中考英语情态动词用法总结 8页

情 态 动 词 ‎ ‎（一）情态动词概说 ‎ ‎ 1．情态动词也是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词所表示的情态有：请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。‎ ‎ 2．情态动词本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，必须与动词一起构成谓语。没有人称和数的变化。如：‎ ‎3．有些情态动词的过去时与其原形相同，有些与原形不同。‎ ‎ (1) 与原形相同的有：‎ ‎ must --- must ‎ ‎ (2) 与原形不同的有：‎ ‎ can --- could will --- would ‎ may --- might shall --- should ‎ need --- needed have to --- had to ‎ ‎（二）情态动词的种类：（见下表）‎ 原 形 过去式 词 义 can could 能 may might 可以（或许）‎ must（have to）‎ must(had to)‎ 必须（不得不）‎ will would 愿意 shall should 应该 need needed 需要 used to ‎ 情态动词的否定式为：情态动词+not ‎（三）常用情态动词的用法：‎ ‎1．can与could ‎（1）表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。当表示将来的能力时，一般用will be able to；当表示过去的能力时，一般用could。‎ ‎ Can you jump as far as he did? ‎ ‎ I can’t catch up with Jim. ‎ ‎ I couldn’t speak well until I was five years.‎ ‎ can与be able to二者都表示“能够”，区别是：can只有现在时和过去式，而be able to可用于各种时态。如：‎ ‎ I’ll be able to speak French in half a year. ‎ ‎ He hasn’t been able to finish it on time. ‎ ‎（2）表示允许。‎ ‎①could比can更委婉，表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见，这种用法多用于陈述句和疑问句中。‎ ‎ You can go now. ‎ Could you go skating with me tomorrow? ‎ ‎ I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer tonight.‎ ‎②当表示允许别人做某事时，用can而不用could。‎ ‎——Could I use your phone for a while?‎ ‎——Yes, of course you can.‎ ‎（3）表示可能性。‎ ‎ ①理论上的可能性 ‎ It can’t be true.‎ ‎ Driving on these snowy roads can be very dangerous.‎ ‎②用于疑问句及否定句中，表示猜测或怀疑。这时can 与could没有时间上的差异，只是could更委婉、客气。‎ ‎ How can that be true? I can’t believe my eyes and ears.‎ ‎ He couldn’t be in Beijing.‎ ‎ ③can/could have done 表示对过去发生的事情的推测。can have done主要用于疑问句和否定句中。‎ ‎ Mary can’t have gone to school, for it is Sunday today.‎ ‎ She could have told Jim yesterday about the delay of the party.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．may与might ‎（1）表示请求、许可。‎ ‎①may 和might表示许可时，比 can和 could更正式。might含有试探和犹豫不决的意思。Might表示委婉地请求。‎ ‎—May/Might I use your dictionary? ‎ ‎—Yes, please/certainly.‎ Might I ask you a question?‎ We didn’t know that he might be our new teacher. ‎ ‎②may not用来表示拒绝或禁止，而might没有该用法。‎ ‎ Students may not stay out after midnight.‎ ‎（2）表示可能性、推测 might不是may的过去式，表示可能性比may表示的可能性要小。May不用于提问是否可能的疑问句。‎ ‎ I may leave for Hangzhou next week. ‎ I’m afraid it might snow tomorrow.（可能性小）‎ ‎★在表示可能性时，may not意为“可能不”，can’t意为“不可能”‎ He may come or may not come. I’m not too sure. 他可能来，也可能不来。我不确定。‎ He can’t believe you. 他不可能相信你。‎ ‎（3）may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。‎ ‎ May you do well! ‎ May you have a good time!‎ ‎3．must和have to ‎ have to 的各种形式 ‎ 各种形式 时态 肯定式 否定式 疑问式 现在时 have to don’t/doesn’t have to Do you/they…?Does she/he….?‎ 将来时 will have to will not have to Will you/he have to….?‎ 完成时 have had to have not had to Have you/they/he/…..had to….?‎ 过去时 had to didn’t have to Did she/they have to….?‎ ‎（1）表示义务 ‎①两者都表示义务。must表示依谈话人或听话人而定的义务，即主观的；have to表示来自外界的义务，即客观的。‎ ‎ Soldiers must obey orders.‎ ‎ The children have to get up early to catch the first bus, because the school is too far.‎ ‎②must仅表示现在或将来的义务，过去的义务用had to。‎ ‎ The boy got very emotional when I had to leave, and started to cry.‎ ‎③mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”；don’t/doesn’t have to表示“不必”。‎ ‎ All these books mustn’t be moved.‎ ‎ You don’t have to/ needn’t/ don’t need to tell him the truth if you don’t want to.‎ ‎（2）must表示可能性 ‎①must在肯定句中表示肯定的推测：一定。在否定句或疑问句中，要用can’t和can。‎ He must be our new teacher.‎ He can’t be our new teacher.‎ What do you think this letter can mean?