2018河南中考专项复习之宾从定从状从精讲精练无答案 13页

‎【基础知识巩固】‎ 一、定义：‎ 宾语：指一个动作（动词）的接受者，常置于动词之后，也有双宾语结构例句：he gave me a book，类似拥有me和book两个宾语的句子叫双宾语从句），在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子就叫做宾语从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序和时态。‎ 一、引导词 ‎1．从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。‎ ‎2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。‎ ‎3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等疑问代词、疑问副词作引导词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他。‎ ‎ 从句的引导词有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。‎ 二、判断时态情况 ‎1．主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态。‎ ‎2．主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态。 注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。‎ ‎3．关系代词：that，who，whom,whose,which 三、宾语从句的用法 ‎1．that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：‎ ‎①．介词宾语从句的that不能省略。‎ ‎②． and连接的两个从句，两个从句的that不能省略。‎ He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.‎ ‎③．在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。‎ I heard it said that he had gone abroad We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time ‎ 2. Whether,if 引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：‎ ‎①．whether从句中有or not ‎②．whether从句做介词宾语 Everything depends on whether you agree with us ‎3．许多带复合宾语的句子，宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it做形式宾语。结构是：‎ 主语 + 动词 + it + 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 + 宾语从句 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.‎ ‎①．宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。‎ False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.‎ Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.‎ ‎②. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。‎ Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.‎ Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.‎ ‎③. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。‎ Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.‎ Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.‎ ‎④. 主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。‎ False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.‎ Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.‎ ‎【典型例题讲解】‎ ‎( )34. —Could you tell me________? (2019年中招)‎ ‎—She is a student in Eton School. ‎ A. where Kate is studying        B. how Kate studies ‎ C. why Kate was studying        D. when Kate studied ‎ ‎(     )39．Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows——．(2019年中招)‎ ‎ A．where they have been    B．where are they     C．where are they from D．where they have gone ‎ ‎(  ) 40. —Could you please tell me  ? (2019年中招)‎ ‎—Bus No. 32 will take you right there. ‎ ‎ A. where is Henan Museum  B. what Henan Museum is lik ‎ C. how can I get to Henan Museum  D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum ‎ ‎( )34.—May I come in?I’m sorry I am late.(2019年中招)‎ ‎—Come in,please.But could you please tell me________?‎ A.why you are late again C.who you talked with B.what were you doing then D.how do you come to school ‎( )35 Some of my friends are interested in science，but none of them can tell (2019年中招) ‎ ‎ A when UFOs will appear next time B why do horses know the way ‎ C where was this kind of plant found D how do elephants communicate ‎( ) 35. I didn’t see Laura at the party last night. Do you know _______?(2019年中招) ‎ ‎ A. why didn’t she come B. what happened ‎ C. when would she arrive D. where she has been ‎( )35.My pen pal from America is coming to visit me. I’m thinking about_____.(2019年中招) ‎ ‎ A:what present did give her ‎ ‎ B:how I will give her a surprise ‎ C: where will we have a big meal ‎ D:whether I planned a trip for her ‎( ) 35. ---Miss Lee, I didn’t catch what you said. Could you tell me ______ again?(2019年中招) ‎ ‎ ---OK.‎ ‎ A. what should we take B. where shall we meet ‎ C. when we would start D. how we will get there ‎（ )35. —Hi, Tony! Do you know ?(2019年中招)‎ ‎ —Yes, there is a coffee shop at the corner of the street.‎ ‎ A. when I can a cup of coffee B. when can I get a cup of coffee ‎ C. where I can get a cup of coffee D. where can I get a cup of coffee ‎( ) 35.--What did Tom say to you just now, John?