中考英语冲刺之写作中考书面表达体裁及套路 21页

中考写作要求辅导讲义 主 题 中考书面表达体裁及套路 教学内容 C专题-中考写作要求 写作要求 根据广州市《英语课程标准（2011年版）》规定：初中毕业时（五级），学生应能根据图示和表格写出简单的段落或操作说明，使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系、能简单描述人物或事件。‎ 作文评价基本要求 Elements（要素）‎ Level（档次）‎ Content（内容）（6分）‎ Relevance to topic（切合题意，体现要点）‎ ‎6‎ ‎5.5‎ ‎5‎ ‎4‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎0.5‎ ‎0‎ Development of topic（题材有所发挥）‎ Accuracy（准确性）（6分）‎ Grammar（语法）‎ ‎6‎ ‎5.5‎ ‎5‎ ‎4‎ ‎3‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ Vocabulary（词汇）‎ Mechanics（机械性，指大小写和拼写等格式错误）‎ Fluency（流畅性）（3分）‎ Organization（结构）‎ ‎3‎ ‎2.5‎ ‎2‎ ‎1.5‎ ‎1‎ ‎0.5‎ ‎0‎ Cohesion（连贯性）‎ ‎ ‎ 作文评价的要求与作文评卷的标准一致。英语的作文评卷一般都采用通读一遍，然后根据评分标准及文章的语言结构进行总体评分。中考英语书面表达题的具体要求是：切题，能正确表达思想；意义连贯，文章基本通顺；无重大语言错误。总的来说，考生要做到结构完整、意思连贯、表达清晰、语言正确，评分主要按照上图所示的内容、准确性、流畅性这三方面进行评分。‎ 试题所提供的情景一般都会考虑到考生的年龄特点和能力范围。同学们只要根以上要求写出80词左右的短文，便可获得高分。‎ 例如：‎ Write at least 80 words about the topic “Things I Hate to Do”． （以“我不喜欢……”为题写一篇不少于80个词的短文。）‎ Use the following points as a guide. （短文必须包含下列要点。）‎ ‎- What are the things that you hate to do?‎ ‎- What do you hate most? Why? (Give at least two reasons.)‎ I love people and enjoy life. However, there are still things that I hate to do…‎ 第一篇 I hate to drink wine and waste time. But I hate smoking most！ Smoking is not harmful to our health but also harmful to other people's health. There are many people die of smoking every year. If we stop smoking, our health will become better and better. So we must do our best to stop smoking. Then our world will become more and beautiful.‎ ‎ 点评： 该文章基本切题，除了第四句有语法错误以外，全文意义比较连贯，表达也比较清楚。但是，文章句式比较单一，用词不够丰富，缺少变化，理由只举了一个，没有展开。‎ 第二篇 I hate to keep pets and tell lies. And the thing that I hate most is smoking. As we all know, smoking is unhealthy and can cause diseases. It is not only bad for smokers but also harmful to others. Whenever my father smokes,I feel sick and start coughing. Besides, smoking wastes a lot of money. Most people never plan to spend a lot of money on cigarettes, but once you're addicted to it,stopping is very difficult. So if you smoke, you're actually setting fire to piles of money. Just think of what you could buy with that money at the mall! What's more, people who smoke smell bad. The unpleasant smell stays on hair, clothing and skin.Then there is the bad breath. Therefore,I hate smoking most.‎ ‎ 点评： 该文章紧扣主题，意思表达清晰；文章层次分明、理由充分( harmful to smokers and others，waste a lot of money，smell bad)、结构完整；用词规范、准确，富有变化；上下文衔接合理、意义连贯。‎ 两篇文章一对比，孰优孰劣十分明显。要想在考试中写出好文章并得到高分毋庸置疑，主要取决于平时所下的功夫和语言的积累，需要在学习中多读多记，勤练勤写。但是，掌握英语文章的体裁和写作套路也可以起到事半功倍的效果。‎ 初中阶段的作文考题，由于受到时间和字数的限制，多为一段成文，当然也可以分为两到三段。这种段落式短文是围绕一个主题思想（通常由主题句来表示）而展开的一系列相关的旬子。由于英语民族的思维是直线型的，所以英语段落的特征也是按照一条直线展开，即由主题句、发展句和结尾句组成。段落中的每一个句子按照单一性（紧紧围绕主题句）和连贯性（句子之间互相衔接、层次分明）的原则，对段落的主题进行解释、说明和论证，构成一篇完整的段落短文。‎ 每一篇文章都有一个写作对象。这个对象可以是人、是物、是景，也可以是一种观点或一种现象。所以，在拿到写作题时，首先要认真审题，搞清楚文章的主旨，然后再决定文章的体裁，按照考题的要求写出一篇切合题意的文章。如果不明确写作对象和文章主旨，乱写一气，不论辞藻多么华丽，都是没有意义的。‎ C专题-不同体裁的写作套路 记叙文 记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方法，按照一定的时间或者空间顺序记录生活中的经历和 事物的发展过程。‎ ‎ 记叙文通常有两大类：侧重于写人的称为人物记叙文；侧重于叙事的称为叙事记叙文。‎ 在记叙文中，人和事实际上很难分开，因为人生活在社会里，总是和所做的事情联系在一起。‎ 写人必然要叙述有关的事；叙事也必然要涉及有关的人，但是由于写作的目的不同，侧重点 会有所不同。‎ ‎ 记叙文要求抓住主题，然后使用相关细节加以说明。记叙文一般有六大要素：时间、地 点、人物、事件、原因和结果。写人时要交代清楚人物、时间、地点和事件；叙事时要讲清楚事情的前因后果和发展过程。‎ ‎ 记叙文常用来叙述往事，因此谓语动词常使用过去时态。‎ ‎ 记叙文中还可以适当地进行描写，使得人物、场景生动活泼，增加文章的感染力。‎ 一、写人 ‎ 写人要写出个性，所谓的个性是指人的脾气性格、兴趣爱好和思想品质等方面的特点。‎ ‎ 脾气性格涉及：热心的( warm-hearted)、大方的(generous)、耐心的(patient)、热情的 ‎(enthusiastic)、淘气的(naughty)、没耐心的(impatient)等；‎ ‎ 兴趣爱好涉及：足球迷(a football fan)、影迷(a movie fan)、喜欢吃意大利食品(a fan ‎ of Italian food)、喜欢跳舞(like dancing)、喜欢打篮球(like playing basketball)等；‎ ‎ 思想品质涉及：善良的(‎ ‎ kind)、诚实的(honest)、忘我的(selfless)、不诚实的(dishonest)、狡猾的(cunning)、自私的(selfish)等。