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语法专题一 （冠词）
概念：冠词是置于名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种，一种是定冠词(the)，一种是不定冠词(a、an)。
考点一：不定冠词a/an的用法
1、 表示泛指“一（个）或一类”（基本用法）,
如：A plane is a machine. (表一类) He is an office worker. （表一个）
2、 用于序数词前，表示“又一”。
He failed twice, but he still wanted to try a third time.
3、 用在表示价格、速度、比率等名词前，表示“每一”。
three times a day 一天三次 ; 50 yuan a kilo 50元一公斤 ；ten miles an hour一小时10英里
4、固定搭配：have a rest/break , quite a few , go for a walk, make a telephone call…
【中考真题再现】
( )1.—What are you going to be when you grow up?-- teacher like you.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
( )2.---Why do you like Jack?---Because he is honest boy. A. a B. an C. the D.
( )3. –I know you have seen the film. Why did you buy a ticket once more?
--I want to see it .
A. the second time B. a second time C. twice D. two times
( )4. Let’s have break; I want to make telephone call.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the ; a D. the ; the
考点二：不定冠词a/an 的区别
观察下表总结a/an的区别：
Aa
an apple/ an aunt/ an Asian country/ an American girl
Ee
1、a European country
2、an eight-year-old boy/ an egg/ an 11-year-old boy
Ii
an idea/an interesting story
Oo
1、a one-eyed wolf 2、an orange/ an old man/ an outgoing girl
Uu
1、a useful book/ a university/ a UFO/ a usual story
2、an umbrella/ / an uncle/ an unusual story/ an unhappy boy
特别记
1、an hour an honest boy
2、以元音音素开头的字母：an “a, e, ___________________________________,”
口诀记忆：用a用an有规律, 不看 看 ，不见原因(元音)不施恩(n).
【中考真题再现】
( )1.---What do you want to be in the future, Nick? --- I want to be pilot. It is exciting job.
A. a; a B. a; an C. the, an D. a; the
( )2. As we know, England is European country and Singapore is Asian country.
A. an; an B. an; a C. a; a D. a; an
考点三：定冠词the的用法
1、 特指的人或事之前。This is the man we talked about yesterday.
2、 指谈话双方知道的人或事。Take the medicine after meals.
3、 上文已经提及的人或事。There is a new book on the desk. Give me the book.
4、 用在姓氏复数之前，表示一家人或夫妇俩(两人以上) . 如 the Wangs (王一家),the Smiths.
5、 用于西方乐器名词前。play the piano（弹钢琴）/ the violin （切记: play erhu ）
6、 用在形容词最高级前。the best(最好), the most important
7、 用在序数词之前。the first（第一）/ the second…
8、 世上独一无二的天体名词前。the sun/ the moon/ the earth/ the world
9、 用于普通名词构成的专有名词前。（说普通不普通）
the United States, the People’s Republic of China，the Great Wall, the Summer Palace.
(也含用在江河湖海、山脉名词之前。the Yellow River/ the Pacific Ocean)
10、用在“某世纪某年代”前,.
in the 2020s/in the 2020’s (21世纪20年代/本世纪20年代)
11、用在方位及身体部位名词前。 (in) the east(东方).on the right/left. on the head/ in the eye;
12、用在某些形容词前，表一类人（表复数）。 Eg: The rich should help the poor.（富翁们应该帮助穷人）
13、用在习惯用语中，in the morning/afternoon/evening; in the open air（在户外）
【中考真题再现】
( )1. There’s apple on the table. apple is for my little brother.
A. a, An B. an, An C. the, An D. an, The
( )2. ---Who’s that lovely girl? ---You mean girl with long hair? That’s Kate.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )3. ---What useful book it is ! –Yeah, it tells you how to play guitar.
A. an, the B. a, a C. a, the D. an ,a
( )4. We should often help poor. A. a B. / C. the D. an
( )5. are planning to go on vacation.
A. Black’s B. A Black’s C. The Black’s D. The Blacks
考点四：零冠词（不用冠词）的情况
1、 一日三餐、各门学科前。have breakfast/lunch/dinner； chemistry. /English.
2、 球类运动和棋类游戏名词前不加冠词。play basketball/volleyball; play chess,
3、 在星期, 季节,月份,年份、节假日前。On Sunday, in September, in summer , in 1998,on Children’s Day.
