中考英语被动语态考点归纳与例析 6页

中考英语被动语态考点归纳与例析 ‎【重点讲解】‎ 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be ＋ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：‎ He wrote the letter. （主动语态）‎ The letter was written by him. （被动语态）‎ 被动语态的时态变化只变be的形式，be后面的过去分词不变，也就是说被动结构中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。‎ 考点归纳：‎ ‎1、四种基本时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时）和带情态动词的被动语态用法。‎ ‎　带情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+ be +过去分词”构成。例如：‎ ‎　Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. ‎ ‎2、含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的用法。‎ 英语中有一些动词可以接双宾语，如 tell, show, buy, ask, pass, write, do, make, sell, send, sing, give, answer, teach, offer, pay, promise, allow等，变为被动语态时，如果指物的宾语作主语，指人的宾语前要用介词for或to。例如：‎ My uncle bought me a new bicycle. →‎ A new bicycle was bought for me by my uncle.‎ I was bought a new bicycle by my uncle.‎ ‎3、含复合宾语的主动语态变被动语态的用法。‎ ‎　若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为使役动词和感官动词，如make, let, feel, hear, help, make, observe, see, notice, watch, listen to, look at等。例如：‎ The teacher made me go out of the classroom. →‎ I was made to go out of the classroom by the teacher.‎ We saw him play football on the playground. →‎ He was seen to play football on the playground.‎ ‎4、不能用于被动语态的情况。‎ 连系动词没有被动语态，但有些连系动词表示的是被动的意思，例如：I like this silk dress and it feels so soft and comfortable. （不可以用is felt）。类似的连系动词还有look, smell, taste, sound, appear 等。‎ 还有一些常见的不及物动词，如occur, happen, fall, go, take place等，也是没有被动语态的，例如：Great changes have happened in our country in the past twenty years. （不可以用have been happened）。‎ 另外，一些习惯说法，如 “自行车好骑”、“钢笔好写”、“布料好洗”、“书好卖”、“小刀好切”等等，往往不用被动语态，因为这时ride, write, wash, sell, cut等用作不及物动词。例如：‎ I like my new bike. It rides very well. （不可以用is ridden）‎ ‎【习题精炼】‎ ‎1. Stamps _______ by people for sending letters.‎ ‎ A. use B. using C. used D. are used ‎2. Many people believe that one day the earth _______ if we don’t know how to protect it.‎ ‎ A. destroys B. will destroy C. will be destroyed D. is destroyed ‎3. A new bicycle was bought _______ me as a birthday present by my mother.‎ ‎ A. for B. with C. to D. /‎ ‎4. A neighbor helped to keep our dog. It _______ while we were on holiday.‎ ‎ A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of ‎5. Bikes mustn’t _______ everywhere.‎ ‎ A. be put B. be putted C. put D. putting ‎6. --- Please remember to say “I’m here” when your name _______, will you? ‎ ‎ --- Yes, sir.‎ ‎ A. has called B. is calling C. will call D. is called ‎ ‎7. --- Did you go to Jim’s birthday party? ‎ ‎ --- No, I _______.‎ ‎ A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited ‎ C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite ‎8. English _______ in many countries, but Chinese _______ their own language．‎ ‎　A. is spoken, speaks B. speaks, is spoken ‎　C. is spoken, speak 　 D. is spoken, is spoken ‎9. The man who lived alone on that island thought he _______ never _______.‎ ‎ A. will; find B. would; be found C. is; found D. had; been found ‎10. Today, too many trees are still _______ in the world.‎ ‎ A. cutting down B. cut down C. being cut down ‎ ‎【中考链接】‎ ‎11. --- Do you still remember the snow storm last winter? ‎ ‎--- Sure. _______ people _______ from going home during that time.