‎ ‎②表示对现在的猜测用must，表示对过去发生事情的猜测用must have done。在否定句或疑问句中，要用can’t/can have done。‎ ‎ He must be at home.（对现在的猜测）‎ ‎ I think you must have made a mistake.（对过去的猜测）‎ ‎ I think you can’t have made a mistake.‎ ‎(3)must表示偏要、偏偏 ‎ 在疑问句中，must可以用来表示一个人较强烈的感情。‎ ‎ Why must it rain on Sunday? 为什么偏要在星期天下雨呢？‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．will与would ‎（1）表示意愿、决心。此时可用于各种人称。would表示过去式 ‎ He won’t come to see you.他不愿来见你。（表示意愿）‎ I will try my best to catch up with her.我将尽最大努力赶上她。（表示决心）‎ He said he would do everything for her, but she said she would never see him again. （表示过去的决心）‎ ‎（2）表示请求，此时仅限于“will you (please)…？”句型中，仅用于第二人称和疑问句中。would比will语气更委婉。‎ ‎ Will you please buy me an English-Chinese dictionary when you go to the bookstore?‎ Will you have some rice? ‎ Would you open the door?‎ ‎(3) will和would用于“劝某人接受……”时，只能用some，不能用any。如：‎ ‎ Would you like some fish? 吃点鱼好吗？ ‎ ‎5．shall与should ‎(1) shall的用法 ‎①用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。表示“要不要……？”、“……好吗？”‎ Shall we/I put off the sports meet until next month? 我/我们能将运动会推迟到下个月吗？‎ Shall he go there with me tomorrow? 他明天可以和我一起去吗？‎ ‎②用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告等。‎ You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow. 许诺 You shall be punished for what you’ve done. 警告 ‎③用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示“应该、必须”。‎ The National Party Congress shall be held every five years. 党的全国代表大会每五年举行一次。‎ ‎（2）should的用法 ‎①“应该”，表示劝告或建议（=ought to）‎ ‎ You should wash your hands before dinner. 你应该在饭前洗手。‎ ‎ We should help each other. ‎ ‎②用来表示可能性或猜测，译为“应该、按道理说应该”‎ ‎ He should be in the office now. ‎ ‎ I should be right. ‎ ‎③表示说话人的情感等，如惊奇、愤怒、失望。‎ ‎ It’s funny that they should be confident.（表示轻视）‎ ‎ Why should I do that for you?（表示不满）‎ ‎④should have done表示某件事本应该完成却未完成；shouldn’t have done则表示某事不该发生却发生了。‎ ‎ You should have told us the truth.（应该告诉却没有）‎ ‎ He should have known the importance of it.应该知道却不知道）‎ ‎ We shouldn’t have left so early.（不应该早出来，可已经做了） ‎ ‎6．need ‎ need作情态动词和实义动词的用法区别：‎ ‎ 动词形式 各种形式 情态动词 实义动词 肯定式 You need to be careful.‎ 否定式 You needn’t be so worried.‎ You don’t need to be careful.‎ 肯定疑问式 Need I say my telephone number again?‎ Does he need to come here now?‎ 否定疑问式 Needn’t he come again?‎ Need he not come again?‎ 他不必再来了吗？‎ Doesn’t he need to come here?‎ Does he not need to come here?‎ ‎（1）need作情态动词 ‎①need意思是“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和条件句中。‎ You needn’t come so early. ‎ I’ll lend Peter the money if he need use it right now.‎ ‎② need引导的疑问句，肯定回答时多用must，否定回答时用needn’t。‎ ‎ Need he come? ‎ ‎ Yes, he must.‎ No, he needn’t.‎ ‎(2) need作实义动词 ‎①need后接名词做宾语时，表示“需要”某件事物，此时用作实义动词，与一般的实义动词用法完全一样，有人称和数的变化。如：‎ ‎ We need three apples. ‎ ‎ He doesn’t need so many books. ‎ ‎②need后接带to的动词不定式时，表示“需要干某事”，与一般的实义动词用法完全一样，有人称和数的变化。‎ ‎ I need to go to Beijing this Sunday.‎ ‎ Does he need to leave his telephone number? Yes, he needs to. / No, he doesn’t need to.‎ ‎（3）needn’t have done表示本没有必要做某事而做了 I actually needn’t have bought so much wine-only three guests came. 其实我当初没有必要买这么多酒，只来了三个客人。‎ ‎7．had better ‎ 主要用于表示劝告或建议，had better后接动词原形。you’d better译为“你最好…”，含有一种“命令”的口气。故下级对上级、晚辈对长辈不适宜用这种结构。‎ You had better see a doctor.‎ ‎ You had better not quarrel with your students whatever happens. (had better的否定式)‎ ‎ Had I better not tell anyone about today’s discussion? （疑问句）‎ ‎ Had I not better tell anyone about today’s discussion?‎ Hadn’t I better tell anyone about today’s discussion?‎ ‎8. used to ‎ ‎①used to 表示“过去常常、过去是”，没有人称和数的变化，可以与过去的时间状语连用。