4、 在称呼或表示官衔，职位名词前不加冠词。Uncle Wang, Professor Li
5、 在专有名词（人名、地名：国名,城市名，）前不用冠词。Wang Yi（王一）,China, Shanghai,
6、 名词前有this, that, these, those, my, your , some, any, no, every等时，不加冠词。
7、同一个人含有两种职位时，不加冠词。A teacher and writer(老师兼作家)。
8、某些固定词组中，不加冠词：
Eg, at home, by mistake, learn by heart, in sight , day and night, year after year;
at noon， at work，at home，by bus, by air，On foot，from morning till night，at night，
go to school，go to bed，at last
【常考易错点】
１、不定冠词 a，an 的区别
a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前，判断一个词是元音开头，还是辅音开头，是根据其读音，而不是根据其字母。如：
It’s an interesting movie. 它是一部很有趣的电影。
There is an “ h” in the word “ hour” . 单词 hour里面有一个 h。
（１）在 26个字母中，前面用 an 的字母有“ a， e， f， h， i， l，m， n， o， r， s， x” ，其他用 a。
（２）要注意区别以 u 开头的单词
an umbrella， an unusual story， an unhappy boy， a university， a useful book
【速记口诀】
确定用“ a” 还是“ an” ，不看字母看读音：
不见“ 原因（元音） ” 别施“ 恩（n） ” 。
2、有、无定冠词的区别
以下词组中加定冠词 the 或不加冠词时，意义有较大差异。
in hospital
住院
in the hospital
在医院
at table
在吃饭
at the table
坐在桌边
in prison
坐牢
in the prison
在监狱里
in front of
在（……外部的）前面
in the front of
在（……内部的）前部
go to school
上学
go to the school
到那所学校去
go to college
上大学
go to the college
到那所大学去
leave school
毕业
leave the school
离开学校
on earth
究竟
on the earth
在地球上
3、序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别
“ the ＋ 序数词” 表示“ 第几……” ；“ a ＋ 序数词” 表示“ 又一，再一” 。 如：
You are so close to the answer.
Try a second time. 你很接近答案了，再试一次。
4、a number of 与 the number of
a number of 意思是“ 许多”，相当于 a lot of；the number of 意思是“ ……的数目，……的数量 ” ，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：
A number of people come here on vocation in summer. 许多人夏天的时候来这里度假。
The number of the birds is decreasing every year. 每年鸟的数量都在递减。
I.冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划×。
1．There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall．
2．This is _______ useful book．I've read it for _______ hour．
3． _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse．
4． _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day．
5．Let's go out for _______ walk．
6．It's too hot．Open _______ door，please．
7．Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA．．
8． _______ sun rises in _______ east．
9． _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China．
10．Are you going to do it _______ second time？
II. 选择：
( )1.There is ____ “s” in ____ word “bus”. A. a ; a B. an ; the C. a ; the D. an ; a
( )2.Maths is ___ useful subject. You can’t drop it , I think. A. an B. a C. the D. /
( )3.____ bad weather it is! A. How B. What a C. How a D. What
( )4.—What color is ___ orange? --It’s _____ orange.
A. an; an B. an ; the C. an ; / D. / ; an
( )5.Mr. Li is ____ old worker. A. an B. a C. some D. /
( )6.Look at ____ picture! There’s ____ house in it. A. a ; a B. the ; the C. a ; the D. the; a
( )7.One morning he found ____ handbag. There was ___ “s” on the corner of ___ handbag.
A. a ; an ; the B. a ; a ; the C. a ; a ; a D. the ; an ; a
( )8.What ___ interesting story it is! A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )9.Meimei is ___ best student in her class. A. a B. an C. / D. the
( )10.Tom is ___ kind boy. All ___ students love him.
A. a ; / B. a ; the C. an ; / D. an ; the
【中考真题再现】
( ) 1. ---How long does it take us to go to your hometown here?
---It takes us hour or more to go to my hometown by train.
A. an, a B. a, / C. the , the D. an, /
( )2. ---Did you get there by bike? ---No , I took taxi.
A. a, an B./ , a C. the , the D. a, the
( )3. John can play guitar, but he can’t play chess. A. the, / B. /, the C. the, the D. a, a
( )4. From moon, we can see Pacific. A. a, / B. a, the C. the, / D. the , the
( )5. China is not China in the old days. It’s becoming stronger and stronger.
A. A, / B. A, the C. /, the D. The , the
固定搭配:
have a walk散步 have a res t休息 have a look看一看
in a hurry匆匆忙忙 make a face 做鬼脸 do somebody a favour帮某人忙
a number of 许多 the number of….的数目 have a good time玩得愉快
as a rule 通常 as a result 结果 have a cold感冒 have a headache 头痛
in the morning上午 in the sun在阳光下 in the daytime 白天
in the end 最终 on the other hand 另一方面 play the piano 弹钢琴
play football 踢足球 at table在吃饭； at the table在桌子旁
in class在上课； in the class在班级中 by sea 乘船
go to school去上学; go to the school到那所学校去
go to bed上床睡觉; go to the bed到床那边去
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