人教中考英语专题复习介词 7页

九年级英语下专题复习5介词教案 ‎【教学目标】‎ 要求学生掌握常用介词的用法。‎ ‎【教学重点难点】‎ ‎1. 表示时间的介词; 2. 表示方位和运动方向的介词；‎ ‎3. 常用介词用法辨析; 4. 介词与其它词类的搭配；‎ ‎1)形容词与介词的搭配; 2)动词与介词的搭配; 3)名词与介词的搭配。‎ ‎【知识梳理】‎ 一、考查简单介词的用法 ‎[知识链接] ‎ 分类 例词 表示时间 in, at, on, between, since, for, during, until, till, by, from, to, by, before, past 表示方位 in, at, on, around, before, in front of, between, behind, beside, near, under, above, below, ,next to, among 表示往返的方向 to, towards, round, around, though, across, from…to, into, out of, off, along 其他 by, to, like, unlike, of, except, about, against, with, but, as, without ‎（一）时间介词 ‎1．at、in、on表示时间的区别 ‎ ‎(1)at表示具体的时间点，常用于表示钟点及某些词组中。如:‎ ‎ at Christmas(在圣诞节)； at six o’clock(在6点钟)；‎ ‎ at night(在晚上)； at the end of(在……结束时)；‎ ‎ at the age of(在……岁时)； at last(最终，最后)。‎ ‎(2)in还可以表示从现在算起到若干时间以后，意为“在……时间后”，用于一般将来时或过去将来时态。‎ 如:Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes?‎ ‎ 你能在5分钟内画一匹好看的马吗?‎ ‎(3)on用于表示确定的时间，具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等。如:‎ on December 1st，1994 (在1994年12月1日)；on Teachers’ Day (在教师节)‎ on Monday morning (在星期一上午)；on a cold morning (在一个寒冷的早晨)；‎ on the night of October 22nd (在10月22日晚上)；on Christmas Day (在圣诞节)。‎ 注意:在以this，that，next，last，tomorrow，yesterday等开始的表示时间的单词或词组前不用介词。如:I will go to Beijing next week.下周我将去北京。‎ ‎2.for，since，from表示时间的区别 ‎(1)“for+一段时间”意为“已经多长时间了”，强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间，可与过去、现在、将来等多种时态连用，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。‎ 如: She has worked there for four years.她已经在那里工作4年了。‎ ‎(2)since用作介词时，意为“自从，自……以后 ‎”，指从某一时间一直延续至今，后接时间点，通常与完成时连用。‎ 如:The factory has been there since spring 1989.那家工厂自1989年春就在那里了。‎ 注意:since还可以用作连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句。‎ 如:Great changes have taken place since he left.自从他离开以后，这里发生了巨大的变化。‎ ‎(3)from(from...to...)表示开始的时间，意为“从……”(“从……到……”)，谓语可用过去、现在或将来时态。如:‎ Students go to school from Monday to Friday. 学生们周一至周五上学。‎ ‎3.to，past，pass表时间的区别 ‎(1)to介词，大于30分钟时，表示“差”。如:ten to seven (6:50)‎ ‎(2)past介词，小于30分钟时，表示“过”。 如:ten past six (6:10)‎ ‎(3)pass动词，表示“经过，过去”。如:He passed by me.他从我身边经过。‎ ‎4.其余表示时间的介词 ‎(1)after指时间“在……以后”，后面接时间点或时间段均可。接时间段时，多和过去时连用；接时间点时，多和将来时连用。如:‎ He came back after a few days.几天后他回来了。 ‎ I’ll call you after 4:30.四点半以后我给你打电话。‎ ‎(2)till/until表示“到……为止，直到……之时，直至”，在肯定句中要用延续性动词。如:‎ You’d better stay in bed till tomorrow.你最好在床上待到明天。 ‎ I shall wait until ten o’clock.我将等到10点钟。‎ 在否定句中，not...until...意为“直到……才……”，是连词，用来引导一个时间状语从句，谓语动词用短暂性动词。如:‎ I didn’t go to bed until eleven last night.昨天晚上直到11点钟我才睡觉。‎ ‎(3)by 表示“不迟于”(not later than)，常与完成时连用。如:by then到那时，by now到目前为止。‎ They had seen four English films by the end of last night.到昨天晚上为止他们已经看过四部英语电影。‎ ‎(4)before指时间“在……以前”，后面一般接时间点。如:‎ I will get to Australia before Friday.我将于星期五之前到达澳大利亚。‎ ‎(5)during表示“在……期间”，强调“自始至终”。如:‎ During those three months，he asked a lot of questions.