2015英语中考总复习并列句和复合句句型结构及用法讲解 5页

一、并列句 ‎ 由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫作并列句。常见分类：‎ 1. 表示同等、平行或承接关系，常用连词and，both. . . and，not only. . . but also. . . ，neither. . . nor. . . ，as well as等。‎ 2. 表示转折关系，常用连词but，yet(然而), however(然而), while(而)等。‎ ‎3. 表示选择关系，常见连词or，not. . . but(不是……而是……), either. . . or. . . (要么……要么……)等。‎ ‎4. 表示因果关系，常见连词because, as，for(因为), so等。‎ 二、复合句 ‎ 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫作复合句。从句需由关联词引导。初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。‎ 考点一 状语从句 ‎ 状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，修饰主句中的谓语、形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。‎ 从句类型 从句引导词 例句 时间状语从句 when, while, before, after, until, since, as soon as ‎①He didn’t get home until 9 p. m. last night. ‎ 他直到昨天晚上九点才到家。‎ ‎②I’ll call you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing. ‎ 我一到北京就给你打电话。‎ 条件状语从句 if, unless, as long as You’ll be kept out of the party unless you have an invitation. ‎ 如果没有请柬，您是无法参加这个聚会的。‎ 目的状语从句 so that, in order that The new company gave away lots of ads in order that people can get to know it. 这家新公司散发了大量广告以加强人们对它的了解。‎ 让步状语从句 though/although, ‎ even if, whatever, ‎ wherever, whenever The whole library was in silence, although there were nearly 500 people reading in it. 尽管有将近500人在看书，但整座图书馆却寂静无声。‎ 原因状语从句 because, since, as, for Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting. ‎ 既然大家都到齐了，我们开始开会吧。‎ 结果状语从句 so. . . that, such. . . that Yao Ming plays basketball so well that many Americans have also become his fans. ‎ 姚明篮球打得如此好以至于很多美国人也成了他的粉丝。‎ 比较状语从句 than, as. . . as. . . , not as/so. . . as. . .‎ I’m as old as Bob. ‎ 我和鲍勃年龄一样大。‎ 地点状语从句 where, wherever Where there is a will, there is a way. ‎ 哪里有希望，哪里就有出路。（有志者，事竟成）‎ 状语从句的注意事项 ‎1. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的时态 ‎(1)如果主句使用一般将来时，条件状语从句和时间状语从句中使用一般现在时表示将来的动作 ‎①Your dream must come true if you work hard. ‎ 如果努力，你的梦想一定会实现。‎ ‎②I’m going to be an engineer when I grow up. ‎ 长大后我想成为一名工程师。‎ ‎(2)如果主句使用过去进行时，时间状语从句中一般使用过去时态 We were watching TV when my father got back. ‎ 爸爸回来时我们在看电视。‎ ‎2. 时间状语从句中not. . . until. . . （直到……才……）与before/ after引导的从句的转换。‎ I went to bed after I finished my homework. =I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework. ‎ 直到做完作业我才去睡觉。‎ ‎3. 结果状语从句中的特殊句式 ‎(1)祈使句+and +简单句：祈使句表示条件，and引导的简单句表示在条件的基础上产生的良好结果，前后句意统一 Eat more vegetables and less meat, and you’ll keep in good health. ‎ 多吃菜少吃肉，你会保持健康的。‎ ‎(2)祈使句+or+简单句：祈使句表示条件，or引导的简单句表示在违背条件的基础上可能产生的不良后果，前后句意对立。or在句中表示“否则”，可与if引导的从句进行替换 Keep quiet, or you won’t hear what the teacher says. ‎ ‎=Keep quiet, and you will hear what the teacher says. ‎ ‎=If you don’t keep quiet, you won’t hear what the teacher says. ‎ 保持安静，否则你听不见老师在说什么。‎ ‎(3)so. . . that. . . （如此……以至于……）与too. . . to. . . （太……而不能……）和not. . . enough to. . . （不足以……）句式的转换 He is so young that he can’t look after himself. ‎ ‎=He is too young to look after himself.‎ ‎ =He is not old enough to look after himself. ‎ 他如此年轻以至于他不能照顾自己。 ‎ 考点二 宾语从句 ‎ 一、在主从复合句中作宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。‎ 二、宾语从句的四个考点：‎ 时态 ‎①主句是现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态 ‎②主句是过去时，从句使用过去时的某种形式 ‎③从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时 语序 从句一律用陈述语序，即主语 + 谓语 连接词 ‎①that在从句中作宾语时可以省略；作主语时不能省略 ‎②what, when, where, how, whatever, whenever, wherever, who, whom, whose等特殊疑问词作连接词 ‎③当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，连接词用whether或if，表示是否 人称 一随主，二随宾，三不变 ‎【温馨提示】‎ 当主句谓语动词为think，suppose，guess, believe等词，主语为第一人称，从句表达否定意义时，形式上应否定主句。例如：‎ I don’t think that he is right. 我认为他不对。‎ 考点三 定语从句 ‎ 一、基本构成 ‎1. 定义：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。‎ ‎2. 句式：含有定语从句的复合句基本结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句。‎ 二、关系代词的基本用法 ‎ ‎ 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/ that which/that/省略 whose Do you know the girl who/ that has won the first prize in the singing competition? ‎ 你认识歌咏比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩吗？‎ Many laugh-making stars whose master is Zhao Benshan have become famous these years. ‎ 近年来很多师承赵本山的笑星成名了。‎ ‎【温馨提示】‎ ‎1. 