‎ ‎ A. One hundred, stopped B. Ten hundreds of, were stopped ‎ C. Hundreds, stopped D. Hundreds of, were stopped ‎ ‎12. --- This dish tastes _______. ‎ ‎ --- Thank you. It _______ by Mr. Smith. ‎ ‎ A. good, was cooked B. well, cooks ‎ C. bad, is cooked D. terrible, cooked ‎13. --- Germany will be _______ popular with visitors this year. ‎ ‎ --- Why?‎ ‎ --- Because the 2006 World Cup Soccer _______ there. ‎ ‎ A. more; is hold B. much, is held C. more, is held D. much, is hold ‎14. --- Henry, you _______ on the phone. ‎ ‎ --- Oh, _______. Thank you. ‎ ‎ A. are wanted, I come B. are wanted, I’m coming ‎ C. are being wanted; I come D. are wanting, I’m coming ‎ ‎15. We are going to have the final exams tomorrow. All the books must _______ out of the classrooms. ‎ ‎  A. are moved   B. be moved    C. be move      D. are move ‎16. We are glad that the Shenzhen Underground _______ very soon. ‎ ‎ A. will complete B. will be completed C. has completed D. has been completed ‎17. The young man was often seen _______ by the lake． ‎ A. to draw B. to drawing C. draw D. drew ‎ ‎18. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular．It _______ in many schools around the world． ‎ A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. is taught ‎ ‎19. As usual, Meihua _______ at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.‎ ‎ A. has woken up B. woke up ‎ C. wakes up D. was woken up ‎ ‎20. I’m sorry you can’t go in now. The room _______ yet. ‎ ‎ A. hasn’t been cleaned B. hasn’t cleaned ‎ C. isn’t been cleaned D. isn’t being cleaned ‎ ‎【答案详解】‎ ‎1. 答案：D。【解析】本句应该用被动语态表达，因为邮票是被人们用来发信的。‎ ‎2. 答案：C。【解析】根据句意可知，从句的主语 the earth是动词destroy的承受者，所以从句应用被动语态，而且发生时间是将来，故答案选C。‎ ‎3. 答案：A。 【解析】英语中有一些动词可以接双宾语，如 tell, show, buy, ask, pass, write, do, make, sell, send, sing, give, answer, teach, offer, pay, promise, allow, award等，变为被动语态时，如果指物的宾语作主语，指人的宾语前要根据句子的意思用介词for或to。‎ ‎4. 答案：D。【解析】在被动语态中短语动词中的介词不能省略，所以排除A，根据句末while引导的从句的时态判断，要用一般过去时，故选D。‎ ‎5. 答案：A。【解析】这里考查情态动词的被动语态，其结构为“情态动词 + be + 过去分词”。Put的过去分词与原形相同，所以排除B，选A。‎ ‎6. 答案：D。【解析】name与call之间存在动宾关系，名字是被呼叫的，故答案选D。‎ ‎7. 答案：B。【解析】“没有被邀请”发生在过去，故答案选B。‎ ‎8. 答案：C。【解析】英语是被讲的，所以用被动态表达，句中的Chinese表示“中国人”，而不是“汉语”。“中国人讲自己的语言”应用主动语态，故选C。‎ ‎9. 答案：B。【解析】住在孤岛上的人应该是被人找到，所以用被动语态。主句的谓语是thought，所以从句要用过去将来时态，故选B。若用D，则 不符合逻辑。‎ ‎10. 答案：C。【解析】根据句意这里应用现在进行时的被动语态，即：主语 + is / am / are + being + 过去分词，cut的过去分词形式依然是cut。‎ ‎11. 答案：D。【解析】词组stop/prevent/keep sb. from doing sth.表示 “妨碍/阻止某人做某事”，本句被妨碍的对象作主语，所以要用被动语态，先可排除答案A和C。hundreds / thousands / millions of +复数可数名词，表示模糊的，夸张的数量，短语前面不可用具体数字，故选D。‎ ‎12. 答案：A。【解析】本题是考查被动语态，从语境来看，应该是菜肴烹制很好，主人感谢对方的赞美之词，先排除C、D答案，taste是感官动词，后接形容词作表语，虽然well有时也可以作形容词，但意思是“（身体）好”，本句不可用，故选A。‎ ‎13. 答案：C。【解析】“世界杯”被举行，要用被动语态is held，注意held是hold的过去分词, “德国将更有名”， popular为多音节形容词，其比较级是在原级前加more, 故答案选C。‎ ‎14. 答案：B。【解析】句中you和want是被动关系，“You are wanted on the phone”的意思是“你在电话里被人叫了”即“有人打电话找你”。像come, go, leave, move, fly等表示位置移动的动词，在口语中多用进行时表示即将发生的动作。所以选B。‎ ‎15. 答案：B。【解析】情态动词后接“be+过去分词”构成被动语态。故选B。‎ ‎16. 答案：B。【解析】 一般将来时的被动语态形式，即“will + be +过去分词”。故选B。‎ ‎17. 答案：A。【解析】如果将这个句子改为主语语态，则为：People often saw the young man draw by the lake. 在主动语态中，感官动词（see, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel）和使役动词（make, have）后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要去掉。但在被动语态中，to要保留，所以选A。‎ ‎18. 答案：D。【解析】句中主语It指Chinese（汉语），它和谓语teach（教）的关系是被动关系，因此选D。‎ ‎19. 答案：D。【解析】“Meihua”是被她妈妈叫醒的，所以要用被动语态，选D。如果句中没有“by her mother”，则B也是正确答案。‎ ‎20. 答案：A。【解析】由yet一词可知要用现在完成时，而room与clean之间存在着动宾关系，room是被打扫干净的，要用被动语态，故选A。‎