中考 状语从句专题讲解加配套练习 18页

第四讲 状语从句 l 知识要点列举 要点一、状语从句概述 状语主要是用来修饰动词和形容词的，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果等。状语从句即指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。‎ 要点二、状语从句的分类 按照其意义不同一般可分为九大类，分别是：‎ ‎ 1、时间状语从句 ‎ 2、原因状语从句 ‎ 3、目的状语从句 ‎ 4、结果状语从句 ‎ 5、条件状语从句 ‎ 6、让步状语从句 ‎ 7、地点状语从句 ‎ 8、比较状语从句 ‎ 9、方式状语从句 ‎ 初中阶段主要掌握前面1到6种状语从句。‎ 要点三、状语从句的分类讲解 1、 时间状语从句 ‎ 用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。‎ 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until 　　‎ 如：　I didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. 　　‎ While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. 　　‎ 知识拓展 ‎（一）由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句的区别用法 ‎▲when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。‎ 如：①When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)‎ ‎　 ②When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. ‎ ‎ 当我的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）‎ ‎ ③We were about to leave when he came in. ‎ ‎ 我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。（就在那时）‎ ‎▲While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。‎ 如：①While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. ‎ ‎(was reading是延续性的动词，并且was reading和was watching同时发生)‎ ‎　 ②I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）▲ As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。‎ 如 ：①We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）‎ ‎②As we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时，开始下雪了。‎ ‎（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）‎ ‎（二）由before和after引导的时间状语从句的区别用法 ‎▲ before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。‎ 如：It will be four days before they come back. ‎ 他们要过四天才能回来。‎ Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.‎ 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。‎ My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.‎ 我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。‎ They had not been married four months before they were divorced. ‎ 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。‎ ‎▲after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。‎ 如：After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.‎ 你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。‎ ‎　 After we had finished the work, we went home. ‎ 完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）‎ ‎（三）till或until引导的时间状语从句的区别 till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。‎ 但要注意的是：①如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；‎ ‎②如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。‎ ‎③till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。‎ 如：I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.‎ 直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。‎ It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.‎ 直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。‎ ‎　I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。‎ ‎　 I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。‎ ‎　 Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。‎ ‎（四）since引导的时间状语从句的用法 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。‎ 如：I have been in Beijing since you left. ‎ 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。‎ Where have you been since I last saw you? ‎ 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？‎ It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.‎ ‎ 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。‎ It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.‎ 我们老板离开北京有五个月了。‎ ‎（五）在时间状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时或祈使句表示将来的意义时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。‎ 如：I’ll let him know as soon as she comes. ‎ ‎ 她一来，我就会让你知道。‎ ‎ Jane didn’t go to work until she finished her homework. ‎ ‎ 简直到完成作业才睡觉。 ‎ 1、 原因状语从句 用表示原因的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是原因状语从句。‎ 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as,for引导。‎ 如：He didn't come to school because he was ill. As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.‎ 知识拓展 ‎①because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。‎ ‎②as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。‎ ‎③for有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，对前一分句加以解释或推断。‎ 如：---Why aren't you going there? ---Because I don’t want to. As he has no car, he can’t get there easily. Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.‎ 2、 目的状语从句 用表示目的的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是目的状语从句。‎ 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。‎ 如：I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去约鱼。 ‎ Take your raincoat in case it rains (should rain). 带上雨衣以防下雨。‎ He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习是为了能通过考试。‎ 知识拓展 ‎ ‎ so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：‎ ‎①目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。‎ ‎ ②从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。 