中考连系动词考点系统归纳 16页

中考连系动词考点系统归纳（适用于九年级）‎ ‎ 第一部分      ‎ ‎        连系动词本身有一定词义，但不完整，不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成合成谓语。 一. 连系动词分类 1. “状态”类：常见的有：‎ be (是)，keep (保持)，stay (保持)，remain (依然)，seem (似乎是)，appear (似乎，显得)，prove (证明是)，这类词表示具有或保持某种特征或状态。‎ 1. He is director of our department．他是我们部门的主任。‎ 2. The meat will keep／stay fresh for several days．肉会保鲜好几天的。‎ 3. The store remains closed．What’s the matter?已经是上午十点了，商店仍然关着门，是怎么回事?‎ 4. The chairwoman seemed very surprised about the question I asked． 女主席似乎对我提出的问题感到吃惊。‎ 5. ‎ The sky appears blue on the earth．从地球上看天空似乎是蓝色的。‎ 6. As time went on，his theory proved (to be) true．随着时间的推移，他的理论证明是正确的。‎ ‎ ◆keep, remain, stay用法区别 ‎① keep “保持……状态”，后接adj.或介词短语。其后常见：alive, awake, cheerful, silent, dry, well, fit, fine, close, clean, happy, firm，in one’s stand等。‎ ‎ Have you kept well all these years?‎ ‎ 这些年来你身体好么？ I hope it will keep fine. 我希望天气继续好下去。 In order to keep fit, all students go in for sports.为了保持健康，所有学生都参加体育运动。 We’d better keep in touch. 我们最好保持联系。 ② remain “仍然存在……状态”，后接adj.、过去分词、名词或介词短语，强调某种状态前后无变化。 The door remained closed.门仍然关着。 Kosovo intensity remained high.科索沃局势仍然高度紧张。 Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman.彼得当了法官，而约翰依旧是渔民。 Your room remains like this. 你的房间依旧是这样子。 ③ stay “保持……状态”，后接形容词、分词。 That fellow stayed single. 那个小伙子仍保持单身。 The door stayed closed. 门一直关着（无比较的持续状态） It’s easy to stay hidden. 躲起来很容易。 Please stay seated. 请继续坐着。  ‎ ‎2. “感官”类：主要指与五种感官有关的动词：look (看起来)，sound (听起来)，smell (闻起来)，taste (尝起来)，feel (摸起来／感到)。 The Sydney Opera House looks just like seashells。悉尼歌剧院看上去就像海贝。     The story sounds true．这个故事听起来像真实的。 The meat you bought last week smells terrible．It has gone bad． 你上周买的肉难闻极了，它已经臭了。     Those oranges on sale taste good．卖的那些橘子尝起来很好吃。     Silk feels soft．丝绸摸上去很柔软。  3. “变化”类：常见的有三组     a．turn (变成)，grow (变得)，get (变成)，become (变成)，make ()     b．come (变得)，go (变得), c．fall (进入某状态), run (变成，进入) 4. 双谓语系动词      此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如： The run rose red. 太阳升起红艳艳。 She stopped and stood quite still. 她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。 The book lay open on the table. 那书在桌子上打开着。 The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆积在地上。 He married young. 他结婚很早。 The window blew open. 窗户吹开了。 She blushed as red as a peony. 她的脸红得像一朵牡丹花。 Lei Feng died young. 雷锋早逝。 The material has worn thin. 这种布料已穿薄了。 The weather continued calm. 天气仍然平静。 He continued silent.他继续沉默不语。 二. become, come, go, get, grow, turn的用法与区别 1. become 和get主要指一个人暂时性的身心变化或永久性的自然变化。另外，become 和 get ‎ 还可用于指天气的变化和社会的趋势。如： become / get / angry, famous, ill, old, well, deaf, strong生气，成名，得病，变老，痊愈，变聋，变强 get dressed 穿衣服  get changed 换衣服 It’s becoming / getting cold (dark, cloudy, etc). 天渐冷了(黑了，多云了等)。 Divorce is becoming / getting more common. 离婚现象越来越常见了。 Last night I got caught in the downpour. 昨夜我被雨淋了（表示意想不到） The new car got scratched. 新车给刮坏了。（表突发性） 2. go 和come表示变化时，前者主要指一种由强到弱或由好到坏的变化，后者则主要指向好的方面变化。come和go还可接有否定前缀的过去分词。 go bald / deaf / insane 发秃 / 变聋 / 发疯     go blind变瞎 go hungry 挨饿，    go naked 光着身子 His report went unnoticed. 他的报告没人注意。 The meat’s gone bad. 肉变坏了。 The radio’s gone wrong. 收音机出毛病了。 Her wish came true. 她的愿望实现了。 Everything came right. 一切顺利。 【注】 come 除表示向好的方面变化外，还有以下常见搭配值得注意： come untied 解开，come loose 变松，come undone 松开 3. go和turn还可用于人或事物颜色的变化。 She went / turned blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。 The rotten meat went / turned green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。 4. grow:“渐渐变得……起来，长得”。 主要表示逐渐变化，强调变化的过程： It began to grow dark. 天色渐渐黑了。 The sea is growing calm. 大海变得平静起来。 The pollution problem is growing serious. 污染问题日见严峻。 My younger brother is growing tall．我的弟弟渐渐长高了。 5. make也可表示某人或某物发生了某些变化，含义为：① 合计为 ② 成为，适合作，宜用作，具备…的素质。make后接名词时，名词前通常加限定词。    Two and two make four. 2加2等于4。    They made friends. 他们交上了朋友。    Penny will make a very good teacher. 彭尼将成为一名很好的老师。    An old cardboard box makes a comfortable bed for a kitten. 旧纸箱给小猫当床是很舒服的。 6. turn指改变特性、本质、状态等。还指到达或超过某一年龄或时间。     The milk turned sour．牛奶变酸了。 So next year you will turn 16. 7. become与turn都可以接名词，become后的名词前有冠词，turn后的名词无冠词且常用单数。 