以下情况只用that：‎ ‎(1)先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰 ‎①The Transformers Ⅲ is the greatest movie that I have ever seen. ‎ ‎《变形金钢Ⅲ》是我看过的最棒的一部电影。‎ ‎②The first gift that I got from Uncle Liu was a toy panda. ‎ 我从刘叔叔那里得到的第一件礼物是一只玩具熊猫。‎ ‎(2)先行词前有only，all, any，no，last，just，very等词修饰 Miss Yu seems to be the only teacher that can help us now. ‎ 现在可以帮助我们的老师好像只有于老师了。‎ ‎(3)先行词是something，anything，nothing，everything，little，few， many，all，no，none等 Is there anything that I can do for you? ‎ 我可以为你做点什么？‎ ‎(4)先行词既有人又有物 I love the schools and teachers that give me happiness. ‎ 我喜爱给我带来欢乐的学校和老师。‎ ‎2. 以下情况只用who/ whom: ‎ ‎(1)先行词是anyone, anybody, one, ones, ‎ those等 Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. ‎ 任何违法之人都将受到处罚。‎ ‎(2)在there be结构中，先行词指人时，关系代词用who There are some boys who are playing basketball on the playground. ‎ 操场上有些男孩在打篮球。‎ ‎3. 以下情况只用which：‎ ‎(1)引导词前有介词且先行词指物 This is the house in which I’m living. 这就是我住的房子。‎ ‎(2)非限制性定语从句中 He bought a new computer, which can work faster and better. ‎ 他买了台新电脑，这台电脑可以工作得更快更好。‎ 三、关系副词的基本用法 用 法 例句 when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词是表示时间的名词（year，season，day等）‎ I still remember the days when we worked together. ‎ 我仍然记得我们在一起工作的日子。‎ where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示地点的名词（place，school，room等）‎ This is the school where we once studied. ‎ 这就是我们曾经学习过的学校。‎ why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词 Can you tell me the reason why he hasn’t come here? ‎ 你能告诉我他不来这儿的原因吗？‎ 中考真题 单项选择 ‎1. (2012·达州中考)—Do you enjoy My heart will go on? ‎ ‎—No, I prefer songs _______ loud. ‎ A. that is B. which is C. that are D. what are ‎2. （2012·六盘水中考）—Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday? ‎ ‎—I think we will if we _______ any classes. ‎ A. won’t have B. didn’t have C. don’t have D. aren’t having ‎3. (2012·恩施中考)—I don’t know when _______ tomorrow? ‎ ‎—I will call you as soon as he _______. ‎ A. will he come; arrives B. he will come; arrives C. he will come; will arrive ‎4. （2012·达州中考）—That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing. Do you know _______? ‎ ‎—For 5 years. ‎ A. how soon he will come back B. how long he has stayed there C. how long has he stayed there D. how often does he go there ‎5. （2011·广东中考）The first thing _______ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. ‎ A. which B. that C. why D. who ‎ ‎6. (2011·济南中考)—Julie, do you know _______ yesterday afternoon? ‎ ‎—By bus. I guess. ‎ A. when Mr. Green will get to Quancheng Square B. when will Mr. Green get to Quancheng Square C. how Mr. Green got to Quancheng Square D. how did Mr. Green get to Quancheng Square ‎7. （2011·兰州中考）Jane is one of the students in the class _______ have ever been to China. ‎ A. who B. whose C. which D. whom ‎8. （2011·山西中考）—Mr. Li, I found a watch on the playground. ‎ ‎—You should try to find out _______. ‎ A. whose is the watch B. who is the owner of the watch C. whom does the watch belong to ‎9. （2011·宁波中考）—What a new computer! Can you tell me _______? ‎ ‎— Just the day before yesterday. ‎ A. how much you paid for it B. how much did you pay for it C. when you bought it D. when did you buy it ‎10. （2011·广东中考）—Let’s go fishing if it ______ this weekend. ‎ ‎—But nobody knows if it _______. ‎ A. is fine; will rain B. will be fine; rains C. will be fine; will rain D. is fine; rains ‎11. （2011·呼和浩特中考）—Is there anyone here _______ name is Betty? ‎ ‎—Sorry, I don’t know. ‎ A. who B. which C. whom D. whose ‎12. （2011·临沂中考）The policeman asked the small girl _______. ‎ A. why she was crying B. why was she crying ‎ C. why she is crying D. why is she crying ‎13. （2011·襄阳中考）—Do you know the man _______ is reading the book over there? ‎ ‎—Yes, he’s Mr. Green, our PE teacher. ‎ A. which B. what C. whom D. who ‎14. （2011·温州中考)—Jack, could you tell me _______? ‎ ‎—Sure. In the post office on Green Road. ‎ A. where you bought the stamps B. where did you buy the stamps C. when you bought the stamps D. when did you buy the stamps ‎15. （2011·泰安中考）—Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow. ‎ ‎—Yes. But if it _______, we’ll play chess instead. ‎ A. will rain B. rained C. is raining D. Rains 答案：1-5：CCBBB 6-10:CABCA 11-15:DADAD