中考英语专题代词 7页

代词考点讲解和训练 ‎【考点直击】‎ ‎1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；‎ ‎2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；‎ ‎3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；‎ ‎4 常见不定代词的一般用法；‎ ‎5. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；‎ ‎6. 相互代词的基本用法；‎ ‎7. 疑问代词的基本用法。‎ ‎8. 关系代词的基本用法。 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎　 代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。 一. 人称代词 　1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。 ‎ ‎　2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如： 　 I like table tennis. （作主语）‎ Do you know him?（作宾语）‎ ‎3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：‎ ‎---Whos is knocking at the door?‎ ‎---It’s me.‎ ‎4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：‎ He is older than me.‎ He is older than I am. 二. 物主代词 　1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性 物主代词，如下表所示。 ‎ ‎　2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如： 　 Our teacher is coming to see us. 　 This is her pencil-box. 　3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 　　 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语） 　 --- Is this English-book yours? （作表语） 　 --- No. Mine is in my bag. 　 I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语） 三. 指示代词 　 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 ‎ ‎1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those 则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： 　 This is a pen and that is a pencil． 　 We are busy these days． 　 In those days the workers had a hard time．‎ ‎2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲 ‎ 到的事物，例如： 　 I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. 　 What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English．‎ ‎3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： 　 Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai． 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如：‎ ‎ Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?‎ 四. 反身代词 　 英语中用来表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我们自己"，"你们自己"‎ 等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示。 ‎ ‎ 反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。‎ ‎　 1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人 或一些人。 　 He called himself a writer．‎ ‎ 　 Would you please express yourself in English?　‎ ‎2. 作表语。 　 It doesn't matter．I'll be myself soon． 　 The girl in the news is myself． 　 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。 　 I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语） 　 You should ask the teacher himself．（作宾语同位语） 五. 不定代词 　 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表 语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：‎ ‎1. some与any的区别 ‎1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。‎ ‎ Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.‎ ‎ . Some rice in the bag has been sold out.‎ ‎ 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。‎ ‎ If you have any questions, please ask me.‎ ‎ There isn't any orange in the bottle.‎ ‎ Have you got any tea?‎ ‎ 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。‎ ‎ How many people can you see in the picture?‎ ‎ I can't see any.‎ ‎ If you have no money, I'll lend you some.‎ ‎ 注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。‎ ‎2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别 ‎1）用作形容词：‎ ‎ 含义 用法 表示肯定 表示否定 用于可数名词 a few虽少，但有几个 few不多，几乎没有 用于不可数名词 a little，虽少，但有一点 little不多，没有什么 ‎ I'm going to buy a few apples.‎ ‎ He can speak only a little Chinese.‎ ‎ There is only a little milk in the glass.‎ ‎ He has few friends.‎ ‎ They had little money with them.‎ ‎ 2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。‎ ‎ I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)‎ ‎ Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)‎ ‎ Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)‎ ‎ She slept very little last night.‎ ‎3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。‎ 用 法 代名词 形容词 单数 复数 单数 复数 不定 another 另一个 others 别人，其他人 another (boy)‎ 另一个（男孩）‎ other (boys)‎ 其他男孩 特定 the other 另一个 the others 其余那些人、物 the other (boy)‎ 另一个男孩 the other (boys)‎ 其余那些男孩 ‎1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别 的”。‎ ‎ Where are his other books?‎ ‎ I haven't any other books except this one.‎ ‎ 2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。‎ ‎ He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.‎ ‎ She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.‎ ‎ 3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some ...., others ...”句型。‎ ‎ Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.‎ ‎ This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.‎ ‎ 4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。‎ ‎ We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.‎ ‎ In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.‎ ‎5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one.‎ ‎ You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?‎ ‎ Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?‎ ‎ 6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。‎ ‎ I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another.‎ ‎4. every与each的区别。‎ each every ‎1)可单独使用 ‎1)不可单独使用 ‎2)可做代名词、形容词 ‎2)仅作形容词 ‎3)着重“个别”‎ ‎3)着重“全体”，毫无例外 ‎4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物 ‎4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 ‎ The teacher gave a toy to each child.‎ ‎ Each ball has a different colour.‎ ‎ 当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。‎ ‎ Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.‎ Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.‎ ‎5. all和both的用法。‎ ‎1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。‎ ‎ All of us like Mr Pope. 我们都喜欢Pope先生。（作主语）‎ ‎ = We all like Mr Pope. (作同位语)‎ ‎ All the water has been used up. (作主语)‎ ‎ That's all for today. (作表语)‎ ‎ Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)‎ ‎ All the leaders are here. (作定语)‎ ‎ 2）both作代词。‎ ‎①与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。‎ ‎ Lucy and Lily both agree with us.‎ ‎ They both passed on their sticks at the same time.‎ ‎ How are your parents? They're both fine.‎ ‎ ②与“of +代词（或名词）”连用，表示“两者都”。‎ ‎ Both of them came to see Mary.‎ ‎ Both of the books are very interesting.‎ ‎ ③单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。‎ ‎ Michael has two sons. Both are clever.‎ ‎ I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.