‎ ‎ 人物的个性不能一两句话泛泛而谈，必须通过具体的事情反映出来，这样内容就会充 实，才令人信服。常用的方法是通过一件事情反映一个人的特点；也可以列举几个事例反映 一个人的一个或者几个特点。‎ ‎ 通过一件事反映一个人的特点，以作文题“Our Monitor”为例：‎ ‎ (1) Our monitor's name is Linda. (2) She is very kind and helpful. (3)1 0nce caught a bad cold and got a high fever. (4) The doctor told me to stay in bed for several days before I fully recovered. (5)I missed the lessons on Chinese, math and English, and l was having a lot of trouble. (6) When l was worried about my studies, Linda came to see me and brought her lesson notes to me. (7) She helped me to deal with the missed lessons.(8) With her help,I managed to catch up. (9) Linda is really a good monitor!‎ ‎ 该短文通过作者由于生病缺课，得到班长帮助一事，反映了班长乐于助人的良好品质。‎ 短文由三个部分组成。第一部分(PI)介绍人物，确定主题；第二部分(PⅡ)具体描写人物，交代事件的过程；第三部分(PⅢ)重复第一部分的主题思想，起到强调作用。‎ 写作套路1：‎ ‎ PI S(1)介绍人物 ‎ S(2)确定主题，表明作者对人物的看法 ‎ PⅡ S(3)事件的背景 ‎ S(4)细节说明1‎ ‎ S(5)细节说明2‎ ‎ S(6)人物的行为 ‎ S(7)细节说明1‎ ‎ S(8)细节说明2‎ ‎ PⅢ S(9)重复作者对人物的看法 ‎ 列举几个事例反映一个人的特点，以作文题“My Mother”为例：‎ ‎ (1) My mother is a teacher at a secondary school. (2) She is a kind woman and busy with her work. (3) As a teacher, she loves her students. (4) If they have any difficulty with their studies, she will help them patiently. (5) She is never tired of answering their questions. (6) As a mother, she takes good care of me. (7) Every morning she is always the first to get up and prepares breakfast for me. (8) When I am in trouble, she tries to cheer me up and says it's not the end of the world. (9) My mother seems to be busy all the year round. (10) She goes to work in the morning and comes home late in the afternoon. (11) Then she does all the housework and puts everything in order. (12) She is praised and respected by everyone.‎ ‎ 文章由三部分组成。第一、二句为第一部分，介绍人物并且确定主题思想。第二部分列 举了三个事例说明妈妈的特点(She is a kind woman and busy with her work.)：作为教师热爱学生，作为母亲关心我，以及一年到头忙忙碌碌。最后部分是作者对妈妈的评价，与主题思想首尾相顾。这种方法也可用来描写一个人身上的多种特点，每个事例针对一个特点加以说明，给读者留下一个比较鲜明、有血有肉的形象。‎ 写作套路2：‎ ‎ PI S(1)介绍人物 ‎ S(2)确定主题，表明作者对人物的看法 ‎ PⅡ S(3)事例I ‎ S(4)细节说明1‎ ‎ S(5)细节说明2‎ ‎ S(6)事例Ⅱ ‎ S(7)细节说明l ‎ S(8)细节说明2‎ ‎ S(9)事例Ⅲ ‎ S(10)细节说明1‎ ‎ S(11)细节说明2‎ ‎ PⅢ S(12)作者的评价 ‎ 在写人的时候可以采用以上两种套路。它们的最大特点是结构严密、安排合理、层次清楚，内容丰富、语句连贯、容易操作。‎ 二、叙事 ‎ 这类作文要求考生叙述生活中有意义的或者印象深刻的一件事情。写作应以空间顺序 或者时间顺序为基本线索展开。这些表示空间或者时间的词语都是理顺文章条理的信号词，要特别注意。‎ ‎ 使用空间顺序法叙事，以作文题“A Visit to Nanpu Bridge”为例；‎ ‎ (1) Last week we visited Nanpu Bridge over the Huangpu River. (2) It's a great destination for visitors because of all the attractions. (3) In the blue sky above the bridge,I saw little white clouds and flying birds. (4) They enjoyed freedom high up in the sky. (5) On the bridge,I saw a lot of cars and trucks. (6) The traffic was moving steadily and without difficulty. (7) The highlight of the trip came when we walked across the bridge and looked down at the Huangpu River. (8) From there we got a wonderful view of Shanghai along the river. (9) The river ran through the city and was sparkling in the sun. (10) Many ships were passing under the bridge. (11) This visit was really impressive!‎ ‎ 这篇文章按照从上到下的空间顺序进行叙述。方位词语“above the bridge, on the bridge, across the bridge,‎ ‎ under the bridge”的运用，使得文章的条理十分清晰。文章从第7句开始叙述游览最精彩的部分，所以相关细节就更加充实。‎ 写作套路4：‎ ‎ PI S(1)介绍人物、时间和地点 ‎ S(2)确走主题，表明作者对事件的态度 ‎ PⅡ S(3)位置I ‎ S(4)细节 ‎ S(5)位置Ⅱ ‎ S(6)细节 ‎ S(7)位置Ⅲ ‎ S(8)细节1‎ ‎ S(9)细节2‎ ‎ S(10)细节3‎ ‎ PⅢ S(ll)作者的评价 ‎ 使用时间顺序法叙事，以作文题“What a Day!”