2018河南中考专项复习之动词精讲精练有答案 24页

‎【基础知识巩固】‎ ‎【基础知识巩固】‎ ‎【基础知识巩固】‎ ‎【基础知识巩固】‎ ‎【基础知识巩固】‎ ‎【基础知识巩固】‎ ‎【基础知识巩固】‎ ‎1） 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2） 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。 说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如： 　　 We are having a meeting.　 我们正在开会。　 （having是实义动词。） 　　He has gone to New York.　他已去纽约。 （has是助动词。） 3） 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。   说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： 　She can dance and sing. 　她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） 　She can sing many English songs. 　她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） 4） 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如： 　She sings very well. 　她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。） 　She wants to learn English well. 　她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。 说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。 5)　根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如： 　 The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 　 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。） 　 Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 　 学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。） 　 The young ought to take care of the old. 　 年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。） 6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。   5.1 系动词 系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 说明： 有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如： 　　 He fell ill yesterday.　 　　他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。） 　　 He fell off the ladder.　 　　他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。 1）状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher.　他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always kept silent at meeting.　 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery.　 此事仍是一个谜。 3）表像系动词 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired.　 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad.　 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： 　This kind of cloth feels very soft.　 　 这种布手感很软。 　This flower smells very sweet.　 　这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词 　 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： 　　He became mad after that.　 自那之后，他疯了。 　　She grew rich within a short time.　 她没多长时间就富了。 6）终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如： 　　The rumor proved false.　这谣言证实有假。 　　The search proved difficult.　搜查证实很难。 　　His plan turned out a success.　 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）   5.2 什么是助动词   1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。‎ 助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如： 　　 He doesn't like English.　他不喜欢英语。 （doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义) 2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来： 　 a. 表示时态，例如： 　　　He is singing.　他在唱歌。 　　　He has got married.　他已结婚。 　 b. 表示语态，例如： 　　　He was sent to England.　他被派往英国。 　 c. 构成疑问句，例如： 　　　Do you like college life?　你喜欢大学生活吗？ 　　　Did you study English before you came here?　 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？ 　 d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如： 　　　I don't like him.　 我不喜欢他。 　 e. 加强语气，例如： 　　　Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。 　　　He did know that.　 他的确知道那件事。 3） 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would   5.3 助动词be的用法   1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态，例如： They are having a meeting.　他们正在开会。 English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。 2)　be + 过去分词，构成被动语态，例如： The window was broken by Tom..　窗户是汤姆打碎的。 English is taught throughout the world.　世界各地都教英语。 3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容： 　a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如： 　　 He is to go to New York next week..　他下周要去纽约。 　　 We are to teach the freshpersons.　我们要教新生。 　　说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。 　b. 表示命令，例如： 　　You are to explain this.　对此你要做出解释。 　　He is to come to the office this afternoon.　要他今天下午来办公室。 　c.　征求意见，例如： 　　How am I to answer him?　我该怎样答复他？ 　　Who is to go there?　谁该去那儿呢？ 　d. 表示相约、商定，例如： 　　We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.　我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。   5.4 助动词have的用法   1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态，例如： 　　He has left for London.　他已去了伦敦。 　　By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.　 　　上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。 