(2019年中考)‎ ‎ --He asked _____________ .‎ ‎ A. why I am so happy today ‎ B. what will I do for the weekend ‎ C. Who did I play football with after school[来源:学_科_网]‎ ‎ D. if I could go to the movie with him tonight 定语从句：‎ 一、定义：‎ 定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，所以叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它需要放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。‎ 二、分类：‎ 限定性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整，例如I met some one who said he knows you.‎ 非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如The house,which I bought has a lovely garden.　我买的房子带着个漂亮的花园。‎ 三、 引导词：‎ 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。‎ ‎ 1、who, whom, that ‎ 限定性定语从句中的关系代词 ‎　‎ 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that whom/that(可省略)‎ whose 指物 which/that which/that(可省略)‎ whose 指人和物 that that whose 非限定性定语从句中的关系代词 ‎　‎ 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who whom whose/of whom which which whose/of which 指物 特殊情况：‎ ‎ 只能用that的情况，‎ 先行词为everything，all，little，much等不定代词时；‎ 先行词被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修饰时；‎ 先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时；‎ 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；‎ 先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时；‎ 先行词有人又有物时；‎ 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。‎ ‎ 不能用that的情况 介词前置时；‎ 非限定性定语从句中 先行词本身是that ‎ 多用who，不用that的情况 先行词为anyone，one，ones时；‎ 先行词为those，he和people时；‎ who在定语从句中指人，作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略；做及物动词或介词的宾语，可省略。‎ ‎2,which，that 用来指物（有六种情况只可用that而不用which）‎ ‎(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略），例如：‎ which在定语从句中指物，可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语，作宾语时可省略；that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时可省略，指人时，相当于who或whom，指物时，相当于which，作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that前，当介词提前时，需要用which或whom来代替。‎ ‎3、whose (只用作定语)‎ ‎“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）‎ 例：A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.双亲都死了的孩子叫做孤儿。（“whose parents”表示那个孩子的双亲）‎ 关系副词：关系副词在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on which（介词同先行词搭配） when=during/ on/ in/……‎ ‎1. “where”是关系副词，当然也不用“that”引导。‎ By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 当你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。‎ ‎2.当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用“there is”开头。‎ There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话。‎ 分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。‎ ‎1、why 关系副词why主要用于修饰表原因的名词（主要是the reason），同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语。如：‎ We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。‎ 与关系副词when和where不同，why可以换成that或省略。‎ That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一。‎ 另外，与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不一样，why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句。如：‎ 他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。‎ 误：The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.‎ 正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.(同位语从句)‎ ‎2、when 关系副词when主要用于修饰表时间的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语。如：‎ There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了。‎ 注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词，就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作时间状语，就用when；如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用when，而要用that, which等。如：‎ Don’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。‎ 关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语，正因为是用作宾语，所以也可以省略。‎ ‎3、where 关系副词where主要用于修饰表地点的名词，同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语。如：‎ This is the village where he was born. 这就是他出生的村子。‎ 与前面when的情况一样，注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词，就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句，同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语，就用where；如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。如：‎ He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。‎ ‎【典型例题讲解】‎ ‎(      )25．一Do you know Hong Zhanhui? （2019中招）‎ ‎          一Yes．He’s the college student has moved Chinese people a lot．‎ ‎ A. who     B．which     C．