为例：‎ ‎ (1) Yesterday we had a math exam and I had the worst sort of luck. (2)I had prepared my lessons well the night before and didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock. (3)I didn't forget to set the alarm clock and hoped it would call me at half past six m the morning. (4) But when l woke up the next morning, it was already seven. (5)I immediately put on my clothes and rushed to the bus stop. (6)Luckily,it didn't take me long to get on the bus. (7)Shortly after l got on the bus,I found I got on the wrong one. (8) So I got off and took a taxi to the school. (9) It never rains but it pours. (10) When I hurried into the classroom, to my surprise,I found I had left my schoolbag on the taxi. (11) What a day!‎ ‎ 文章按照时间顺序展开。第一句交代了事件背景和文章主题(I had the worst sort of luck.)。叙述从考试前一天晚上开始，一直到作者冲进教室后发现忘了拿书包时结束，生动 描写了作者运气坏透了的一天。时间词语的运用，使得文章的时间节点非常清晰，叙述非常 流畅。‎ 写作套路5：‎ ‎ PI S(1)介绍背景和主题 ‎ PⅡ S(2)时间节点I ‎ S(3)细节 ‎ S(4)时间节点Ⅱ ‎ S(5)细节1‎ ‎ S(6)细节2‎ ‎ S(7)时间节点Ⅲ ‎ S(8)细节1‎ ‎ S(9)细节2‎ ‎ S(10)时间节点Ⅳ ‎ PⅢ S(ll)作者的评价 说明文 ‎ 说明文是对事物进行解释和介绍的一种文章体裁，目的是使人们对所说明的事物有一 个清楚的认识和了解。说明性是说明文的基本特征。说明时要有条理，可以采用时间顺序 法，也可以采用列举法，以列举具体的事例进行说明。科学性和客观性是说明文的另一文体 特征，文章一般不带感情色彩。‎ ‎ 使用列举法说明，以作文题“How to Cross the Road Safely”为例：‎ ‎ (1) When we cross the road, we must be very careful and do the following.‎ ‎ (2) First, we must stop and find a safe place to cross. (3) We can use a zebra crossing because it gives us the right to cross before cars, buses and trucks. (4) Once we have found a suitable place, we must look both ways. (5) We must look left first, then right, then left again. (6) Or we can look at traffic lights. (7)A red light means we must stop while a green light means "go." (8) We must not cross the road when the traffic light is red. (9) It is dangerous. (10) When it is safe, we can walk straight across but keep looking and listening. (11) We must do this in case a car appears suddenly.‎ ‎ (12) If we keep these points in mind, we can cross the road safely.‎ ‎ 文章的第一部分明确主题。第二部分逐一介绍安全过马路的四个要点，每一个要点后 面都有细节支撑，做进一步的说明。最后部分重复主题思想，起到强调作用。‎ 写作套路6：‎ ‎ PI S(1)明确主题 ‎ PII S(2)要点I ‎ S(3)细节 ‎ S(4)要点Ⅱ ‎ S(5)细节 ‎ S(6)要点Ⅲ ‎ S(7)细节1‎ ‎ S(8)细节2‎ ‎ S(9)细节3‎ ‎ S(10)要点Ⅳ ‎ S(11)细节 ‎ PⅢ S(12)重复主题 议论文 ‎ 议论文通过摆事实、讲道理来说明自己的观点和见解，目的是影响和说服读者。与说明 文不同，议论文有着很强的主观性。‎ ‎ 在议论文中，作者首先表明自己的观点，即论点；然后提出可信的依据，即论据来证明自己的观点；最后，作者对所述内容进行归纳，得出结论。‎ ‎ 写议论文可以使用列举法和比较对照法。‎ ‎ 使用列举法议论，以作文题“Early Rising”为例：‎ ‎ (1) Early rising is good for us in many ways.‎ ‎ (2) First, it helps to keep us fit. (3) The air in the morning is fresh and healthy. (4) If we are early risers, we can get rid of stale air and breathe fresh air.‎ ‎ (5) Second, early rising helps us to plan our work for the day. (6) Every morning we decide what we should do and arrange everything. (7) We cannot work well without a good plan.‎ ‎ (8) Third, early rising helps us in our studies. (9) Mornings are the most productive time. (10) In the morning, we learn more quickly and we find it easier to remember what we learn.‎ ‎ (11) Fourth, if we rise early, we actually have time for breakfast. (12) We all know that breakfast is one of the most important meals of the day. (13) Without breakfast, we're so hungry until lunch time and cannot focus on our studies.‎ ‎ (14) In a word, early rising is a healthy lifestyle.‎ ‎ 本文采用了列举法。第一句表明论点，后面各句通过“first, second, third”等词语逐一 列出令人信服的论据。每一个层面都是先有一个主题句，然后再添加相关细节。这样，条理 比较清晰，内容也比较充分。‎ ‎ 写作套路7：‎ ‎ PI S(1)提出论点 ‎ PII S(2)论据I ‎ S(3)细节1‎ ‎ S(4)细节2‎ ‎ S(5)论据Ⅱ ‎ S(6)细节1‎ ‎ S(7)细节2‎ ‎ S(8)论据Ⅲ ‎ S(9)细节1‎ ‎ S(10)细节2‎ ‎ S(11)论据Ⅳ ‎ S(12)细节l ‎ S(13)细节2‎ ‎ PⅢ S(14)结论 ‎ 此类体裁的文章也可以不使用“first, second, third”等表示列举的词语。只要文章条 理清晰、层次分明就可以了。‎ ‎ 以作文题“My Favorite Season"为例：‎ ‎ (1)I love summer! (2) It's so much nicer than other seasons. (3)I love summer because I can go to the countryside for a holiday and have a happy time. (4)I love the hot air and the feeling of the sun on my face, (5)I enjoy wearing less, and I love to get a nice tan! (6)I love the smell of flowers and fresh grass and the songs of birds in the mornin_g.