中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略 2页

中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略 ‎　 ‎ 动词不定式历来是中考英语命题的热点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为"（not）to+动词原形"。‎ 考点攻略一：动词不定式作主语 1） 动词不定式直接用在主语位置：To see you is always a pleasure.‎ 2） 如果主语较长，则可以用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。‎ ① It is +形容词+(of sb.) to do sth. 此处常用careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, wrong, wise等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质。‎ It’s brave of you to jump into the river to save the boy!  ‎ ② It is +名词或形容词+ (for sb.)to do sth. 此处常用necessary, hard,  difficult, easy, important, impossible等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式的动作或行为的性质。‎ It is our duty to keep our classroom clean. It is important for us to protect the environment.‎ ③It takes sb. some time to do sth. ‎ It usually takes us about two and a half hours to travel from Shanghai to Japan.‎ 考点攻略二：动词不定式作宾语 ‎ 其后常接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, choose, decide, expect, plan, promise, manage, hope, wish, want, seem, refuse, fail等。‎ I didn’t expect to see you here.‎ 在某些复合宾语中，动词有find, consider, think, make, feel,常先用it代替不定式，作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。 I find it impossible to finish the task on time.‎ 考点攻略三：动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾补，即“动词+宾语+（not）to do sth.”，接不定式作宾补的常见动词有： advise, allow, ask, cause, expect, beg, encourage, get, help, invite, teach, order, remind, tell, want, wish, warn等。‎ My parents always tell me not to be late for school. ‎ 考点攻略四：动词不定式作表语 不定式作表语一般位于系动词之后，表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作；若主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, wish等名词，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。‎ It is said that they are to visit China next month. My wish is to become a scientist like Einstein.‎ 考点攻略五：动词不定式作定语（常用于名词之后）。 由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语， Tom is always the first student to arrive at school. 注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的词之间有动宾关系时，此不定式后要加相应的介词。 We haven’t decided which hotel to stay at. I need a pen to write with.‎ 考点攻略六：动词不定式作目的状语。如：‎ To keep fit, students are advised to do morning exercises. so as to (不可用于句首使用)，in order to也可以引导目的状语。‎ I walked slowly on the icy road in order not to fall down.  ‎ 考点攻略七：动词不定式与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。如：The problem is how to get there on time.‎ 注：当主句谓语动词know，tell，forget，remember，learn，explain等后接疑问词（连接代词/副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从句可转换成“疑问词（连接代词/副词）+不定式（短语）”形式。 　　We don’t know what we should do next. = We don’t know what to do next. ‎ 考点攻略八：动词不定式to 的省略情况 ‎1)、在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等,但在被动结构中，to不可省略。 The teacher makes me rewrite the composition. ‎ ‎2)、在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, cannot help,等。 I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train. ‎ ‎3)、在why not结构中，其后的动词不定式to要省略。如：Why not send those books back?‎ 自我测试 I. Choose the best answer.‎ ‎1. You had better ______ because you have to drive back home.‎ A) not drinking B) not drink C) don’t drink D) not to drink ‎2. I can’t tell you what she said. I’ve promised ______ it a secret. ‎ ‎ A) keep B) to keep C) keeping D) kept ‎ ‎3. Doctors warned people stay outdoors for a long time in foggy weather.‎ A) not B) don’t C) to not D) not to ‎ ‎4. ------I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? ‎ ‎------I haven’t decided where ________. ‎ A) go     B) went    C) going  D) to go ‎ ‎5.  The boy is often heard      in the music room. He sings very well. ‎ ‎    A) practise singing     B) to practise singing     C) practised singing  D) practise to sing II. Rewrite the following sentences as required.‎ ‎6. The girl didn't know where she could find her mother. (改成简单句） ‎ ‎ The girl didn't know where_______ _______ her mother.‎ ‎7. The man is so energetic that he can be our leader. (改为简单句)   ‎ The man is energetic __________ __________ be our leader.‎ ‎8. You should memorize your password. It’s very important. (合并为一句) It’s very important for you ________ your password.‎ 答案与解析：‎ ‎1.答案为B。had better后接动词原形，否定形式在had better后加not。‎ ‎2.答案为B。promise to do sth.答应或许诺做某事。‎ ‎3.答案为D。warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事。‎ ‎4.答案为D。此处考查的是疑问词（连接代词/副词）+不定式（短语）形式的用法。‎ ‎5.答案为B。make, hear, see等词在被动结构中要加to。‎ ‎6.答案为to find。宾语从句可转换成“疑问词（连接代词/副词）+不定式（短语）”形式。‎ ‎7.答案为enough to。so…that…结构可以与enough to 同义转换。‎ ‎8.答案为to memorize。It is +名词或形容词+ (for sb.)to do sth为固定表达结构。‎