体内容出发，重新选择答案。对于那些拿不定主意或未能选答的空白，不要仅局限在与上下文的对照上，要把视野扩大到全文。有时一旦和整篇短文联系起来，就可豁然开朗，很容易选出正确答案。‎ ‎4. 复查核对，决定取舍 全部题目作完以后，要仔细考查核对。填完空白后，重读全文，这也是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时考生对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解，对文章的理解也就更进了一步，也就摸清了文章内在发展的逻辑关系。而如果在此时再读一遍文章，就有可能会发现一些其他原来没有注意到的问题，也就能够根据对语篇的理解及内在的联系，反复推敲，比较异同，从而选择一个更符合文章意义的答案，其方法是:把短文连同所选答案细读一遍，凡读起来别扭或答案无确切把握的地方分别记下来，然后将每个空白处与其相对应的四个答案逐一对照，务求一一过关，避免遗漏。若发现原所选答案与复查时所选答案不同，不要急于涂改，待认真斟酌核实后，再决定取舍。‎ 例1 【2011安徽】完形填空(共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。‎ Mr. Black loved his daughter Helen very much. Every day he spent all of his free time 51 with her. One night, he had much work to do, 52 couldn't play with his daughter. In order to keep her 53 , he found a map of the world in a magazine and cut it into pieces. When he 54 ,Helen came running to him and was ready to play. Mr. Black said he had 55 time to play fight now. He told the girl to put the pieces of paper back together to a map of the world, and then they could both play.‎ ‎ About half an hour later, Helen came to her father and said, "Okay, it's finished. Can we play now? " Mr. Black was surprised saying, "That's 56 Let's go and see. " And sure enough, there was the picture of the world; all put together, every ‎57 in its place.‎ ‎ Mr. Black said, "That's surprising! 58 did you do that?" Helen said, "It was 59 . On the back of the page was a picture of a 60 .When I put the man together, the whole world fell into place. "‎ ‎51. A. working B. running C. playing D. walking ‎52. A. or B. and C. but D. then ‎53. A. sleepy B. warm C. free D. busy ‎54. A. left home B. got home C. let the office D. got to the office ‎55. A. no B. enough C. much D. some ‎56. A. right B. wrong C. possible D. impossible ‎57. A. map B. picture C. piece D. page ‎58. A. How B. Why C. When D. Where ‎59. A. hard B. simple C. difficult D. different ‎60. A. boy B. girl C. man D. woman ‎【大意】本文讲的是一位疼爱女儿的爸爸，经常和女儿玩耍。有一天，很忙的他为了让女儿能自己玩，把撕碎的世界地图让女儿拼起来，女儿很快弄完。原来女儿看的是反面的人形。‎ 例二 Three small fish lived in the sea. When they were very young, their parents died. They had to 61 each other day after day. Finally, they grew up and 62 to swim deeper and further. One morning. the three fish were 63 to a shallow (浅) water by a big wave (浪). A small boat was taken there. too. It was hard for the fish to go back to the sea because the boat was fight in front of them. The largest fish realized that they were 64 and said they had to find a way to leave there as fast as possible. The second largest fish 65 with his elder brother, but the youngest one did not. He said that there was much 66 for their activities, so he would not worry at all and still swam around 67.At last, the largest fish returned to the 68 by jumping over the lowest part of the boat. The second largest fish also succeeded in 69 his eider brother in the other side of water. But the youngest one didn't follow them and still swam joyfully.‎ ‎ Two hours later, when the 70 rose up, the water in the small shallow corner dried up. The fish who did not try to return to the sea died of lack(缺乏)of water.‎ ‎61. A. listen to B. look after C. talk with D. worry about ‎62. A. dared B. hated C. refused D. stopped ‎63. A. allowed B. given C. invited D. taken ‎64. A. in safety B. in doubt C. in danger D. in peace ‎65. A. agreed B. talked C. compared D. discussed ‎66. A. time B. food C. water D. air ‎67. A. slowly B. sadly C. luckily D. happily ‎68. A. sea B. river C. lake D. pond ‎ ‎69. A. catching B. joining C. taking D. telling ‎70. A. storm B. stars C. moon D. sun ‎【主旨大意】本文讲了三条小鱼相依为命的长大，有一天，被带到了浅水处。最大的鱼意识到危险，便跳回深水。第二条随之回去。最小的鱼不以为然，最后死于缺水。提示人们要意识到潜在的危险。