‎ ‎(7)I also love to swim and catch fish in rivers and go into the curious insect world. (8)I like to catch grasshoppers and run after butterflies flying from flower to floweT. (9)I find endless pleasure in this season!‎ ‎ 本文也采用了列举法。文章的第一句表明作者的观点。第二句给予进一步的说明，也可以省略。第三句提出论据，后面的句子列举与论据有关的细节。最后一句进行归纳，作者对夏天的喜爱溢于言表。‎ 写作套路8：‎ ‎ PI S(1)提出论点 ‎ S(2)进一步说明 ‎ PII S(3)提出论据 ‎ S(4)细节1‎ ‎ S(5)细节2‎ ‎ S(6)细节3‎ ‎ S(7)细节4‎ ‎ S(8)细节5‎ ‎ PⅢ S(9)结论 ‎ 使用比较对照法议论，以作文题“Studying Abroad”为例：‎ ‎ (1) Studying abroad has both advantages and disadvantages. (2) One of the advantages is that we can study and research in good schools. (3) Second, we can travel widely, and there is no better time to spread our wings and experience a new culture in a new world. (4) Third, we can use English in our daily life and improve our language skills. (5) But studying abroad does have some disadvantages. (6) One problem is that we will have difficulty in adapting to a new culture. (7) Another problem is the loneliness and homesickness because we will miss our parents and friends. (8) Furthermore, the cost of studying abroad is much higher than that in the home country. (9) To sum up, given an opportunity to study abroad, we must look at it from both sides before making the decision．‎ ‎ 这篇文章以比较对照法展开。第一句表明主题。第二句至第四句讲的是出国的好处，第五句至第八句讲的则是出国的坏处。最后一句明确表达作者本人的观点。‎ ‎ 写作套路9：‎ ‎ PI S(1)提出论点 ‎ PⅡ S(2)好处（论据）1‎ ‎ S(3)好处（论据）2‎ ‎ S(4)好处（论据）3‎ ‎ S(5)转折过渡 ‎ S(6)坏处（论据）1‎ ‎ S(7)坏处（论据）2‎ ‎ S(8)坏处（论据）3‎ ‎ PⅢ S(9)结论 应用文 ‎ 应用文是人们在日常生活、学习和工作中常用的一种文体，有较为固定的模式。初中所 学的应用文主要有书信（电子邮件）、日记、便条和通知等四种。写作时可以采用记叙文、说明文或议论文的套路。 ‎ 一、书信（电子邮件）‎ ‎ 英文书信一般由四个部分组成。‎ ‎ 1．信头 ‎ 信头指发信人的地址和发信日期，一般写在信纸的右上角。先写发信地址，顺序是由小 到大。发信日期接在她址的下一行写，为单独一行。日期普遍的写法是：月、日、年（日和年之间要有逗号隔开），例如July 8，2011。如果信是写给熟悉的人，往往只写日期。‎ ‎ 2．称呼 ‎ 左起顶格写，独立成行，末尾用逗号。英文称呼的写法根据写信人和收信人之间的关系 而定。最常见的是“Dear+头衔+姓”或者“Dear+名”，例如Dear Professor Smith，Dear Mr. Wei，Dear David等。如果是家庭成员或者是好朋友，一般用“My Dear+名”或者直呼 其名，例如My Dear Helen，Russ等。如果不清楚收信人的性别，可以称Dear Sir or Madam。‎ ‎ 3．正文 ‎ 正文从称呼的下一行开始写，每一段的第一行往右缩进五个字母。正文可以先用一两 句话说明写信的目的，然后再谈具体事情。如果正文的内容不多，也可以一段写完。‎ ‎ 4．结束语 ‎ 结束语要自成一段，表达写信人对收信人的良好祝愿或期盼。结束语的内容要和正文 的内容相呼应。常用的结束语如下：‎ ‎ Best wishes．‎ ‎ With best regards.‎ ‎ Thank you.‎ ‎ Please take care.‎ ‎ Please remember me to Tom.‎ ‎ Write soon.‎ ‎ I hope to hear from you soon.‎ ‎ I'm looking forward to meeting you.‎ ‎ 5．结尾谦称和署名 ‎ 结尾谦称指结尾的客套话，单独成行，从与正文有两三行距离的中间偏右的地方开始。‎ 第一个单词的首字母要大写，末尾用逗号。结束语一般用“Yours+副词”构成。注意，不要 把Yours写成Your。结束语可根据写信人和收信人之间的关系有所不同。下面是一些常用的写法：‎ ‎ 1)写给亲属或密友：Yours，Always yours，Yours ever．Love，With love，Your loving daughter，Sincerely…‎ ‎ 2)写给上级或长者：Yours respectfully，Yours gratefully...‎ ‎ 3)写给关系一般的人：Yours truly，Yours sincerely...‎ ‎ 署名低于结尾谦称一行，从缩后于结尾谦称一半的地方写起。出于礼貌和负责的原因，‎ 即使信件是打印稿，写信人都要亲笔署名。‎ ‎ 书信范例：‎ ‎ 假如你是David，想加入一个俱乐部使你周日的闲暇时间过得愉快。写一封信给俱乐部 负责人，介绍你的爱好和兴趣并希望了解有关规定。‎ ‎ 86 Zaoyang Road ‎ Shanghai，200062‎ ‎ P．R．China ‎ July 18，2011‎ Dear Sir or Madam，‎ ‎ I am writing to ask to join your club. My name js David. I have many hobbies and interests.I like music and photography. I like collecting stamps, planting flowers and climbing mountains. Painting is also something that I really enjoy doing. I'm busy with my work, but I can keep my Sundays free.1 want to be a member of your club and enjoy my free time. Would you please let me know your requirements?‎ ‎ I'm looking forward to your reply.‎ ‎ Yours sincerely，‎ ‎ David 写作套路10:‎ ‎ 86 Zaoyang Road ‎ Shanghai, 200062‎ ‎ P. R. China ‎ July 18, 2011 (信头)‎ Dear ...