2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时，例如： 　 I have been studying English for ten years. 　 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。 3）have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态，例如： 　 English has been taught in China for many years. 　 中国教英语已经多年。   5.5 助动词do 的用法   1） 构成一般疑问句，例如： 　 Do you want to pass the CET?　你想通过大学英语测试吗？ 　 Did you study German?　你们学过德语吗？ 2） do + not 构成否定句，例如： 　 I do not want to be criticized.　 我不想挨批评。 　 He doesn't like to study.　 他不想学习。 　 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.　过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。 3)　构成否定祈使句，例如： 　Don't go there.　不要去那里。 　Don't be so absent-minded.　不要这么心不在焉。 说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。 4） 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如： 　Do come to my birthday party.　一定来参加我的生日宴会。 　I did go there.　我确实去那儿了。 　I do miss you.　我确实想你。 5） 用于倒装句，例如： 　Never did I hear of such a thing.　 我从未听说过这样的事情。 　Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。 说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。 6） 用作代动词，例如： 　---- Do you like Beijing?　--你喜欢北京吗？ 　---- Yes, I do.　--是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.） 　He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 　他知道如何开车，对吧？   5.6 助动词shall和will的用法 ‎  shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如： 　　　I shall study harder at English.　 我将更加努力地学习英语。 　　　He will go to Shanghai.　　他要去上海。 说明： 　在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较: 　He shall come.　他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。） 　He will come.　他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）   5.7 助动词should,would的用法   1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如： 　 I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 　 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。 比较： 　 "What shall I do next week?"　I asked. 　 "我下周干什么？"我问道。（可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。） 2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如： 　　 He said he would come.　 他说他要来。 比较： 　　 "I will go," he said. 他说："我要去那儿。" 　　　变成间接引语，就成了： 　　　He said he would come.　 　　 原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。   5.8 短语动词   动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。例如： 　　Turn off the radio.　把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词） 短语动词的构成基本有下列几种： 1） 动词+副词，如：black out； 2） 动词+介词，如：look into； 3） 动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词（Particle）。   5.9 非谓语动词   在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。 1）不定式 时态语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　 　一般式　　　　to do　　　　　 to be done 　 完成式　　　 to have done　　to have been done   2）动名词 时态语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　 　一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done 　完成式　　　　having done　　having been done   3）分词 时态语态　　　 主动　　　　　　被动　　　　　　　　　 　一般式　　　　doing　　　　　being done 　完成式　　　　having done　　having been done　 　　   　　否定形式： not +不定式，　not + 动名词，　not + 现在分词 ‎【典型例题讲解】‎ ‎1. He was wearing a pair of sunglasses and I didn’t _____him at first.‎ A. advise B. promise C. recognise D. hear ‎2. ---Liu Ming, is that our headmaster Miss Chen over there ?‎ ‎-- It can’t be her . She _______Xiamen for a meeting.‎ ‎ A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away ‎ ‎3. –This is quite a new phrase.‎ ‎--Right. It has already ____the language.‎ A. spoken B. used C. entered D. covered[来源:1]‎ ‎4.—How’s now?‎ ‎--I hear the company ______ him a very good job, but he turned it down.‎ A. donated B. served C. offered D. introduced ‎5. The boy said no, so the monster breathed on the road and made it disappear.‎ A. replied B. refused C. relaxed D. regarded ‎6.—Could I use your bike? Mine is broken.‎ ‎—Certainly. But please ______it back soon. I need it this afternoon.‎ ‎ A. give B. lend C. borrow D. keep ‎[来源:Z+xx+k.Com]‎ ‎7.—What are you listening to?‎ ‎—A song by Huo Zun. It ______ beautiful. ‎ A. tastes B. sounds C. looks D. smells ‎8.【2019年安徽省中考】 Mum, what are you cooking? It_______ so sweet. A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells[来源:学_X_X_K]‎ ‎9.I don't _______ the heat, for I'm used to hot weather A. like B. mind C. know D. stand[来源:1]‎ ‎10. He is an honest boy. I have no reason to _______ what he said.[来源:1][来源:学#科#A. hear B. doubt C. repeat D. believe ‎11. ---Would you mind not_____ noise? Alice is sleeping. –---Sorry, I didn’t know. I________ she was awake.‎ A. make, think B. making, thought C. making, think D. make, thought ‎ ‎12. —I’m sorry I ________ my exercise book at home this morning.