在那三个月期间，他问了许多问题。‎ ‎（二）方式介词 ‎1.by，in，on表交通方式 用by时，交通工具前不用任何限定词；用on或in时，交通工具前用限定词。如:‎ Jenny goes to school by bike.詹妮骑自行车去上学。(by bike=on a bike)‎ Mr. Green goes to work by car.格林先生开车去上班。(by car=in a car)‎ ‎2.by，in，with表示手段或工具 ‎(1)with后跟具体的工具。如:I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔做作业。‎ ‎(2)in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料，语言、材料前不加冠词。如:‎ Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说吗?‎ ‎(3)by表示用某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词，若后接动词，需将动词变为动名词形式。如:‎ This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工做的。 ‎ He makes a living by teaching.他靠教书为生。‎ ‎（三）地点介词 ‎1.in，at与on ‎(1)in表示地点，意为“在……内”，用于内部。如:‎ He put his hands in his pockets.他把手放进口袋。‎ ‎(2)on意为“在……上面”，用于表面接触，指在一个平面上。如: ‎ There was a carpet on the floor. 地板上铺着一块地毯。‎ ‎(3)表示“在某地”时，at后接小地方，in后接大地方。如:‎ ‎ When did you arrive at the station? 你什么时候到车站的? ‎ ‎ He was born in Wuhan.他出生在武汉。‎ ‎(4)at还有“在……旁边”之意，如:‎ ‎ at the table在桌子旁边 ‎2.above与below above的意思是“在……之上” “高于……”，与物体表面不接触，表示相对高度，不一定是在正上方，它的反义词是below。如: ‎ The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上面飞行。 ‎ The Dead Sea is below sea level.死海的海面低于海平线。‎ ‎3.over与under over的意思是“在……之上”， 与物体表面不接触，表示垂直之上，其反义词是under。如:‎ There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。 ‎ There is a boat under the bridge.桥下有一艘船。‎ ‎4.by，beside与near ‎(1)by表示“在……旁边”，较near更近。如:My house is by the river.我的家在河边。‎ ‎(2)beside表示“近旁”、“紧靠”，相当于next to。如:‎ Come and sit beside me.来坐在我的身旁。‎ ‎ (3)near意为“在……附近”，可以表示空间、时间关系等。如: ‎ He sits near the window.他坐在窗户附近。‎ ‎5.after与behind ‎(1)after表示位置关系，意为“在……的后面”。‎ 如:Your name comes after mine in the list.名单上，你的名字列于我之后。‎ ‎(2)behind表示位置，意为“在……后面”。如:‎ The boy was hiding behind a tree.那个男孩躲在一棵树后。‎ ‎6.through, across, cross穿过 ‎(1)through介词，纵穿(从空间穿过)。如:‎ The soldiers went through the forest.那些士兵穿过树林离开了。‎ ‎(2)across介词，横穿(横过某个平面)。‎ 如:He is walking across the street.他正在横过马路。‎ ‎(3)cross动词，横穿(横过某个平面)。‎ 如:He is crossing the street. 他正在横过马路。‎ ‎7.among, between 在……之间 among在(三者或三者以上)之间；‎ between在(两者)之间。常用词组: between...and，如: ‎ The man who is standing among the students is Lily’s father.‎ 站在学生中间的是莉莉的父亲。‎ I will be back between five and six.我将在5到6点之间回来。‎ ‎8.in，on，to in表示在范围之内(属于该范围)；on表示与某一地区接壤；to表示隔海相望。‎ 如:Guangdong is in the south of China. (广东属于中国。)‎ Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. (广东不属于湖南，但与湖南是毗邻关系。)‎ Japan is to the east of China. (日本不属于中国，而且隔海相望。)‎ ‎9.outside与inside outside意为“在……的外边”；inside意为“在……的里边，在……之内”。如:‎ A woman is waiting outside the office.一位妇女正在办公室门外等候。‎ Don’t let the dog come inside the house.不要让狗进入房子里。‎ ‎10.in front of与in the front of in front of表示“在……之前”(范围外)；in the front of表示“在……的前部(范围内)”。‎ 如:There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有一些树。‎ Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.我们的老师经常坐在教室的前面。