，（称呼） ‎ I am glad to . .. /I am writing to ... /Thank you very much for . .. /How are things going?/ How are you getting on?/l haven't heard from you for a long time.__________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________（正文）‎ ‎ I'm looking forward to your reply. /With best regards!（结束语）‎ ‎ Yours sincerely，（结尾谦称）‎ ‎ David（署名）‎ 二、通知 ‎ 通知分为口头通知和布告通知两种。口头通知的措辞比较通俗，具有感情色彩。布告通知的措辞可以正式一些。其正文上方的中间位置写上“Notice”作为标志，右下角写明通知发放单位的名称，下一行写明通知发放的日期。‎ 不管是哪一类通知，正文部分都要写清楚时间、地点、内容、对象和要求。概括性的内容可以用一句话放在前面，然后再提供细节。‎ 通知的时态多使用一般现在时和一般将来时。‎ 口头通知范例：‎ May I have your attention, please?I have an announcement to make.‎ Professor Li from Shanghai University will give us a lecture on environmental protection. All the students of Junior Grade 3 are asked to attend it.The lecture will be held in our new lecture theater at 2:30 0n Friday afternoon. We should listen carefully and take notes. After the lecture, we will have a discussion and write a report on the subject.‎ ‎ Please get there on time. That's all. Thank you!‎ 写作套路13:‎ May I have your attention, please?I have an announcement to make.‎ ‎___________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ Please get there on time. That's all. Thank you!‎ 布告通知范例： ‎ Notice There is an interesting film on at our school cinema. The title of the film is "Harry Porter. " It starts at seven o'clock this evening and lasts about two hours. This film is about a clever and brave boy who dares to fight against powerful enemies. His Z-shaped scar and magic stick will bring you into a wonderful world. All students of the school are welcome.‎ ‎ The Students' Union May 24, 2011‎ 写作套路14:‎ ‎ Notice There is an interesting film on at our school cinema._________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ The Students"Union ‎ May 24, 2011‎ 三、发言稿 ‎ 发言稿是参加会议者为了在会议或重要活动上表达自己的意见、看法或汇报思想、工作情况而事先准备好的文稿。它可以用来交流思想、感情,表达主张、见解;也可以用来介绍自 己的学习、工作情况和经验等。发言稿可以分为演讲稿、倡议书、欢迎辞、欢送辞等形式,考试中常见的为演讲稿和倡议书。 发言稿具有宣传、鼓动、教育和欣赏等作用，它可以把演讲者的观点、主张与思想感情传达给听众以及读者，使他们信服并在感情上产生共鸣.。‎ 发言稿范例：‎ Boys and girls,‎ Good morning. I am Li Lei. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to make a speech here. The topic of my speech is “How to keep healthy”. In my opinion, as middle school students, keeping healthy is important. First, we should do more exercise such as playing ball games, running, swimming and jumping rope. Then, we’d better pay attention to our diet. Don’t eat too much meat and sugar but more vegetables and fruit. And keep enough sleep is also important. What’s more, we should keep ourselves happy. As people often say, “Smiling makes people younger.”‎ I hope I have made myself understood. Thank you for your listening. ‎ 写作套路15:‎ Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen,‎ Good morning/afternoon/evening. I am _______ (自我介绍）It is a great honor for me to make a speech on _______.(演讲题目)/ Thank you for giving me the opportunity to make a speech here. The topic of my speech is_______. (演讲题目）In my opinion, as_______，_______is important. First, we should_______.(做法一} Then，we ‘d better ______.(做法 二 } What’ s more,_______. (做法三}.‎ I hope I have made myself understood. Thank you for your listening.‎ 倡议书范例：‎ Dear schoolmates,‎ It is known to us all that the world is having problems with money. It’s not easy for our parents to make money. Let，s do something to help them.‎ As students, we should try our best to save money. First, we had better ride a bike to school rather than take a taxi. Second, we should bring lunch to school instead of buying food. Third, we hope that everyone wears clean school uniform rather than expensive clothes. Fourth, we should drink water as much as possible instead of soft drinks. ‎ In sum, we should save more money for our parents.