He turned writer after he graduated from a medical college. 他从医学院毕业后当了作家。 She became a lawyer. 她成了一名律师。. 8. run：变成，进入……状态。后面接short, dry, low, deep等词，主语多为能流动，能消耗掉的东西。如：     run short / low ……没胜多少，快用完       run short of sth 快用完……‎ ‎ run dry 干涸     run wild 放肆，撒野 Still waters run deep. 水静流深，人静心深。 They ran out of money. Their money was running short. Still waters run deep. Don't let the children run wild. 9. fall“进入（某种状态），成为”，后常接以下形容词：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat. fall ill 生病     fall short 没中,     fall apart 散开,     fall silent 沉默 fall flat直挺挺地倒达不到预想效果;彻底失败下   fall lame 变瘸 The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. 那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。 My father fell ill and died.我的父亲生病死了。 His horse fell lame.他的马瘸了。 She fell flat on her face as she got out of the car. 她一下车便直挺挺地脸朝下倒了下去。 That deal fell flat. Nobody was interested at all. 那交易彻底失败,没有人再有任何兴趣。 三. 使用连系动词注意事项 1. 所有连系动词都不用于被动语态中，除“变化”类fall和feel以外的连系动词都不用于进行时态中。       一Do you like the material? 你喜欢这块布料吗?、       — Yes, it feels soft．是的，它摸上去很柔软。       He is feeling even worse today．他今天感觉更糟了。  2. 连系动词后可接过去分词作表语，相当于被动语态。       Please stay / remain seated．请坐好。       The room soon became crowded．屋里一会儿就挤满了人。 3. 为了强调表语，同时保持句子平衡，当主语是名词时，可把表语提前，引起倒装。       So honest was the boy that everyone believed in him．这个孩子很诚实，大家都信任他。       Great have been our achievements since we cooperated last year．我们去年合作以来已取得巨大成绩。  4. 连系动词也可跟不定式to do／to be。常见的有remain，seem，appear，prove等。come, get, grow后可接不定式表示变化过程，come表示“最终变得”，get表示“由不……变得”，grow表示“渐渐变得”。如： I've really come to love this place. 我终于爱上了此地。 Mary's growing to be more and more like her mother. 玛丽越来越喜欢她妈咪了。 You'll soon get to know about the result. 你不久会了解结果的。       Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it． 去国外旅游对这对老夫妇来说当然好，但是还是得看他们是否喜欢。       On the long journey，Peter proved to be a most interesting guide, we all had a wonderful ‎ time． 在这次长途旅行中，彼得证明是一个非常有趣的导游。我们都玩得很尽兴。 5. 它们都可以接介词短语，固定搭配需要一个一个地记。如： The problem will come under discussion. They fell behind the others. What has become of the girl. It's getting near tea-time. You’ll soon grow to like her. 你很快就会喜欢她的。 It’s becoming a serious problem．它正在成为一个严重问题。 The little plant grew into a tree. 幼苗长成了一棵树。 They went out of fashion years ago．它们好多年前已变得不时新了。‎ 第二部分 Multiple choice: 1. What he said sounds_______.       A. nicely                      B. pleasantly                 C. friendly                   D. wonderfully 2. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell_____.       A. well, well                 B. bad, bad                  C. well, badly               D. badly, bad 3. He turned ____ ten years ago but later he became _____.       A. a teacher; a doctor     B. teacher; doctor        C. teacher; a doctor       D. a teacher; doctor 4. The dog _____lost yesterday. ‎ ‎      A. got                       B. became                    C. turned                           D. fall 5. The old man must have ____ mad.       A. gone                      B. turned                           C. fallen                           D. driven 6. I felt ____ that I should leave.       A. strong                           B. strongly                  C. to be strong            D. very strong   7. —Do you like the material? —Yes, it _____ very soft. A. is feeling　 　          B. felt　　                C. feels　　                 D. is felt 8. I am afraid the weather will _____ hot for a few days.    A. last                   B. be lasted                C. stay                     D. be stayed ‎ ‎9. Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health _____ poor. A. proves                   B. remains                 C. maintains               D. continues 10. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It _____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. A. does　 　                B. feels　　                 C. gets　　                  D. makes 11. The cloth that ___________ smooth and soft ___________.     