如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)‎ ‎4.结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that，such…that等。‎ 如：He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他气得话都说不出来。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力太大，玻璃都震破了。‎ ‎【注】： ‎ so…that和such...that可以互换。 ▲在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。如： The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. ▲在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。‎ 如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.. He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。‎ 如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.‎ ‎▲如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。‎ 如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.‎ ‎▲so...that...句型的否定形式可用简单句too...to...或not...enough to代替。‎ 如：He is so young that he can’t go to school.‎ ‎ 他太小了，不能上学。‎ ‎ ＝He is too young to go to school.‎ ‎＝He is not old enough to go to school.‎ ‎5、条件状语从句 ‎①引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless，as [so] long as等。‎ 如：Don't come unless I telephone.‎ ‎ 除非我打电话，否则你别来。 If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. ‎ 如果你仔细看，你会看出该怎样做。‎ ‎②在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态（主将从现）。‎ 如：I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.‎ He won’t be late unless he is ill.‎ ‎ ③“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句（一般将来时）” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。‎ 如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.‎ ‎=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.‎ Study hard and you will pass the exam.‎ ‎=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.‎ ‎6.让步状语从句 ‎①引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, even though，even if（即使），‎ 如：The speech is good, though it could be better. 这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。 He went out even though it was raining. 尽管下着雨，他还是出去了。‎ ‎②连词while有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。‎ 如：While we don't agree with each other, we continue to be friends. ‎ 尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。 ③whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever等引导让步状语从句。‎ 如：Don't lose heart whatever you do. ‎ 不管你做什么，都不要灰心。 Whoever you are, you can't pass this way. ‎ 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。‎ ‎【注意】：表示“虽然”的though，although不可与but连用，但可与yet，still连用。‎ ‎④as也可引导让步状语从句，但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前，若提前的是单数可数名词，要省略a或an。‎ 如：Teacher as he is, he can't know everything. 虽然是老师，他也不可能什么都懂。 ‎ l 例题精析 ‎1.You will stay healthy _______ you do more exercise, such as running and walking. A. if B. how C. before D. where 答案：A。‎ 思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。 2. ---Shall we go on working? ---Yes, _______ I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though 答案：D。‎ 思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。 3.None of us knew what had happened _______ they told us about it. A. when B. until C. after D. though 答案：B。‎ 思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“not…until” 这一句型。 4.---I hope you’ll enjoy your trip, dear! ---Thank you, mum. I’ll give you a call _________ I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. till 答案：B。‎ 思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用as soon as。‎ ‎5. Scientists say it may be a few years ____it is possible to test the new medicine on patients. (2010，无锡)‎ ‎ 　A.because B.after C.before D.since 答案：C。‎ 思路分析：该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。根据题意可知从句的事情发生在主句之前。故选before。‎ ‎ 6. We will have no water to drink _______we don't protect the earth. (2010，上海)‎ ‎ 　 A.until B.before C.though D.if 答案：D。‎ 思路分析：从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选D。‎ ‎ 7. -Could we play football in your playground,Sir? （2010，扬州）‎ ‎　　-No,_______you have the principal's note.‎ ‎ 　　 A.if B.unless C.because D.since 答案：B。‎ 思路分析：从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，句子意思是“除非你有校长的指示”。‎ ‎8. —You bought the car about ten years ago? (2011，黄岗)‎ ‎ —Yes. ______ it’s old, it still runs well.‎ ‎ A. Because B. Since C. Although D. But　‎ 答案：C 思路分析：本题考查让步状语从句。根据句意“尽管旧了，但它运转很好。” because因为，since既然，although尽管，but但是。故选C。‎ ‎9. —Will you please give the dictionary to Jane?‎ ‎ —Sure, I’ll give it to her _____ she arrives here. (2011，天津)‎ ‎ A. before B. until C. because D. as soon as 答案：D 思路分析：本题考查时间状语从句。句意“她一到这儿，我就会给她”。before 在……之前，不符合逻辑；until直到，不能与短暂性动词(give)连用；because因为，不符合逻辑；as soon as 一……就，符合句意。故选D。 ‎ ‎10. —What was your brother doing at this time yesterday? (2011，滨州)‎ ‎ —He was reading a magazine _______ I was writing an ‎ email at home.‎ A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while 答案：D 思路分析：本题考查时间状语从句。表示“当……时”，连接两个同时进行的动作，用while。故选D。‎ ‎11. The book was written in ___ easy English ___ even primary school students could understand it . (2011，镇江)‎ ‎ A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; that 答案：B 思路分析：本题考查结果状语从句。