中考英语专题主谓一致考点讲解和训练 4页

‎2011届中考英语专题复习十：主谓一致考点讲解和训练 ‎【考点直击】‎ ‎1. 语法一致的原则 ‎2. 意义一致的原则 ‎3. 邻近一致的原则 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓 一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。‎ ‎1. 语法一致的原则 ‎（1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：‎ He goes to school early every morning.‎ The children are playing outside.‎ To work hard is necessary for a student.‎ ‎（2）由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：‎ Both he and I are right.‎ Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.‎ 但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：‎ His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.‎ ‎ The poet and writer has come.‎ ‎ （3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：‎ ‎ In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.‎ ‎ Each man and each woman is asked to help.‎ ‎（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：‎ The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.‎ Nobody but two boys was late for class.‎ Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.‎ ‎（5） 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：‎ A lot of people are dancing outside.‎ The police are looking for lost boy.‎ ‎ （6）由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：‎ ‎ Is everybody ready?‎ ‎ Somebody is using the phone.‎ ‎ （7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：‎ ‎ Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.‎ ‎ Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.‎ ‎ 如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：‎ ‎ Here are some new pairs of shoes.‎ ‎ My new pair of socks is on the bed.‎ ‎2. 意义一致的原则 ‎（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：‎ Twenty years is not a long time.‎ Ten dollars is too dear.‎ ‎（2）有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：‎ My family is big one.‎ My family are watching TV.‎ ‎（3）不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：‎ All of the work has been finished.‎ All of the people have gone.‎ ‎ （4）疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：‎ ‎ Who is your brother?‎ ‎ Who are League members?‎ ‎ （5）“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：‎ ‎ It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.‎ ‎ Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.‎ ‎（6）half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数；如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：‎ ‎ I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.‎ ‎ Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.‎ ‎ （7）由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：‎ ‎ What she said is correct.‎ ‎ What she left me are a few old books.‎ ‎ （8）凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：‎ ‎ The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.‎ ‎ The dead is a famous person.‎ ‎3. 邻近一致的原则 ‎（1）由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：‎ Either you or I am right.‎ Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.‎ ‎（2）在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 ‎ ‎　　 There are two apples and one egg in it. ‎ ‎　　（3）as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 ‎ ‎　　 He as well as I is responsible for it. ‎ ‎　　 不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。‎ ‎ （4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。‎ ‎ Here is a letter and some books for you.‎ ‎【实例解析】‎ ‎ 1.How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.‎ ‎ A. have B. has C. is D. are ‎ 答案：B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎ 2.Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer‎ ‎Palace. They haven’t been back.‎ ‎ A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone ‎ 答案：D。该题考查的是主谓一致。如果由not only…but also连接两个并列主语，其谓语动词同相邻的主语保持一致，谓语动词应用单数形式。又因为他们还都没有回来，所以用has gone而不用has been。‎ ‎ 3.Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.‎ ‎ A. nor I am B. nor I are ‎ C. or me are D. or me is ‎ 答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。Neither…nor是一组连词，可连接连个并列主语，其谓语动词应同靠近的主语I保持一致, 因此应选A。‎ ‎ 4.Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square.‎ ‎ A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers ‎ C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers ‎ 答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）‎ ‎【中考演练】‎ 一. 选择填空 ‎1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy.‎ ‎ A. is B. was C. are D. were ‎2. ---When are you going to Kumming for your holidays?‎ ‎ ---I haven’t decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK.‎ ‎ A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also ‎3. ______ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.‎ ‎ A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B ‎4. _______ of them has his own opinion.‎ ‎ A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each ‎5. Are there any _______ on the farm?‎ ‎ A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep ‎6. My shirt _____ white and my trousers _____ blue.‎ A. are; are B. are; is C. is; is D. is; are ‎7. ------Two months _______ quite a long time.‎ ‎------Yes. I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎8. The old man has two children but _____ of them lives with him.‎ A. both B. none C. neither D. all ‎9. Our knowledge of computer _____ growing all the time.‎ A. be B. is C. are D. were ‎10. Everyone except Tom and John _____ there when the meeting began.‎ A. is B. was C. are D. were ‎11. Most of the houses _______ this year.‎ A. has built B. have built C. has been built D. have been built ‎12. I think maths _____ very difficult to learn.‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have ‎13. A large number of students _____ to work in Xingjiang.‎ A. have gone B. has gone C. goes D. is going ‎14. The number of the students in the class ______ small.‎ A. are B. is C. have D. were ‎15. There _____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were 二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎1. _____ (be) everything OK?‎ ‎2. Nobody _______ (know) the answer to the question.‎ ‎3. Ten divided by two _______ (be) five.‎ ‎4. Most of the drinking water ______ (be) from the Black River.‎ ‎5. Not only she but also I _______ (do) morning exercises every day.‎ ‎6. Either you or she _____ (have) made a wrong decision.‎ ‎7. The family _____(be) spending the weekend together.‎ ‎8. Bread and butter ______ (be) her daily breakfast.‎ ‎9. The police _____ (be) trying to catch the thief.‎ ‎10. The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.‎ 三. 翻译下列句子 ‎1.我们两个人都没有看这部电影。‎ ‎ ___________________________.‎ ‎2.我的茶杯里没有水了。‎ ‎ ___________________________.‎ ‎3.不是他就是我要到哪儿去。‎ ‎ ___________________________.‎ ‎4.学生们和老师都不知道这件事。‎ ‎ ___________________________.‎ ‎5.我们家正在一起度周末。‎ ‎ ___________________________.‎ ‎【练习答案】‎ 一. 1. B 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.B11.D 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.A 二. 1.Is 2.knows 3.is 4.is 5.do 6.has 7.are 8.is 9.are 10.was; were 三. 1.Neither of us has seen the film.‎ ‎2.There is no water in my cup.‎ ‎3.Either he or I is going there.‎ ‎4.Neither the students nor the teacher knows this matter.‎ ‎5.Our family are spending the weekend together.本资料由《七彩教育网》www.7caiedu.cn 提供！‎