A. feels; sells well       B. feels; is well sold    C. is felt; sells well    D. is felt; sells good 12. ___________ delicious, the food was soon sold out. A. Tasted             B. Being tasted           C. Tasting            D. To taste 13. Happy birthday, Alice! So you ‎ have ____________ twenty-one already.     A. become             B. turned                 C. grown                D. passed 14. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ___________ as the plane was making a landing.     A. seat                   B. seating                         C. seated                  D. to be seating ‎ ‎ 第三部分  升级归纳巩固 ‎ ‎ ‎                     连系动词 连系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。‎ 连系动词（又称系动词） 一 连系动词的类型 可分为六类： 1、状态系动词             2、持续系动词 3、表像系动词             4、感官系动词 5、变化系动词             6、终止系动词　　 状态系动词：只有be一词。如： She is always like that. 她总是那样。 　 　 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如：I hope you’ll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。 　　                   He stayed single. 他仍然是单身。 　 　 表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。如： 　　 He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 　　 He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。 　　 ‎ 感官系动词：表示“……起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等。如： 　　 This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。 　　 He looks honest, but actually he’s a rogue. 他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。 　　They all look alike to me. 他们的模样我看起来都一样。 　　 Everybody feels contented. 每个人都感到很满足。  　 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run 这个不太好理解，多来点例句。 　　 He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 　　 She had grown thinner and thinner. 她越来越瘦了。 　　 His cold was growing worse.‎ ‎ 他的感冒越来越严重了。 　　 She’s growing fat. 她正在发胖。 　　 He’s grown used to it. 他对此已经习惯。 　　 When she saw this, she turned red. 她看到这，脸红了。 　　 His hair turned grey in a few weeks. 在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了。 　　 The milk will soon turn sour. 牛奶很快就会变酸。 　　 Several people fell ill, victims of blood poisoning. 几个人生病了，都是血中毒的受害者。 　　 We get wiser as we get old. 随着年岁的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。 　　 Your hair has gone quite white! 你的头发全白了! 　　 She went pale at the news. 听到这消息，她脸色变得苍白。 　　 When I mentioned it to him he went red. 我对他提及此事时他脸红了。 　　 ‎ He went mad. 他疯了。 　　 The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不能挨饿。  　 终止系动词：主要有prove, turn out(结果是，证明是) 等。如： 　　 His story proved false. 他讲的情况原来是假的。 　　 His advice proved sound. 他的劝告证明是对的。 　　 My intuition turned out to be correct. 我的直觉证明是对的。 二 注意事项 1. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如:feel, taste等词。例如: 　　-Do you like the material? 　　 -Yes, it feels very soft. 　　 2. 一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如: 　　 Be careful when you cross this very busy street.If not, you may get run over by a car. 　　 ‎ ‎3. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的)名词作表语时,不加冠词。例如: 　　Twenty years later, he turned teacher. 　　 The population growth in China remains a problem. 　　 4. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be),常见的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, look等。例如: Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it. 　　               On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time. 　　 ‎ 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。 例:Africa is a big continent.         非洲是个大洲。 　　    That remains a puzzle to me. 　　对我来说，那是一个残余的难题。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 主语 　　是一个句子中所要表达描述的对象。主语可以由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,名词化形容词,分词,从句,短语等来担任。 谓语 　　谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。 表语 ‎ ‎　　表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。 宾语 　　是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任，宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,可以带两个宾语的动词有bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加"to"。 　　有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外，还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任。 ‎ 定语 　　用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。 状语 　　说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词,短语以及从句来担任。‎