D本身为错误项，故排除；C项中to后接动词原形，排除；A项中so后接形容词，排除； such＋名词短语＋that从句表“如此……以至于……”。故选B。 ‎ l 课堂巩固练习 A组 根据中文意思完成下列英语句子 1. 不管他跟我开什麽玩笑，我都不生气。 I am not angry with him, _______ _______ ______ jokes he ______ on me. 2. 布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当做母亲。 Mrs Bruce was _______ kind to her students ______ they ______ her _____ their mother. 3. 只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance _____ _____ ______ we try our best. 4. 你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？ Will you please call me ______ ______ ______ you get to Shanghai. 5. 这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。 The seven-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______ ______ ______ she has kept practicing for two years. 6. 虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。 _______ _______ ______ _______, she kept on learning English by ‎ herself. 7. 他长大后相当一名记者。 He wants to be a journalist ______ _______ _______ _______. 8. 无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。 _______ _______ windy or rainy, our teacher is always the first to get to school. 9. 如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。 ______ ______ ______ _____ _______ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 10. 李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。 Li Ming didn't come to school _______ _______ ______ ______.‎ Key： 1. no matter what; plays 2.so; that; regarded; as 3. as long as 4. as long as ‎ ‎5. so much that 6. Though she was busy 7. when he grows up 8.Whether it’s ‎ ‎9. If everyone makes a contribution 10. because he was ill B组 单项选择：‎ ‎( )1. _____ we gave him something to eat, he would save it up for his little sister.‎ A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D. Whichever ‎( )2. Hard-working though he was, _____ there was never enough money to pay the bills.‎ ‎ A. / B. And C. but D. therefore ‎( )3. Much hard ______ he tried，he flailed to catch up with the first runner.‎ ‎ A. although B. As C. while D. when ‎ ( )4. I got in touch with Charles ______ I received his letter.‎ ‎ A. when immediately B. Soon C. immediately D. suddenly ‎( ) 5. We were just _____ calling you up _____ you came in.‎ ‎ A. about; when B. on the point of; while ‎ C. on the point of; when D. on the point of; as ‎ ( )6. Most of his great novels and plays were not published or known to the public ____ his tragic (悲剧) death in 1786.‎ ‎ A. even before B. ever since C. until after D. until before ‎ ( )7. Mr. Saddam Hussein had to go with the American soldiers, ______ .‎ ‎ A. no matter he likes or not B. no matter he should like it or not ‎ 　 C. no matter whether he likes or not D. no matter he may like it or not ‎( ) 8. _____ , I have to put it away and focus (集中)my attention on study this week.‎ ‎ A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is ‎ C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing ‎( ) 9. Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, ____ they hunt them for food.‎ A. if B. While C. unless D. as ‎ ( )10. ______ he thought he was helping us with the work, he was actually in the way.‎ ‎ A. Although　 B. Unless C. Because　　 D. When ‎ ( )11. Babies sleep l6 to l8 hours in every 24 hours, and they sleep less ______ they grow older.‎ ‎ A. while B. as C. when D. after ‎ ( )12. I have been keeping the portrait _____ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my childhood in Paris.‎ ‎ A. since B. Where C. as D. if ‎ ( )13. ________ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.‎ ‎ A. Having checked B. Check 　C. If you check D. To check ‎ ( )14. I would never speak to someone like that _____ they said something unpleasant to me.‎ ‎ A. even if B. so that　 C. as if D. ever since ‎ ( )15. －Did you remember to return the book to our English teacher?‎ ‎－Yes. I gave it to him ________ I saw him.‎ ‎ A. once B. while C. if D. the moment ‎ ( )16. A warning news report from Qatar announces that a group of Islam will continue to kill Americans wherever they are ________ they leave the Arab world forever.‎ ‎ A. even though B. in case 　 C. whenever D. until ‎( ) 17. —May I go now?‎ ‎ 　 — ______ you've finished your work, you may go.‎ ‎ 　 A. After B. Although C. Now that D. As soon as ‎ ( )18. " ______ I live there are plenty of sheep." said the boy ______ pride.‎ ‎ A. Where; with B. When; in C. That; in D. Why; with ‎ ( )19. He seemed to have been asleep, so I said nothing, but sat _____ he would see me _____ waking.‎ ‎ A. whether; when B. that；when C. which；where D. where；when ‎ ( )20. It will be five years ______ we meet again.‎ ‎　 A. since B. Until C. before D. when ‎ ( )21. Never lose heart ______ difficulty you may meet with.‎ ‎ A. what B. whatever C. how D. however ‎( ) 22. ______ we are allowed ______ , we can’t drink any beer.