‎ ‎ 3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。‎ ‎ Both his younger sisters are our classmates.‎ ‎ . There are tall trees on both sides of the street.‎ 六. 相互代词 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。 　 We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语） 　 Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语） 　 We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定语） 　 The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. ‎ ‎（作定语）‎ 七. 疑问代词 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑 问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：‎ Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）‎ What is that? (作表语)‎ Whose umbrella is this? (作定语)‎ Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)‎ 八.关系代词 关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：‎ I hate people who talk much but do little.‎ I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.‎ With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.‎ Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?‎ ‎【实例解析】‎ ‎ 1.Mary, please show ________ your picture.‎ ‎ A. my B. mine C. I D. me ‎ 2. ---What’s on TV tonight? Is there _________ interesting?‎ ‎ ---I’m afraid not.‎ ‎ A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything ‎ 3. ________ of them has his own opinion.‎ ‎ A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each ‎ 4.---Where is my pen?‎ ‎ ---Oh, sorry. I have taken _______ by mistake.‎ ‎ A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers ‎【中考演练】‎ 一. 单项填空 ‎1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.‎ ‎ A. you B. me C. him D. her ‎2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.‎ ‎ A. a little B. little C. a few D. few ‎3. ---You want ________ sandwich?‎ ‎ ---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.‎ ‎ A. other B. another C. others D. the other ‎4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______. ‎ ‎ A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs ‎5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?‎ ‎ ---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.‎ ‎ A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None ‎6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. ---Never mind. You can have ________.‎ ‎ A. us B. ours C. you D. yours ‎7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? ---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None ‎8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term? ---Work harder than last term.‎ ‎ A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself ‎9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for? --Her cousin, Susan.‎ ‎ A. that B. whose C. who D. which ‎10. ---Is _______ here?‎ ‎ ---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.‎ ‎ A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody ‎11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.‎ ‎ A. many B. some C. few D. more ‎12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.‎ ‎ A. more B. other C. the other D. another ‎13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?‎ ‎ ---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?‎ ‎ A. neither B. both C. none D. either ‎14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?‎ ‎ ---No. _______ of them can use a computer.‎ ‎ A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All ‎15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?‎ ‎ A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that ‎16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?‎ ‎ A. another B. other C. one D. the other ‎17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.‎ ‎ A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves ‎18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?‎ ‎ ---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.‎ ‎ A. no B. any C. some D. none ‎19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.‎ ‎ A. me B. my C. mine D. myself ‎20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?‎ ‎ A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs 二. 用所给代词的适当形式填空 ‎1. This is not my pencil-box. _______ ( I ) is in the bag.‎ ‎2. Trees are planted in ______ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.‎ ‎3. ---Is that bike Miss Gao’s?‎ ‎ ---Yes, it is ______(she) . Beautiful, isn’t it?‎ ‎4. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, Jack.‎ ‎5. ---Who taught your brother to surf?‎ ‎ ---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ (he).‎ ‎6. Their English teacher is from America, but ______ (we) is from England.‎ ‎7. Mary’s answer is different from ________ ( I ).‎ ‎8. ---My watch keeps good time. What about _______(you)?‎ ‎ ---Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.‎ ‎9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with ______ (he)?‎ ‎10. Did you enjoy _______ (you), Mary and Kate?‎ 三. 用适当的代词填空 ‎1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _______ is a teacher.‎ ‎2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _______ like ball games.‎ ‎3. Let’s go and have a drink. We’ve got _______ time before the train leaves.‎ ‎4. We were all very tired, but _______ of us would like to have a rest.‎ ‎5. ______ of the twins are in our class.‎ ‎6. Boys, don’t touch the machines, or you may hurt _______.‎ ‎7. It is said there is going to be ________ important in the CCTV news.‎ ‎8. We couldn’t buy anything because _______ of the shops opened at that time.‎ ‎9. They didn’t learn _______ new in this lesson.‎ ‎10. ---Why is ______ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well?‎ ‎ ---Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near ______ country.‎ 四. 用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空 ‎1. ______ is the population of the world today?‎ ‎2. _______ jumped the longest of all in the long jump?‎ ‎3. --- _______ colour is your mother’s dress? --It’s black.‎ ‎4. - --______ is your car? ---The red one in front of the tree.‎ ‎5. ---______ of the following can you often find on a medicine bottle?‎ ‎ ---I know, sir. It’s instruction.‎ ‎6. The necklace ______ she is wearing is beautiful.‎ ‎7. Do you know the person _______ lost his bike?‎ ‎8. Most people _______ live in less developed countries are quite poor.‎ ‎9. The boy ______ is helping the old man is John’s brother.‎ ‎10. People ______ use credit cards to buy things online should be very careful