what  D．whom ‎ ‎(  ) 37. —Barbara, where do you work? （2019中招）‎ ‎—I work for a company  sells cars. ‎ A. ‎ which  B. where  C. what  D. who ‎ ‎( )33.Shaolin Temple________lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.（2019中招）‎ A.where B.which C.who D.what ‎（ ）31.It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people have helped me.（2009中招）‎ A. who B. what C. which D. Where ‎( )33 Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and ‎ encourage you to succeed.（2019中招）‎ ‎ A which B what C whom D who ‎( ) 32. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion ______ you had with your dad yesterday.（2019中招）‎ ‎ A. what B. which C. when D. Who ‎( )33. Success will belong to those ______never say “impossible”.（2019中招）‎ ‎ A. whom B. what C. who D. Which ‎( ) 32. A friend is someone ______ says, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”（2019中招）‎ ‎ A. who B. which C. what D. Whose ‎( )30. “Underground” is the only word in the English language _____ begins and ends with the ‎ letters “und”.(2019中招）‎ A. what  B. that  C. Who D. whom ‎( ) 28. —Why don’t you like fishing?(2019中招）‎ ‎ —Fishing a hobby needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all.‎ ‎ A.who B. that C. it D. what ‎( ) 32. Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience ‎ people cannot get at home. (2019中招）‎ ‎ A. that B. who C. whom D. what ‎（ ）33.I hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night. (2019中招）‎ A. that B. who C. whom D. what 命题点三：状语从句 类别 引导词 例句 时间状语从句 when/while/as 当... ...时；since 自从（... ...到现在）；until/till 直到... ...才；as soon as 一... ...就... ...‎ I was doing my homework when he comes in.当他进来的时候我正在写作业。‎ 条件状语从句 if 如果；as long as 只要；unless除非 We’ll go to see you if we are free.‎ 如果我们不忙，我们就去看你。‎ 原因状语从句 because因为；since既然；as 由于 ‎ Since everyone is here, let’s begin the meeting.既然大家都在这，让我们开会吧。 ‎ 目的状语从句 so that 以便，为了；in order to 为了 Please speak slowly so that we can follow you.请说慢点以便我们能跟上你。‎ 结果状语从句 so... that/such ...that...如此......以至于......‎ We got up so late that we missed the early bus.‎ 我们起床太晚了以至于错过了早班车。‎ 让步状语从句 although/though 尽管；even if 即使；whatever无论什么；wherever无论哪里；whenever无论何时 The air is around us, though we can’t see it.空气在我们周围，尽管我们看不到。‎ 比较状语从句 than比；as...as...和......一样；not so/as...as... 不如......‎ It was much better than I’d expected.‎ 这比我期望的好多了。‎ 方式状语从句 as像，如；as if好像 We did as the teacher told us.‎ 我们按照老师说的做了。‎ 地点状语从句 where哪里；wherever 无论哪里 Where there is a will, there is a way.‎ 有志者，事竟成。‎ 特别提醒：英语中有些时间和条件状语必须遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句为一般将来时态，它所引导的状语从句使用一般现在时表达将来的意味，这时主句和从句所表达的时态在意义上仍然保持一致。‎ 常见的使用“主将从现”原则的连词有：表示时间的when, while, after, before, until, till, whenever, as soon as, as long as, once等；表示条件的if, unless, so long as, in case等。‎ ‎【典型例题讲解】‎ ‎1. ——Excuse me, do you know___________?‎ ‎——About five minutes’ walk.‎ A. where the hospital is B. how far the hospital is C. how I can get to the hospital ‎2. I like the writers ___________are popular among teenagers.‎ A. who 　 B. which 　 C. whom[来源:1]‎ ‎3. - In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.‎ ‎- And another example is F‎2F______ stands for face to face.‎ A. that B. who C. whom D. it ‎4. - So, can you tell me ______ here today?‎ ‎- Well, I was walking down Centre Street when a UFO landed.‎ A. what did you see B. what you saw C. when did you see it D. when you saw ‎5. Her mother didn’t tell her _______ then.‎ A. where is the MH370 flight B. where the MH370 flight is [来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ C. where was the MH370 flight D. where the MH370 flight was ‎6. Do you know the man_______ saved five people in the fire?‎ ‎ A. who B. it C. when D. whom ‎ ‎7.—Do you know________?‎ ‎ —This afternoon.‎ A. when will the policenman give us a talk B. where will the policeman give us a talk C. when the policenman give us a talk D. where the policeman will give us a talk ‎8. —Miss Lin ,could you tell me _________about the local education ?[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎---I think WWW. fzedu. gov. CNN will be helpful . ‎ A. how can I find information B. what information can I get C. Where I ‎ can get the news [来源:1ZXXK]‎ ‎9. Yesterday was my birthday. My friend sent me a CD is made by Han Geng.