‎ ‎ 　 A. As long as; to do B. If; to C. Unless; to D. On condition that; doing so ‎( )23. You can still find bones of the birds ______ they used to live.‎ ‎ A. in which B. in the place C. where D. that ‎( )24. How can they learn anything ______ they spend all their spare time watching TV?‎ ‎ A. where B. when C. while D. but ‎( )25. _____ I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.‎ ‎ A. While B. If C. As D. Unless 答案与思路分析：‎ ‎ 1. A. 因为gave后面已经有表示物的直接宾语了，排除代词A、C、和D。however意为“无论如何”；whenever意为“每当…”，根据句意，只有选C，意义才通。‎ ‎ 2. A. 因为前面已经连词though了，所以不再需要连词了。Hard-working though he was=Although he was hard-working。‎ ‎ 3. B. 因为as引导让步状语从句，要求将从句的表语或状语等放到句首。而although, while表示让步时，都用正常语序；另外，though引导的让步状语从句，其表语或状语等可提前也可不提前。‎ ‎ 4. C. 因为immediately, instantly, directly和the moment, the instant, the minute等都可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as。‎ ‎ 5. C. 因为表示“正要做某事时，突然又发生另一件事”的句型是：was /were just about to do sth. when…did…或was /were just on the point of doing sth. when…did…‎ ‎ 6. C. 因为not…until…“直到…才…”，再接before语意上不通，要用after。‎ ‎ 7. C. 因为no matter后一定要接疑问词或whether。‎ ‎ 8. C. 引导状语从句时no matter how=however，其后接形容词或副词，只有C正确。‎ ‎ 9. C. unless“除非、如果不”。句意是：大多数动物与其它不同种类的动物都没有什么联系，除非是把它们猎为食物。‎ ‎ 10. A. 句意是：虽然他认为他在帮我们做工，但事实上他是在挡事。‎ ‎ 11. B. 表示主、从句的谓语动词同时变化的“随着…”只能用as。‎ ‎ 12. B. 因为keep the portrait (把照片放在…)后面一定是指所放的“地方”了，所以用where (在…的地方) 引导一个地点状语从句。‎ ‎ 13. C. 因为非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，mistakes不能check，排除A和D；若用B，则前后是两个句子，又无连词，排除B。‎ ‎ 14. A. 只有先A，前后意义才通：even if即使、纵然；so that为了、以便；as if. 好象；ever since从(那时)到现在。‎ ‎ 15. D. 因为the moment可作连词，与as soon as相当。‎ ‎ 16. D. until (直到…)与肯定句连用，引出的时间是主句谓语动词结束的时间。even though即使；in case以防万一；whenever每当、无论何时。‎ ‎ 17. C. 因为now that =since“既然”。‎ ‎ 18. A. 因为with pride (骄傲地) 是固定短语；where (在…的地方) 引导一个地点状语从句，‎ ‎ 19. D. 由where引导一个地点状语从句，表示坐 (sat) 的地方；后面是带有连词的现在分词作时间状语，when waking=when he woke。‎ ‎ 20. C. 因为It will be +时间段+ before…是固定句式，意为“过…之后才…”。句意是：要过五年之后，我们才会再次见面。‎ ‎ 21. B. 因为whatever = no matter what引导一个让步状语从句，并作difficulty的定语。句意是：你无论遇到什么困难，也决不要灰心丧气。‎ ‎ 22. C. 句意是：如果不允许我们喝啤酒，我们就不能喝。‎ ‎ 23. C. 因为无先行词，不是定语从句，而是由where引导的一个地点状语从句。句意是：在它们过去居住的地方，你仍然可以找到鸟的骨头。‎ ‎ 24. B. 题中when=since既然。句意是：既然他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了，他们还能学到什么呢？‎ ‎ 25. A. 因为while可以表示让步，与although相当，意为“虽然”。‎ l 能力提升 A组 阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ ‎　　My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk, but would never run very well. The first three years of his life was 1 in hospital. By the time he was eight, you wouldn't know he has a problem when you saw him 2 .‎ ‎　　Children in our neighborhood always ran around 3 their play, and Joey would jump and ran and play, 4 . We never told him that he probably wouldn't be 5 to run like the other children. So he didn't know.‎ ‎　　In 6 grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran more than any of the others, 7 only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the 8 . We didn't tell him he probably would never make the team, so he didn't know.‎ ‎　　He ran four to five mile every day - even when he had a fever. I was 9 , so I went to 10 him after school. I found him running 11 . I asked him how he felt. “Okay,” he said. He has two more miles to go. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept 12 .‎ ‎ 　Two weeks later, the names of the team 13 were caked. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had 14 the team. He was in seventh grade - the other six team members were all eighth graders. We never told him he couldn't do it … so he didn't know. He just 15 it.‎ ‎( )1. A. spent B. taken C. cost D. paid ‎( )2. A. talk B. sit C. study D. walk ‎( )3. A. after B. before C. during D. till ‎( )4. A. either B. too C. though D. yet ‎( )5. A. able B. sorry C. glad D. afraid ‎( )6. A. sixth B. seventh C. eighth D. ninth ‎( )7. A. so B. if C. then D. because ‎( )8. A. neighborhood B. family C. school D. grade ‎( )9. A. excited B. tired C. pleased D. worried ‎( )10. A. think about B. hear from　 C. agree with D. look for ‎( )11. A. alone B. away C. almost D. already ‎( )12. A. riding B. walking　 C. playing D. running ‎( )13. A. jumpers B. runners　 C. doctors D. teachers ‎( )14. A. got B. kept C. made D. found ‎( )15. A. did B. had C. left D. took ‎ Keys：1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D B组 阅读文章，选择最佳答案 ‎（A） ‎ ‎ Unless we spend money to spot(认出，发现) and prevent asteroids(小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists.‎ ‎　 　Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids(流星体) that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth.‎ ‎　　But $500 million worth of new telescopes right now, then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course.‎ ‎　　 Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are (i) How likely the event is; (2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare but if one did fall. It would be the end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these bid asteroids, they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist. “it’s that simple.”