透析中考英语被动语态考点 6页

透析中考英语被动语态考点 ‎ 被动语态是中考的常考考点，其考查形式灵活，考查内容隐蔽，要求准确把握时态，并能在不同的场景中灵活区分和运用。学习中要反复在时态的变化中灵活运用被动语态结构，学会用be动词来满足各时态对谓语动词的要求及变化形式。‎ ‎ 一、中考常考时态的被动语态 ‎ 被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，be随时态的变化而变化，中考对被动语态的考查通常从以下几种时态入手。‎ ‎ 1.一般现在时。‎ ‎ 表示现在或经常发生的被动动作时，用一般现在时的被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)”构成。‎ ‎ 【考例1】－Don't smoke here, Dad. Smoking in public places. ( 2015年福建卷)‎ ‎ －Oh, sorry. I’11 stop right now.‎ ‎ A. isn't allowed ‎ B. aren't allowed ‎ C. down't allow ‎ 解析:A。根据句意可知要用一般现在时的被动语态，根据被动语态结构be+动词过去分词，排除C，再根据单复数排除B。‎ ‎ 【考例2】 Hangzhou as the city of silk .Tourists like shopping for silk there.‎ ‎(2017年河北卷)‎ ‎ A .knows ‎ B. is known ‎ C. was known ‎ D. will be known ‎ 解析:B。句中Hangzhou是动作的承受者。杭州作为丝绸城市是客观存在的，谓语用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎ 2.一般过去时。‎ ‎ 表示过去某个时候发生的被动动作，用一般过去时的被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态由“was / were十及物动词的过去分词((+by十实施者)”构成。‎ ‎ 【考例1】－Quite a few new laws and rules on food safety into use last month.‎ ‎(2017年宜昌卷)‎ ‎ －Can you tell me what they are?‎ ‎ A. were putting ‎ B. have been put ‎ C. were put ‎ D. put ‎ 解析:C。承受者作主语，一般要考虑用被动语态。又因为时间状语是last month，可知谓语用一般过去时态的被动语态，故可排除A,B,D项。‎ ‎ 【考例2 】 The mobile phone in 1973. (2017北京)‎ ‎ A. invents ‎ B. is invented ‎ C. invented ‎ D. was invented ‎ 解析:D。该题主语是“The mobile phone” ,谓语动词为“invent”。“手机”‎ 6‎ 不能主动发出“发明”的动作，只能“被发明”，确定该题选择被动语态。再根据句尾的时间状语“in 1973”可知该题用一般过去时态的被动语态结构。‎ ‎ 3.一般将来时。‎ ‎ 表示从现在看将来发生的被动动作，用一般将来时的被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态由“will / shall be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)或am / is / are going to be+及物动词的过去分词(+by+实施者)”构成。‎ ‎ 【考例1 】 Let's wait and see whether books by the Internet in the future. ( 2017年天津卷)‎ ‎ A. replace ‎ B. replaced ‎ C. will be replaced ‎ D. were replaced ‎ 解析:C。本题综合考查时态和语态在宾语从句中的应用。主句“Let's wait and see”用一般现在时态，宾语从句根据by the Internet和in the future可知用一般将来时态的被动语态。‎ ‎ 【考例2 】 A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week.‎ ‎ A. given ‎ B. will be given ‎ C. has been given ‎ D. gives ‎ 解析:B 。 “A talk”应是被给的，再根据next week，可知本空用一般将来时态的被动语态。‎ ‎ 4.现在完成时。‎ ‎ 表示在过去某个时候发生的被动动作一直延续到现在，且该动作的结果对现在造成影响，此时用现在完成时的被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态由“has / have been+及物动词的过去分词(+by十实施者)”构成。‎ ‎ 【考例】 －Great changes have taken place in this city.‎ ‎ －Right. Many modern tall buildings have been these days.‎ ‎ A. turned up ‎ B. put up ‎ C. shown up ‎ D. fixed up ‎ 解析:B。句中已表明是现在完成时态，现在完成时态的被动语态结构为have/has been+‎ 及物动词的过去分词，put up有建造的意思，put的过去分词和原形一样，故答案选B。‎ ‎ 5.情态动词。‎ ‎ 情态动词用于被动结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词。‎ ‎ 【考例】－Life is becoming convenient with the Internet.(2017宜昌)‎ ‎ －That's true! Almost everything be done online.‎ ‎ A. must ‎ B. would ‎ C. should ‎ D. can ‎ 解析:D。现实生活中并不是所有的事情都能在网上完成，故选D。‎ ‎ 二、被动语态的特殊类型 6‎ ‎ 1.在被动语态中，有时用get/become代替be，构成“get / become+过去分词”结构，这种用法多用于口语中，其后通常不跟by+实施者，它表示一种结果或状态，而非动作。‎ ‎ 【考例】－Do you offer clean your classroom?‎ ‎ －Yes, our classroom every day.‎ ‎ A. cleaned ‎ ‎ B. are cleaned ‎ C. has cleaned ‎ D. becomes cleaned ‎ 解析:D。根据every day可确定用一般现在时，可排除A,C，再根据get/become代替be,构成“get / become+过去分词”，可排除B,根据主语是单数形式也可以排除B。‎ ‎ 2.含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语比较多。‎ ‎ My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.→I was given a present on my birthday.‎ ‎ 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说:‎ ‎ A present was given to me on my birthday.‎ ‎ 注意:一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如:bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。‎ 例如:‎ ‎ The cup with mixture was showed to the class.‎ ‎ My bike was lent to her.