‎ ‎—It doesn’t matter. Don’t forget ________ it here this afternoon.‎ A. left; to take B. forgot; bringing C. left; to bring D. forgot; to bring ‎13.【---How long may I ____ your dictionary? ---For one week. But it mustn’t ______ to others.‎ A. keep, be lent B. borrow, lend ‎ ‎ C. lend, be borrowed D. have, borrow ‎ ‎14. Look, the set of keys on the teacher's desk.‎ A. are B. were C. is D. was ‎15. —How do you like the fish I cooked for you?‎ ‎ —I haven’t had it yet. However, it ________ good.‎ ‎ A. smells B. tastes C. sounds D. feels ‎16. I ________ ＄300 for the bike. ‎ ‎ A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid ‎17. People were excited when they saw “Monkey King” 2019 the Yellow River Estuary (入海口，河口) International Marathon.‎ A. losing B. running C. refusing D. forgetting [来xxk.Com]‎ ‎18. The students ought to wear school uniforms when they’re at school.[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]‎ ‎ A. are supposed to B. are allowed to C. would like to D. love to ‎ ‎19. Don’t forget ______ thanks when other people help you. ‎ A. accept B. to accept C. say D. to say ‎ ‎20. Mom is cooking dinner. It ______ so nice. ‎ A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds [来源:学&网]‎ ‎21. Choosing the right circle of the friends will ____ us a lot of troubles, heartaches and possibly a life of deep regret.‎ A. save B. share C. keep D. bring ‎22. We all know that learning a foreign language _______ time and effort.‎ ‎ A. requires B. reduces C. removes D. repeats ‎23. - What do you think of your school, Linda? - It's a good place for us to ________ ourselves for the future.‎ ‎ A. promise B. prove C. prepare D. present ‎24.—Smart phones are more and more popular now. ‎ ‎—So they are. But they still ________ too much. [来源:学#科#网]‎ A. pay B. cost C. take D. spend ‎【随堂练习巩固】‎ 专题05 词组或短语（第01期）‎ ‎1. Mum wants to watch the CCTV news. Let’s ___________the TV.‎ A. turn down 　 B. turn on 　 C. turn off ‎2. He told the interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes.‎ A. put away B. turned off C. taken out D. used up ‎3. - Why are you in such a hurry?‎ ‎- I studied very hard for my math exam last night, so I slept late.‎ A. stayed up late B. didn’t go to bed C. got up late D. went to bed late[来源4. - Another good idea! And we could each call up ten people and ask them to come.‎ ‎- Hey, we’re ______ a lot of good ideas, aren’t we?‎ A. getting along with B. coming up with ‎ C. catching up with D. doing well in ‎5. - Tina, breakfast is ready. Dad cooked it for us.‎ ‎- It can’t have been Father. He ______ early on Sundays.‎ A. always gets up B. often got up C. had got up D. never gets up[来源:学6. The old man was so_______ the good news that he couldn’t say a word.‎ A. interested in B. excited about C. afraid of D. worried about ‎7．——Don’t _______late, Mary. You have a singing competition tomorrow morning.‎ ‎ ——Ok, dad, I’ll go to bed right now.‎ A. dress up B. grow up C. stay up D. mix up ‎8. We should think of others if we want to ________them.‎ A. get on well with B. hear of ‎ ‎ C. get ready for D. hear from[来源:学&科&网]‎ ‎9.—Let’s visit the sick children in hospital and ______.‎ ‎ —OK, let’s go. ‎ A. put them up B. set them up C. fix them up D. cheer them up ‎10. —Mom, I’m afraid I can’t win the competition.[来源:Z#xx#k.Com]‎ ‎—Believe in yourself, my boy, and tell yourself ______.[来源:学.科.网]‎ A. to give up B. not to give up C. to give away D. not to give away ‎11.—Have they found the lost flight MH370?‎ ‎—Not yet. I’m really ______ the people on the plane. ‎ A. worried about B. angry with ‎ ‎ C. careful of D. afraid of ‎ ‎12. — What do you think of the movie The X-man?‎ ‎—It is ______ exciting ______ I’d like to see it again. ‎ A. too, to B. such, that ‎ ‎ C. as, as D. so, that ‎13. —Tony is still in bed . He may miss the school bus .‎ ‎—Last night he ________late to write the report of his survey.‎ A. stayed up B. woke up C. got up ‎ ‎14. The boats take different routes, but they all____ in the same place.‎ A. give up B. clear up C. end up D. make up ‎15. Be friendly and you’ll ____ well with others.‎ A. look at B. get on C. put on D. pick up ‎16. As time____, you'll come to think of English as your friend and love it.‎ A. goes by B. runs out C. takes off D. turns up ‎17. Rose finished her study in the university and went to___ a good job.‎ A. take after B. look after C. care for D. search for ‎18. Spring has come. We can't____ the plan. The trees must be planted this week.‎ A. put off B. make up C. come up with D. look up ‎19. This math problem is so hard that I can't ______ .Please give me some advice.