‎ ‎　　The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets(舰队，车队) of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “the world has less fear from doomsday(毁灭性) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them.” Said a New York Times article.‎ ‎　( )1. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids? ‎ ‎　　 A. They are heavenly bodies different in composition.‎ ‎　　 B. They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.‎ ‎　　 C. They are more asteroids than meteoroids.‎ ‎　　 D. Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.‎ ‎　( )2. What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?‎ ‎　　 A. It is very unlikely but the danger exists.‎ ‎ B. Such a collision might occur once every 25 years.‎ ‎　　 C. Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.‎ ‎　　 D. It’s still too early to say whether such a collision might occur.‎ ‎　( )3. What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the course of asteroids?‎ ‎　　 A. It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem.‎ ‎　　 B. It may create more problems than it might solve.‎ ‎　　 C. It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely.‎ ‎　　 D. Further research should be done before it is proved applicable.‎ ‎ ( )4. We can conclude from the passage that ______.‎ ‎　　 A. While pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world.‎ ‎　　 B. Asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future.‎ C. The worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime. ‎ ‎　　 D. Workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　( )5.Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in this passage?‎ ‎　　 A. Optimistic(乐观的) B.Critical(批评的) C. Objective(客观的) D. Arbitrary(武断的)‎ ‎ Key ：B A B D C ‎ ( B)‎ ‎ Do animals have a culture? What do we mean by “culture?” Lately social scientists have begun to ask if culture is found just in humans, or if some animals have a culture too. When we ‎ speak of culture, we mean a way of life a group of people have in common. Culture includes the beliefs and attitudes we learn. It is the patterns of behavior that help people to live together. It is also the patterns of behavior that make one group of people different from another group.‎ ‎ Our culture lets us make up for having lost out strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses. Instead we use tools, cooperate with one another, and communicate with language. But these aspects of human behavior, or “culture,” can also be found in the lives of certain animals. Animals can make tools, for example. We used to think that the ability to use tools was the dividing line between human beings and other animals. Lately, however, we have found that this is not the case. Chimpanzees(非洲小猩猩) can not only use tools but actually make tools themselves. Animals can also share knowledge with each other and use their own language to communicate. So it may be important for us to know that the line dividing us from animals is not as clear as we used to think.‎ ‎　( )1. Choose the statement that best expresses the main idea.____.‎ ‎　　 A. A chimpanzee can learn to use sign language to make sentences ‎　　 B. Other animals can invent tools ‎　　 C. Knowledge and communication are no longer signs of only human behavior ‎　　 D. The line dividing human culture from animal culture is not as clear as we might think ‎　( )2.“Culture” refers to ____.‎ ‎　　 A. book language of behavior we learn　‎ B. the patterns of behavior we learn ‎　　 C. traditional ideas 　‎ D. people’s good habits ‎　( )3. A chimpanzee’s use of tools means ____.‎ ‎　　 A. animals are the same as human beings ‎　　 B. animals can be as clever as human beings ‎　　 C. the dividing line between culture and animal culture no longer exists ‎　　 D. animals may have a culture like our own ‎　( )4. Which of the following statement is true?____.‎ ‎　　 A. The ability to use language separates human beings ‎ ‎　　 B. We can be certain that animals have a culture too ‎　　 C. Social scientists doubt if animals have a culture too ‎　　 D. Some traditional ideas about the difference between human beings and animals may be wrong ‎　( )5.The first sentence of the second paragraph “Our culture lets 7us make up for having lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses “ means ____.‎ ‎　　 A. as a result of our culture, we have lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses ‎　　 B. our culture has enabled us even better though we have lost our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses ‎　　 C. our culture has brought back to us strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses that we have lost ‎　　 D. our culture asks that we lose our strength, claws, long teeth, and other defenses which animals still have Key: D B D D B