‎ A. who B. what C. which D. whom ‎10. "What kind of music do you like, Rosa?" "I love music ______ is quiet and gentle.”‎ A. that B. who C. where ‎11. ---Could you tell me _________?[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]‎ ‎ ---You can take the No. 1 bus. ‎ ‎ A. how can we get to Xingyi Airport B. how we can get to ‎Xingyi‎ ‎Airport ‎ C. how do we get to Xingyi Airport D. how we got to Xingyi Airport ‎12.—Do you know _________ the meeting?‎ ‎ —Tomorrow morning. [来源:1]‎ A. when they had B. when they are going to have C. when did they have D. when are they going to have ‎13. I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder ______. ‎ A. where you buy the tickets B. why you like to go there ‎ C. if you’d like to come along D. when you watch the match ‎ ‎14.—Excuse, can you tell me ____?‎ ‎—Sorry, I don’t. You can go to the information desk.‎ A. that there is a train B. when the train goes C. which train can I take D. where does the train go.‎ ‎15. — Can you tell me ____________?‎ ‎ — In three days. [来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎ A. when will they go to the Science Museum ‎ B. how long they have been in New York ‎ C. how soon they will go to see the children left at home ‎ D. what time will they attend the meeting ‎16. — Where is the School English Speech Contest going to be held tonight?‎ ‎ — I’m not sure. Is it in the hall _____ can hold 300 people?‎ ‎ A. where B. what C. that D. when ‎17.—Could you please tell me ________?‎ ‎ —Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it.‎ ‎ A. where is Mount‎ ‎Wudang ‎ B. how can I get to ‎Wulong‎ ‎River ‎ C. what is Shenlongjia famous for ‎ ‎ D. if there will be a new airport in Shiyan ‎18. I didn’t know ______.‎ A. when would the train arrive B. where could I get the book C. what has been done D. who left the message ‎19. – David, could you tell me _________?‎ ‎ -- Every four years.‎ ‎ A. when the 2019 World Cup will finish ‎ B. how often the World Cup takes place ‎ C. how many teams take part in the World Cup ‎ D. who may score the most goals in the World Cup ‎20. - Could you tell me ________? ‎ ‎ - In August, 2019.[来源:学*科*网]‎ ‎ A. where will the Youth Olympic Games take place ‎ B. when will the Youth Olympic Games take place ‎ C. where the Youth Olympic Games will take place ‎ D. when the Youth Olympic Games will take place ‎21. When some Chinese women were dancing to loud music in a park in New York, he people ‎ lived nearby called the police.‎ A. who B. whom C. whose D. which ‎22. –Excuse me, could you tell me ？‎ ‎-- Go along this street until you see some buildings with golden roofs. ‎ A. how I can go to Tianning‎ ‎Temple (天宁寺) ‎ B. how often you go to Tianning‎ ‎Temple [来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ C. how soon you will go to Tianning‎ ‎Temple ‎ D. how many times you have been to ‎Tianning‎ ‎Temple ‎23.－Could you tell me ______ ? ‎ ‎－At 9:20 tomorrow morning.[来源:Z+xx+k.Com]‎ A. what time you arrived B. who you are coming with C. when will you be here D. what time you are arriving ‎ ‎24.—Do you know _______ the Capital Museum? —Next Friday.‎ A. when will they visit B. when they will visit C. when did they visit D. when they visited ‎25.—Which is your new neighbour, Liu Hua? —The man _______ T-shirt is red.‎ A. that B. who C. which D. whose ‎26.—Mum, summer holiday is coming. I wonder .‎ ‎ —How about Qinling Wild Zoo？‎ ‎ A. where can we go B. where we can go ‎ C. how we can go D. how we can go ‎ ‎27. —What kind of movies do you like? —I like movies ________ scary monsters.‎ A. which has B. that have C. what has D. why have ‎28. --- Could you tell me_____ yuanxiao in china?‎ ‎ --- Usually at Lantern Festival.‎ A. when do people eat B. how do people eat ‎ C. when people eat D. how people ear ‎29. I will never forget the day____ we spent in the old town with small houses.‎ A. who B. whom C. that D. what ‎30.It’s hard to believe____ the way out of the forest without the help of the local guide.‎ A. what they were able to find B. what were they able to find C. how they were able to find D. how were they able to find