‎ ‎ [品味中考]‎ ‎【考例1】—When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?‎ ‎—____July 1st，1997．[福州市]‎ A． On B In C. At D. For [答案A]‎ ‎【考例2】I’d like a cup of coffee __________some sugar and milk. [广东省]‎ A. in B. to C. of D. with [答案D]‎ ‎【考例3】—Oh, so many people in the amusement park!‎ ‎— Nobody likes to stay at home _________ Sunday morning. [太原市]‎ A. in B. on C. at [答案B]‎ 二、考查介词之间的辨析 ‎[知识链接] ‎ ‎【考例1】The moon light is coming in _________ the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful. [成都市]‎ A. across B. through C. over [答案B]‎ ‎【考例2】Be careful when you come _______ the street, because the traffic is very busy at the moment. （山东济宁）‎ ‎ A. across   B. behind   C. between   D. over [答案A]‎ ‎【考例3】—Look, a blind man is in the middle of the street, It’s too dangerous.‎ ‎—Let’s go and help him _________the road. [河南省]‎ A. through B. along C. cross D. over ‎ ‎[答案C]‎ 三、考查成语介词与介词固定搭配 ‎[知识链接]‎ ‎1.介词+动词的常见搭配 listen to听 laugh at嘲笑 get to到达 look for寻找 get on／off上车／下车 wait for等待 hear from收到……的来信 ‎ worry about担心 think of想起，认为 look after照顾 spend...on花费agree with同意 do with处置 depend on依靠 talk about谈论 turn on／off打开／关掉 turn up／down调大／调小 regard...as把……当作 pay for付款 knock at敲 ask for请求，向……要 ‎2.介词与形容词的常见搭配 be fond of喜欢 be ready for为……做好准备 be kind to对……亲切 be sure about确信 be busy with忙于 be late for迟到 be afraid of害怕 be good at擅长于 be full of装满 ‎3.介词+名词的常见搭配 by bike／bus／train骑自行车/乘公共汽车／乘火车 on foot步行 with／without one’s help在有／没有某人的帮助下 on time准时 on one’s way to在某人去……的路上 to one’s surprise使某人惊奇的是 at the end of在……尽头，末尾 at the foot of在……的脚下 ‎[品味中考]‎ ‎【考例1】You must always be careful _______ electricity．It’s dangerous．[沈阳市]‎ A． to B at C for D．with [答案D]‎ ‎【考例2】Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the English exam ______ a light heart. Good luck to every-one! [哈尔滨市]‎ A. on B. with C. without [答案B]‎ ‎【考例3】Mary bought a house ________a small garden. She will move in next week. [昆明市]‎ A. from B. with C. for D. of [答案B]‎ ‎【考例4】‎ ‎——I hear you have got a ticket ___________the 0pening Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics．‎ ‎——Yes．I got it __________my uncle．[黄冈市]‎ A． of；from B to．by C to；from D．for；to [答案C]‎ ‎【考例5】It was a great day but We did not enjoy it____ the beginning．[苏州]‎ A．on B．for C．with D．at [答案D]‎ ‎【考例6】It is important ____us students to make a plan ____our studies before a new term starts．[连云港)‎ A．for；for B．of：for C．to；of D．with：on [答案A]‎ ‎【考例7】It’s necessary for us to take one hour’s exercise every day. I agree _________you. [吉林省]‎ A. at B. to C. on D. with [答案D]‎ ‎【考例8】——How are you going to the Summer Palace?‎ ‎——We’re going there _____________bike．[北京市]‎ A. for B. at C. of D．by [答案D]‎ ‎【考例9】This ____woman has devoted all her life____ caring for the poor．[ 连云港]‎ A. modest；with B. kind; to C. selfish；for D. unfair；at [答案B]‎ ‎【板书设计】‎ ‎【教后反思】‎