‎ ‎ A. look out it B. work it out C. give it out ‎20. _______ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are _______ teachers. [来源:Z_xx_k.Com]‎ ‎ A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman ‎ ‎ C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman ‎【课后强化练习】‎ ‎21. Mr. Green is very happy because he is satisfied with his students’ work today.‎ A. is moved by B. is good for C. is fond of D. is pleased with ‎ ‎22. Steven, we should ______ the bus at the next stop. ‎ A. get up B. get off C. get to D. get in ‎ ‎23.—My teachers often encourage me ________ more friends but I find it difficult.‎ ‎—Your teachers’ idea is right. The more friends you make, ________ you will be.‎ A. to make; the more happy B. to make; happier C. making; the happier D. to make; the happier ‎24.－Does your son ________an hour________ his homework after school?[来源:1－No, shorter than that now, about half an hour.‎ A. spend; do B. spend; doing C. spends; to do ‎ ‎25. Wang Yaping and Liu Yang are our ________ in China. We’re proud____ them.‎ A. women astronauts; of B. woman astronauts; of C. women astronauts; in ‎26.－You look too tired. Why not ________ a rest ?‎ ‎ －Sounds good.‎ A. stop having B. to stop having C. stop to have ‎27.－Tom, why are you in such a hurry?‎ ‎ －Oh, my bike is broken, I’m going to have it ________.‎ A. repairing B. repaired C. to repair ‎28. Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs ________. A. to recycle B. recycling C. recycle ‎29. — Everyone must __________ the security check (安检) before getting on the plane at the airport.‎ ‎ — Yes. It’s necessary to ensure the passengers’ safety.‎ A. get through B. get across C. go through D. go across ‎30. —The song Where did the time go ________ the old days and the love of family.‎ ‎—Sure. It’s my favorite song.‎ A. helps us out B. reminds us of ‎ ‎ C. lets us down D. regards us as ‎31. I used to _______ with my wife and watch TV movies at home.‎ A. show up B. wake up C. come up D. stay up[来源Z,xx,k.Com]‎ ‎32. --- Yesterday Tommy walked past my table and ______ my bowls and dishes.[来源:学§ --- He should be careful next time.‎ ‎ A. knocked off B. took off C. showed off D. turned off ‎33. - Do you know the latest information about Flight MH370?‎ ‎- I've no idea. Let's ________ the TV to watch the news programme.‎ ‎ A. turn on B. turn down C. turn up D. turn off ‎34. Learning Chinese really________ my mind to the Chinese world. ‎ A. called up B. turned up ‎ ‎ C. opened up D. made up [来源:1ZXXK]‎ ‎35. Recycling is good, so don't ______ bottles or newspapers.     A. find out    B. hand in    C. use up    D. throw away 36. Everyone wants to win. But _____ me, the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.     A. as for      B. thanks to    C. instead of   D. such as 37. Scientists say that banana trees may disappear(消失) from the ‎ world banana cancer.‎ A. because of B. instead of C. as for D. together with ‎38. --Are you going to Brazil to watch 2019 FIFA World Cup(2019年世界杯足球赛) this summer?‎ ‎-- I’m not sure. It time.‎ A. depends on B. cares about C. agrees to D. finds out ‎39. CoCo Lee was born in Hong Kong but in America. ‎ A. picked up B. gave up  C. grew up D. dressed up ‎ ‎40. “Learning from Lei Feng Day” is only two weeks from now. We need to ________ a plan about it.‎ ‎ A. come up with B. put up C. call up D. set up ‎41．Oh, your shirt is the same_________. ‎ A. as me B. with her C. with mine D. as hers ‎ ‎42. -What did Mr. Green say to his son? -He told him .‎ A. didn't smoke B. don't smoke C. not to smoke D. not smoke ‎43. I saw some boy students _ basketball when I passed the playground.‎ A. played B. plays C. playing D. to play ‎44. Dick _ in America, but he has been _ Chinese food since he moved to China.‎ ‎ A. used to live; used to eating B. is used to live; used to eat C. is used to live; used to eating D. used to living; used to eat ‎45. Tom’s mother told him _______ eating too much meat.‎ ‎ A. stopping B. to stop C. stops D. stopped ‎46. — The World Cup is coming. I won’t _______ any game!‎ ‎ — I’m looking forward to _______ every match of it, too.‎ ‎ A. miss; to watch B. miss; watching ‎ ‎ C. to miss; watch D. to miss; watched ‎47. You look tired. You’d better______ a good rest. ‎ A. stop to have B. stop having ‎ ‎ C. to stop to have D. to stop having [来源:Z§xx§k.Com]‎ 答案：‎ 典例：1-5CBCCB 6-10ABDBB 11-15BCACA ‎ ‎ 16-20DBADA ‎ 21-24AACB 随堂：1-5BDCBD 6-10BCADB ‎ 11-15ADACB 16-20ADABC 课后：1-5DBDBA 6-10CBBCB ‎ 11-15DAACD 16-20AAACA ‎ 21-25DCCAB BA