‎ ‎（3） Bob’s Travel Diary(旅游日记)‎ Tuesday, July 16th ‎ Today is rained ,so we went to a museum(博物馆).It was 36 boring. I found(发现) a small boy ‎37 in the corner. He was lost(迷路) and I helped him find 38 father. That 39 me feel very happy. I didn’t have 40 money for a taxi, so we walked back 41 the hotel. I was really tired.‎ Wednesday, July 17th ‎ Today the 42 was cool, so we decided to 43 tennis(网球).We played all morning. It was really fun. We had Sichuan 44 for dinner. 45 was delicious(美味可口的)!‎ ‎36. A. kind of B. with C. on ‎37. A. singing B. going C. crying ‎38. A. they B. his C. my ‎39. A. take B. made C. get ‎40. A. some B. no C. any ‎41. A. on B. to C. with ‎42. A. weather B. whether C. bus ‎43. A. go B. take C. play ‎44. A. bus B. car C. food ‎45. A. It B. He C.S he 主旨大意：本篇是日记，主要讲述了一天的所见、所闻、所做，主要考查了过去时的运用。‎ ‎（6） Farley worked for the Canadian government. One day, he was __1__ to learn more about wolves. Do wolves kill lots of caribou（北美驯鹿）? Do they kill people?‎ They gave him lots of food and clothes and guns. Then they put him on a plane and took him to __2__. The plane put him down and went away. There were no houses or people in this place. But there were lots of animals and lots of wolves. People tell terrible stories about wolves. They say wolves like to kill and eat people. Farley remembered these stories, and he was __3__. He had his gun with him__4_.Then one day, he saw a group of wolves. There was a mother wolf with four baby wolves. A father wolf and another young wolf lived with them.‎ Farley watched these wolves every day. The mother was a very __5__ mother. She gave milk to her babies. She gave them lessons about life. They learned how to __6__ food. The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf __7__ the children. They were a nice, happy family—wolf family! Farley did not need his __8__ any more. In a short time, he got on well with the family. Farley watched them for five months. He learned that many stories about the wolves were __9__. Wolves do not eat people, and they do not eat many large animals. And he also learned bad things about men. It was men who killed many caribou and wolves.‎ Later, Farley wrote a book about wolves. He wanted people to __10__ them and not to kill them.‎ ‎1. A. seen B. told C. heard D. found ‎ ‎2. A. a small town B. a big city C. a far place D. a lonely village ‎3. A. afraid B. happy C. angry D. tired ‎ ‎4. A. at times B. all the time C. once a week D. every afternoon ‎ ‎5. A. bad B. good C. hungry D. thirsty ‎6. A. cook B. make C. get D. pick ‎ ‎7. A. shouted at B. looked into C. laughed at D. played with ‎8. A. food B. clothes C. gun D. plane ‎9. A. not good B. not true C. not easy D. not clear ‎10. A. grow B. have C. teach D. understand 点评 狼历来被世人视为凶残的动物,事实是否的确如此呢？带着这一疑问，Farley进行了实地考察，在和狼进行了零距离的接触后, 改变了自己的观点。本文告诉我们要学会根据事实说话。‎ ‎（7） Many people think that Americans 1 their cars almost more than anything else. When 2__ people are fourteen years old, they want to have their __3_ cars. They don’t ask for a car from their 4__. So many of them work in _5_ time during their last year of high school to buy a car. Learning to 6 _ and getting a driver’s license may be one of the most exciting things in a young person’s life.‎ Some people almost 7 _ go to a doctor when they are ill. But they will __8_ their cars to a garage as soon as they think there is a 9 . On Saturdays or Sundays some people may 10 most of their time ‎ washing and repairing their cars.