‎ Students’ Union 写作套路16: ‎ Dear schoolmates,‎ It is known to us all that_______. Let’s do something to_______.(倡议内容）‎ As students, we should_______. First, we had better_______. (做法一) Second, we should _______. (做法二）Third，we hope that_______(做法三} Fourth, we should _______.{做法四}‎ In sum, we should do much more things, so that_______.(结果）‎ ‎ _______(落款)‎ 六、 调查报告 调查报告是针对某一现象、某一事件或某一问题进行深 入细致的调查,对获得的材料进行认真分析研究，发现本质 特征和基本规律之后写成的书面报告。‎ 调查报告是写给别人看的，所以在写时应该写明调查的原因、调查过程、调查结果以及所得出的结论。一般写调查报告 可以遵循以下步骤：‎ 第一步:根据题目中所给的现象和问题做客观的介绍；‎ 第二步:分析数据或事实所反映的问题；‎ 第三步：阐述作者个人的看法和建议。‎ 调查报告范例：‎ The health of the students is getting worse and worse. Here are the results of a survey from a middle school in 2010 and 2014.‎ In 2010, 46% of the students were short-sighted, but in 2014，the percentage is 74%. In 2010，nearly 36% of the students stayed up late, but in 2014，the number rises to 67%. This is because they are in Junior Three, so they have lots of homework to do.‎ I think students should get less homework and do more exercise. Only in this way can students get plenty of sleep and become healthier. ‎ 写作套路17: ‎ The _______(主题）of the students is getting _______. Here are the results of a survey from a middle school in ‎ 2010 and 2014.‎ In 2010, _______ (比例)of the students were _______，but in 2014，the percentage is _______ (比例). In 2010, nearly_______ (比例）of the students, but in 2014, the number rises to_______(比例). This is because they _______ (原因），so they _______(结果}.‎ I think students should_______.(建议）Only in this way can students _______.(目的）‎ ‎ (112 words)‎ C专题-写作之运用练习 写人型 ‎(河南）以“A person I will never forget”为题，写一篇英语短文。‎ ‎ 要求：‎ ‎ 1.短文内容应包括人物的外貌、性格、爱好和使你难忘之处等;‎ ‎ 2.短文中不得出现真实的校名和人名;‎ ‎ 3.词数80左右。‎ 范文：‎ A person I will never forget In my life the person I will never forget is my father.‎ When I was a child, my family was poor， and we lived hard. At that time my farther was young. He was tall and thin. He was usually kind. He loved playing Chinese chess when he was free. He worked hard every day to make money to keep our family. He was in school for only two years because his family was poor. But he knew going to school ‚ was important. So he asked me to work hard at school. Once I didn’t want to go to school, and my father was angry with me and made me go to schoolƒ.‎ ‎ Now I understand my father’s love to me. I will never forget my father.‎ love doing sth. 意为"喜欢做某事"， 用动词的现在分词 形式表示一直以来 喜欢，是一种习惯。‎ ‚ going to school 为动名词短语作宾 语从句的主语，属 于高级表达。‎ ƒbe angry with sb.意为"生某人的 气"，此处make sb. do sth.有"强迫某 人做某事"的意味。‎ 记事型 ‎ (湖北十堰)亲爱的同学们，初中生活即将结束！在此离别之际，恰逢《中学生英语》征稿，请你以“A(n) (Lucky/Unusual/Exciting/Proud/Regretful(遗憾的）/...) Thing”为题，简要 描述一件你亲身经历的、印象深刻的事情’并谈谈你从这件事 中所获得的启示。‎ 要求：‎ 1. 写短文前,请用一个恰当的形容词补全下面的标题,所用形容词可以从上面括号中选取,也可以另外选择;‎ 2. ‎.语句通顺,表达准确，内容连贯;‎ 3. ‎.文中不得出现真实的校名和姓名;‎ 4. 词数:80~100词。 短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ A（n）________ Thing ‎ In the past three years, the life of middle school has impressed me deeply. Many stories happened. The following is one of them.‎ 范文：‎ A Regretful Thing In the past three years, the life of middle school has impressed me deeply. Many stories happened. The following is one of them.‎ One day, I went into a net bar after school. I played an interesting game until 7:00 p.m. After I came back home, I told my mother that I had been going over my lessons at school. Mother believed me! After a while, she cooked two eggs and said happily to me, “Son, eat them and take care of yourself because you study too hard.” Hearing my mother’s words, ‚my face turned red. After that, I decided to study hard.