‎ He used to work in a hospital, didn’t he/ usedn’t he ?‎ ‎②否定形式为usedn’t to 或didn’t use to。‎ He didn’t use to be so careless. 他过去没这么粗心。‎ He usedn’t to be so careless.‎ ‎③一般疑问句形式是将used提到主语前或用Did ….use to的结构。‎ ‎ Did she use to be a waitress?‎ Used she to be a waitress?‎ 练习检测 ‎ ‎1. Nobody _____ do it. Let me _____ .‎ ‎ A. can, try B. can’t, to try C. can, to try D. can’t, trying ‎2. “ _____ you like ______ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.”‎ ‎ A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some ‎3. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _____.”‎ ‎ A. needn’t B. may not C. can’t D. mustn’t ‎4. “ _____ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.”‎ ‎ A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall ‎5. I _____ see the words on the blackboard. _____ you write a bit clearly?‎ ‎ A. mustn’t, Can B. don’t, will C. can’t, Can D. needn’t, Could ‎6. It’s a sunny day today. You ______ take a raincoat with you.‎ ‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can ‎7. I’ve looked for my pen everywhere, but I ______ find it.‎ ‎ A. couldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. didn’t ‎8. “ ____ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.”‎ ‎ A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall ‎9. —Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?‎ ‎ — ________________________.‎ ‎ A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall ‎ C. Yes, you will D. All right ‎10. —— Mr. John, we must hand in our homework today, ______?‎ ‎ —— No, you _____. But you must bring it to school tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. needn't we；mustn't B. mustn't we；needn't ‎ C. mustn't you；mustn't D. needn't we；needn't ‎11. —— _____ I take the newspaper away ?‎ ‎ —— No, you mustn't. You _____ read it only here.‎ ‎ A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must ‎12. --- Must I stay at home and take care of her?‎ ‎ --- No, you ________.‎ ‎ A. mustn't 　　　　　B. won't　　　　 C. can't　　　　 D. needn't ‎ ‎13. --- Can you mend a TV set?‎ ‎ --- No, I ______________.‎ ‎ A. mustn't B. can't C. may not D. needn't ‎14. --- Whose guitar is this？ ‎ ‎ --- ________________________.‎ ‎ A. It must Ali’s. B. It might belong to Ali’s. ‎ ‎ C. It must Ali D. It might belong to Ali.‎ need, needn’t, can, can’t, shall, shouldn’t ‎ may, must, mustn’t, have to, would ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎15. I _____ show him the way, ______I?‎ ‎16. Can you answer this question in French? No, I________.‎ ‎17. May I keep the book for three weeks? No, you ______ .‎ ‎18. Nobody _____ live without air or water.‎ ‎19. You _____ not worry. Everything will be all right.‎ ‎20. — _____ I have some chocolates now?‎ ‎ —No, you mustn’t.‎ ‎21. Children _______ be left alone.‎ ‎22. I ____ finish my homework before I go to bed.‎ ‎23. ______we go out for a walk? That’s a good idea.‎ ‎24. _______you like some fish?‎ 答案解析: ‎ ‎1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D ‎10.由must构成的疑问句，肯定回答：Yes, you must.否定回答：No, you needn't。本题既是反意疑问句，又要做否定回答故选B。‎ ‎11. 表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方提建议、邀请等，可用“May I…？”句型，故答案选B。‎ ‎12.对由情态动词must引起的一般疑问句的肯定回答用“Yes,...must.”否定回答用“No,...needn’t.”所以此题答案应选D。‎ ‎13. can表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的 “能力”。由can引起的一般疑问句，肯定回答是“Yes, I can. ” 否定回答是“No, I can’t. ”。所以答案应选B。‎ ‎14. 选D,其他三项格式不对 ‎15. needn’t, must 16. can’t ‎17. mustn’t 18. can ‎19. need 20. May ‎21. shouldn’t 22. have to ‎23. shall 24. would ‎