‎ ‎1. A. prefer B. love C. drive D. play ‎2. A. little B. big C. old D. young ‎3. A. new B. own C. expensive D. cheap ‎4. A, friends B. teachers C. parents D. brothers ‎5. A. free B. busy C. study D. good ‎6. A. make B. mend C. wash D. drive ‎7. A. always B. never C. often D. usually ‎8. A. take B. carry C. pull D. lift ‎9. A. question B. wrong C. mistake D. problem ‎ ‎10. A. cost B. get C. spend D. use 点评 本文介绍了美国人尤其是年轻人对于轿车的厚爱，并列举了一些事例加以说明。让人们看到了一个发达国家的富裕和人民生活的繁荣。‎ ‎（8） Who designed (设计) the first helicopter (直升飞机)? Who __1__ of the most famous pictures in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most __2__? There is an answer __3__ all these questions --- Leonardo de Vinci (达芬奇).‎ Leonardo may have been the greatest genius (天才) __4__ have ever known. He lived in Italy around the year 1500, but many of his inventions seem modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn’t __5__ a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say his idea would have worked. ‎ But Leonardo __6__ an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, he was called a master ( 大师) painter, and as he got older he became __7__ more famous. Sometimes he drew a hand ten different ways __8__ he was ready to paint.‎ Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with __9__ today. You may know one of his most famous works the __10__ woman known as the Mona Lisa.‎ ‎1. A. took B. made C. painted D. invented ‎2. A. artists B. doctors C. painters D. people ‎3. A. to B. of C. for D. from ‎4. A. the scientists B. the artists C. the world D. people ‎5. A. draw B. paint C. work D. build ‎6. A. was just B. wasn’t just C. wasn’t D. was no longer ‎7. A. less B. no C. even D. very ‎8. A. before B. after C. because D. when ‎9. A. him B. us C. them D. you ‎10. A. interesting B. crying C. smiling D. surprising 点评 本文介绍了堪称世界上最伟大的天才——达•芬奇在发明、艺术等方面为人类所作的巨大贡献，文章层次分明，通俗易懂。‎ ‎（9） Once, a king showed two men a large basket in the garden. He told them to fill it with water from a well. After they __1__ their work, he left them, saying, “When the sun is down, I will come and see your work.”‎ At last one of them said, “What’s the use of doing this foolish work? We can __2__ fill the basket.” __3__ man answered, “That is none of your business.” The first man said. “You may do as you like, but I am not going to work at __4__ so foolish.” He __5__ his bucket and went away. The other man said no word, and kept on carrying __6__. At last the well was almost __7__.‎ As he poured the last bucket of water into the basket, he saw a bright thing in it. He picked it up. It was a beautiful gold ring. Just then the king came. __8__ he saw the ring, he knew that he had found the kind of man he wanted. He told him to keep the ring for himself. “You __9__ so well in this little thing,” he said, “ __10__ now I know I can believe you with many things.”‎ ‎1. A. finished B. did C. began D. had ‎2. A. ever B. never C. easily D. no ‎3. A. The other B. Another C. One D. A second ‎4. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything ‎5. A. picked up B. put away C. took away D. threw away ‎6. A. water B. basket C. well D. work ‎7. A. full B. empty C. filled D. clean ‎8. A. While B. As soon as C. Before D. Since ‎9. A. have done B. will do C. do D. are doing ‎10. A. what B. why C. when D. that 点评 本文讲述了一个国王为了考验两个人，让他们往篮子里打水，忠诚的人不遗余力地往空篮子里打水，直到国王归来。结果不仅获得了一枚金戒指，而且得到了国王的信任。‎ ‎（10） Food is very important. Everyone needs to __1__ well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is __2__. We begin to get knowledge even __3__ we are very young. Small children are __4__ in everything around them. They learn __5__ while they are watching and listening. When they are getting older, they begin to __6__ story books, science books…, anything they like. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and __7__ to find out answers. What is the best __8__ to get knowledge? If we learn by ourselves, we will get __9__ knowledge. If we are __10__ getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. When we study in the right way, we will learn more and understand better.‎ ‎1. A. sleep B. read C. drink D. eat ‎2. A. sport B. exercise C. knowledge D. meat ‎3. A. until B. when C. after D. so ‎4. A. interested B. interesting C. weak D. better ‎5. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything ‎6. A. lend B. read C. learn D. write ‎7. A. try B. have C. refuse D. wait ‎8. A. place B. school C. way D. road ‎9. A. little B. few C. many D. the most ‎10. A. often B. always C. usually D. something ‎ 点评 本文说明了知识的重要性，介绍了一个人学习知识的过程以及获取知识的最佳途径，是一篇可读性较强的文章。‎ ‎（11） Someone says, “Time is money.” But I think time is __1__ important than money. Why? Because when money is spent, we can get it back. However, when time is 2 it’ll never 3 . That’s 4 we mustn’t waste time.‎ ‎ It goes without saying that the 5 is usually limited. Even a second is very important. We should make full use of our time to do 6__ useful.‎ ‎ But it is a pity that there are a lot of people who do not know the importance of time. They spent their limited time smoking, drinking and __7 . They do not know that wasting time means wasting part of their own __8 .‎ ‎ In a word, we should save time. We shouldn’t 9 today’s work for tomorrow. Remember we have no time to 10 .‎ ‎1. A. much B. less C. much less D. even more ‎2. A. cost B. bought C. gone D. finished ‎3. A. return B. carry C. take D. bring ‎4. A. what B. that C. because D. why ‎5. A. money B. time C. day D. food ‎6. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything ‎7. A. reading B. writing C. playing D. working ‎8. A. time B. food C. money D. life ‎9. A. stop B. leave C. let D. give ‎10. A. lose B. save C. spend D. take 点评 文章讲述了时间的重要性。金钱用完了可以再来，但时间却是一去不复返。告诫我们要珍惜时间，不能虚度年华。‎ ‎（12） Nasreddin was a poor man, so he tried to grow __1__ he could in his own garden, so that he would not have to buy so many in the market.‎ One evening he heard a noise in his garden and looked out of the window. A white ox had got into the garden and __2__ his vegetables. Nasreddin at once took his stick, ran out and chased the ox, but he was too old to catch it. When he got back to his garden, he found that the ox had ruined most of his precious vegetables.__3__, while he __4__ in the street near his house, he saw a cart with two white oxen which looked very much like the one that __5__ his vegetables. He was carrying his stick with him, __6__ he at once began to beat the two oxen with it. As neither of them looked more like the ox that had eaten his vegetables than the other, he beat both of them equally hard.‎ The owner of the ox and cart was drinking coffee in a __7__ coffee-house. When he saw __8__ Nasreddin was doing __9__ his animals, he ran out and shouted, “What are you doing? What have those poor animals done to you for you to beat them like that?”‎ ‎“You keep out this!” Nasreddin shouted back, “This is a matter between me and one of these two oxen. He knows very well __10__ I am beating him!”‎ ‎1. A. so many vegetables B. many vegetables ‎ C. as many as vegetables D. as many vegetables as ‎2. A. was eating B. ate C. had eaten D. has eaten ‎3. A. Next day B. Next morning C. Last morning D. The next morning ‎4. A. walks B. waked C. was walking D. walking ‎5. A. ruined B. had eaten C. ate D. had ruin ‎6. A. so B. and C. but D. or ‎7. A. beside B. nearby C. near D. near by ‎8. A. that B. which C. why D. what ‎9. A. for B. to C. with D. on ‎10.A. reason B. when C. why D. because 点评 这是一个笑话，贫农Nasreddin在街上碰到两头牛，搞不清是哪一头毁坏了他家的菜园，于是用棒子将两头牛一起抽打，牛主人制止时，他却强词夺理，无理取闹。‎