‎ From it, I understand we should not cheat anyone, especially ƒour parents. Honesty is the most important.‎  本句是个含有时 间状语从句和宾语 从句的复杂句型； 过去完成进行时态 had been going over...的使用，表 示过去一直在做某事，表达准确。‚hearing my mother’s words 为动名词短语作伴随状语，体现了作者深厚的写作功底。‎ ƒespecially,意为 "尤其"，使用准确、地道，引出特殊的人物/情况，带有一 定的感情色彩。‎ 说明文：‎ ‎(山东烟台）假如你们学校正在开展研究性学习(exploring learning strategies)，请你根据下表提供的信息，写一篇短文，让更多的学生了解你校开展研究性学习的一些情况。‎ 注意：1. .短文应包括表格提示的所有内容，可适当发挥;‎ ‎ 2.词数: 100词左右。开头已给出，但不计入总词数。‎ 过去 现在 课堂 老师讲解知识点，学生 听讲，记笔记，没有足够的时间独立思考问题。‎ 老师提出问题，学生相互讨 论,并学会与他人合作,从而 找出解决问题的方法。‎ 课后 做大量的作业。‎ 丰富多彩的课外活动，如： 读自己喜欢的书,去图书馆 或上网查资料等。‎ 个人感受 ‎……‎ Great changes have taken place in our studies since our school began to carry on exploring learning strategies. .......‎ Great changes have taken place in our studies since our school ① in the past 引出 老师过 ‎ began to carry on exploring learning strategies.‎ In the past, teachers were always ;us some knowledge points in class.①We only listened and took notes and we had no time to think by ourselves. What’s more, after class, we had to do lots of homework. It was really boring.‎ But now，teachers have c hanged their teaching methods.② In class, they first give some tasks to us. Then we work in pairs or groups. As a result, we not only learn to work with others but also find the ways of solving the problems.③After class, we have lots of interesting activities. For example, we can read books we like, go to the library or surf the Internet to seek some necessary information.④ We students all feel interested and happy.‎ So, I like such a change.‎ 去的教学方 法；be always doing sth 意为"老是/ 总是做某事"，表意 贴切，用法高级。‎ ②but笔锋一转，导出现在的不同状况，衔接自然。‎ ③ not only... but also...意为“不仅……而且……"，该结构的使用使得句子结构紧凑、信息量大。‎ ④该句为并列句， 其中 read, go to, surf为三个并列的动作。‎ 议论文 ‎ 近年来，青少年心理健康问题引起了越来越多人的关注。 你们学校英语角这周的主题就是关于此问题的。假如你叫李 华，请根据以下要点提示写一篇文章就这个话题进行发言。 ‎ 提示：1.学校方面:建立专门的应对机构；‎ ‎ 2. 家长方面:给予更多关注；‎ ‎ 3. 青少年自己:正确面对困难。‎ ‎ 参考词汇： 心理健康 mental health;部门 department 調 ‎ 1.词数:80左右;2.根据所给信息可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Nowadays, people are paying a lot more attention to young people's mental health. In my opinion, the whole society should work together to solve this problem.‎ Firstly, schools should establish a special department to help students to solve their mental problems. Secondly, it is wise tor parents to care more about the mental health of their children.‚The last point is that young people should deal with difficulties properly.ƒ They can ask their teachers and parents for advice on how to solve problems.‎ As a student, we should face all the possible difficulties in our life positively. Besides, I hope that all the young people can live a happy life.‎ 现在进行时态运用准确；pay attention to意为"注意”， 该短语的应用丰富 了文章语言。‎ ‚it作形式主语，真 正的主语为动词不 定式短语to care more about...,此结 构运用准确，避免 了头重脚轻。‎ ƒthat引导表语从 句，丰富了文章句式。‎ 书信：‎ 假设你是某学生杂志社的编辑Diana,收到了读者Steve的一封来信,信中倾诉了他目前的烦恼。请根据提示内容，给 Steve写一封回信。‎ 提示：‎ 与人交流 课上参与小组讨论,表达自己的想法;课间和同学交谈 表达善意 主动问候同学;对同学友好;帮助同学 参加活动 积极参加班级活动(例如:运动会、歌咏比赛等)‎ 参考词汇：小组讨论 group work 表达 express 要求： 1.词数:80〜100词；‎ ‎ 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数;‎ ‎ 3.要点齐全,行文连贯，可适当发挥。‎ Dear Diana,‎ ‎ I just came to a new school. And I can’t get on well with my new classmates... What should I do?‎ Dear Steve,‎ ‎..........‎ ‎ Best wishes.‎ Diana 范文：‎ Dear Steve,‎ Your letter came to me this morning.‎ I have been thinking about ①the question you wrote in the letter. In my opinion, first you should be active in group work in class to express your ideas and talk with your classmates at break. If you want to get on well with your classmates, don’t forget to say hello when you meet them.