‎ ‎ 【考例1】A beautiful picture the children in the classroom.‎ ‎ A. was shown to ‎ B. was shown ‎ C. were shown to ‎ D. were shown ‎ 【答案】A。‎ ‎ 【考例2】 A nice gift her daughter on her last birthday.‎ ‎ A. is bought ‎ B. was bought ‎ C. was bought for ‎ D. was bought to ‎ 【答案】C。‎ ‎ 3.主动语态中省略带to的动词的句子在改为被动语态后动词前要加上to。例如:‎ ‎ He made the boy work for two hours yesterday. →The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.‎ ‎ 【考例1】At last the boy was made and began to laugh.‎ ‎ A. stop crying ‎ B. to stop to cry ‎ C. to stop crying ‎ D. stop to cry ‎ 【答案】C。‎ ‎ 【考例2】These children dance.‎ ‎ A. were seen to 6‎ ‎ B. were seen for ‎ C. were seen ‎ D. saw to ‎ 【答案】A。‎ ‎ 4.常见的固定句型结构如下:‎ ‎ It is ( was ) agreed ( believed/decided/hoped/thought... )that…大家同意(相信、决定、希望、认为)……‎ ‎ It is ( was ) well known that…众所周知……‎ ‎ It is ( was ) taken for granted that…被视为当然……‎ ‎ It must be remembered that…务必记住……‎ ‎ It mustn't be forgotten that…千万别忘记……‎ ‎ It is(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested ) that…据说(报道、听说、告知、建议)……‎ ‎ 5.不用被动语态的情况，常见的有:连系动词feel, get, grow等后不用被动语态;短暂性动词appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, stand等后不用被动语态。当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语有:fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。‎ ‎ 三、自我检测 ‎ 从所给选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ ‎ 1.－Would you like to go to the beach with me?‎ ‎ －I'd love to . But I to give a speech about the environment.‎ ‎ A. is asked B. was asked ‎ C. asked D. ask ‎ 2. It' s not your turn yet. Please wait on the chair over there until you .‎ ‎ A. are calling B. have called C. are called ‎ 3.－Waiter, a glass of orange juice, please.‎ ‎ －Sorry. Orange juice only for breakfast.‎ ‎ A. will serve B. serves C. is served ‎ 4.－I want to teach in the poor countryside of Qinghai when I graduate from the college.‎ ‎ －Me, too. Teachers very much there.‎ ‎ A. need B. are needing ‎ C. are needed D. needed ‎ 5.－Can Mr. King spare some time for the meeting?‎ ‎ －If he ，he will try his best to make it.‎ ‎ A. will be invited B. is invited ‎ C. invites D. invited ‎ 6. People in Urumqi are glad that the subway by the end of the year 2017.‎ ‎ A. will complete ‎ B. will be completed ‎ C. has completed ‎ D. is completed ‎ 7.－Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.‎ ‎ －I'm sorry, but I when to meet.‎ 6‎ ‎ A. don't tell ‎ B. didn't tell ‎ C. haven't told ‎ D. wasn't told ‎ 8.Many old houses around our school next year and a large green area will appear.‎ ‎ A. pull down ‎ B. will be pulled down ‎ C. will pull down ‎ D. are pulled down ‎ 9.－My watch .‎ ‎ －Don't worry. Let's go to the Lost & Found.‎ ‎ A. is lost B. is broken ‎ C. has found D. has stopped ‎ 10.－Did you go to Sam's weekend party?‎ ‎ －No, I .‎ ‎ A. am not invited B. wasn't invited ‎ C. haven't invited D. didn't invite ‎ 11.－How often your school sports meeting ?‎ ‎ －Once a year.‎ ‎ A. does; hold ‎ B. was; hold ‎ C. is; held ‎ D. did; hold ‎ 12.On May 30th, one bowl in the Ming dynasty(明朝) at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars.‎ ‎ A. sell B. sold ‎ C. is sold D. was sold ‎ 13.The " Thousand- hand Guanyin" by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.‎ ‎ A. has been regarded ‎ B. are regarded ‎ C. has regarded ‎ D. regards ‎ 14.－Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.‎ ‎ －Yes, they in Hangzhou.‎ ‎ A. painted ‎ B. were painting ‎ C. were painted ‎ D. had painted ‎ 15.－Don't litter the ground, boy. Look at the sign: "Rubbish into the dustbin."‎ ‎ －Sorry.‎ ‎ A. has throw ‎ B. was throw ‎ C. must throw 6‎ ‎ D. must be thrown ‎1-5 BCCCB 6-10 BDBAB 11-15 CDACD 6‎