② It is also very important for you to be friendly and helpful when they are in trouble. ③Besides, ④you need to take part in all kinds of afterclass activities, such as sports meetings, football games and singing competitions. I am sure you will soon make many friends.‎ So, do you think they are useful? I hope to hear from you as soon as possible.‎ Best wishes.‎ Diana ①think about, be active in等固定搭配的应用显示了作者高超的英语驾驭能力。‎ ②条件状语从句丰富了文章句式。‎ ‎107‎ ③when引导时间状语从句；it作形 式主语，真正的主 语是 to be friendly and helpful...‎ ④连接词使文章承上启下，过渡自然 通知：‎ 请以下面内容写一则书面通知。‎ 校长室(The Headmaster Office)定于5月20日14点30分 邀请专家来我校做报告，报告内容是关于“生命安全与自救”(how to be safe and how to save yourself)，望全体学生按时参 加。地点:学校操场。‎ 范文：‎ Notice All the students,‎ There is going to be an important talk on the playground at 14:30 on May 20. The expert will give a talk on how to be safe and how to save yourself.①‎ Do be present on time.②‎ The Headmaster Office May 13‎ ①how 引导宾语从句，做介词on的宾语 ② 强调句，让学生注意要准时到。Do在这里起加强语气的作用 倡议书：‎ ‎(山东烟台）当前，全市各校正开展“好书伴我成长”活动。‎ 请你根据活动主题并结合表格中所给的信息’以“Growing up with good books”为题，用英语写一篇100-120词的倡议书。向学校同学发出倡议。‎ 读书的益处 获取知识，增长见识，使人快乐 存在的现象 听音乐，看电视，上网，占用了大部分业余时间 发出倡议 多读书，读经典好书。向世界传播中国传统文化。让 读书成为我们生活的一部分 要求：1.倡议书应包括所有要点; 2.倡议书的开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Growing up with good books My dear friends,‎ Reading is very important....‎ ‎ ‎ Growing up with good books My dear friends,‎ Reading is very important. We can get knowledge through reading. It can not only open our minds，but also make us cleverer and happier.①Our study can be improved if we read more good books. The more we read, the more we will learn, and the brighter our future will become.②‎ However, some students spend much time in listening to music, watching TV or playing online games. So I would like to suggest that everyone should read more books, especially read classics so that we can spread our Chinese traditional culture to the world.③‎ Let’s start reading now. And let it become a part of our life!④‎ ① not only... but also...的使用，从两个方面表现出读节 的益处。‎ ②"the+比较级... the +比较级”结 构，表示"越……越 ③that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中包 含so that引导的 目的状语从句，是高级得分句型。‎ ④结尾部分发出读 书的倡议，感情真挚自然。‎ 调查报告：‎ 假期期间，你对中学生上网的情况做了一次调查。下面是你调查到的情况，请你根据提示用英语写一篇短文，叙述一下 这次调查的结果并谈谈你对中学生上网的看法和建议。‎ 要点提示：i.）中学生上网基本以听音乐、看电影、玩游戏、聊天为主；‎ ‎2.）大多数中学生天天上网，有的一天一个小时，有的两个 多小时；‎ ‎3.）由于经常上网，他们上课打瞌睡，放学后完不成作业； ‎ ‎4.）你对中学生上网的看法和建议。‎ 要求： 90词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Nowadays a great number of middle school students like surfing the Internet. But what do they do online and how long do they spend on it? During the vacation, I did a survey..... ‎ 范文：‎ Nowadays a great number of middle school students like surfing the Internet. But what do they do online and how long do they spend on it? During the vacation, I did a survey. ‎ These middle school students usually listen to music, see movies, play e-games or chat with friends online . ①Most of them surf the Internet every day. Some of them are online for about one hour and some even for more than two hours. As a result②they are sleepy in class and can’t finish their homework. It ’ s a bad habit.‎ In my opinion, middle school students should use the Internet correctly and spend less time on it, or it will affect their study.③To keep students healthy, ④parents and teachers must actively guide online students.‎ ①本句中 listen to, see, play, chat 并列 作句中谓语，语法知 识运用熟练正确。‎ ②as a result,sleepy 等高级表达为文章增添亮点。‎ ③or用于连接两个并列的句子，表示"否 则，要不然”的意思， 表意准确地道。‎ ④ 动词不定式作状语，置于句首，强调动词的目的。‎